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	Collective intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Collective intelligence, as characterized by Tom Atlee, Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Francis Heylighen, Ron Dembo, and other theorists, is a working form of intelligence which overcomes "groupthink" and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process—while maintaining reliable intellectual performance.
		While group and artificial intelligence have something to offer, collective intelligence is at its roots a human enterprise in which mind-sets, a willingness to share, and an openness to the value of distributed intelligence for the common good are paramount.
		Collective intelligence is an amplification of the precepts of the Founding Fathers, as represented by Thomas Jefferson in his statement, "A Nation's best defense is an educated citizenry." During the industrial era, schools and corporations took a turn toward separating elites from the people they expected to follow them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collective_intelligence (1569 words)

	Swarm intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swarm intelligence (SI) is an artificial intelligence technique based around the study of collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems.
		The expression "swarm intelligence" was introduced by Beni and Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems.
		Ygramul, the Many -- she is an intelligent being consisting of a swarm of many wasp-like insects, a character in the novel The Neverending Story written by Michael Ende.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swarm_intelligence (1121 words)

	Blog of Collective Intelligence: Defining "Collective Intelligence"
		Intelligence can also be defined as strategically useful information such as the kind of intelligence that intelligence agencies generate for decison-makers in government and the military.
		Although "intelligence professionals" make up only a small percentage of those explicitly concerned with "collective intelligence," their entire profession is a de facto manifestation of collective intelligence: Creating strategic intelligence requires many different people in a coordinated effort -- an effort usually colored by the profession's traditional obsessions with secrecy, security and battle.
		Collective intelligence is the foundation of positive-sum economies where the whole is more than the sum of its parties.
	www.community-intelligence.com /blogs/public/archives/000288.html (3581 words)

	Learn more about Collective intelligence in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although most current theorists in the field tend to have a background in artificial intelligence, the 'C.I.' field is actually more reasonably classified as a branch of political science - since it shares the same objective of effective group activity - and rhetoric in common with the philosophy of action, e.g.
		One measure sometimes applied, especially by more artificial intelligence focused theorists like Douglas Engelbart, is "collective intelligence quotient", which presumably can be measured like the "individual" intelligence quotient (IQ) - thus making it possible to determine the marginal extra intelligence added by each new individual participating in the collective.
		Critics of artificial intelligence on ethical grounds are likely to promote collective wisdom-building methods, e.g.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/co/collective_intelligence.html (485 words)

	The Tao of Democracy - Sample Chapter (6)
		Significantly, the resulting difference in collective intelligence did not occur because the individual women were smarter than the individual men, but rather because of a difference in gender-related group dynamics.
		When people align their individual intelligences in shared inquiries or undertakings, instead of using their intelligence to undermine each other in the pursuit of individual status, they are much more able to generate collective intelligence.
		So they tapped into the collective intelligence of their entire state, weaving together citizen and expert contributions into a wisdom greater than any person or group could have generated separately.
	www.taoofdemocracy.com /sample.html (2420 words)

	TheTransitioner.org : Collective Intelligence
		Collective intelligence is the capability for a group to collaborate in order to achieve goals in a complex context.
		Thus Collective Intelligence of a group is the fruit of its collective intelligence.
		Thus Collective Intelligence is not reduced to an only and unique emerging property directed by some "invisible hand", to quote Adam Smith's expression.
	thetransitioner.org /wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Collective+Intelligence (301 words)

	The Quest for Collective Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The main function of a workplace community's collective intelligence is to provide the social organism with evolutionary guidance in the conditions of accelerating complexity and chaos.
		A collective intelligence system is a dynamic, living "ecosystem" for individual and collective learning, in which emergent patterns of meaning, coordination flows, insights, and inspiration interact, cross-fertilize, feed upon, and grow on each other.
		For example, an electronically indexed collection of video-taped interviews explaining the conditions that allowed successful teams to shorten the time needed for moving from breakdowns to breakthroughs will enable troubled teams to accelerate their learning by reviewing those lessons and using what is applicable.
	www.vision-nest.com /cbw/Quest.html (3633 words)

	Collective intelligence, as a field of study and practice, is taking off
		Collective intelligence has little to do with how smart the INDIVIDUAL members of a group are.
		Collective intelligence is a holy grail of social change.
		This form of collective intelligence is generated by the fact that so much information is available to so many people through media, libraries, the Internet, networks of associates, and so on.
	www.co-intelligence.org /CollectiveIntellTakesOff.html (3844 words)

	Amazon.com: Collective Intelligence: Books: Pierre Levy,Robert Bononno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Levy's collective, on the other hand, derives from Serres', where all large-scale, collective phenomena are distributive rather than summative - you don't make big, 'global' things by stacking lots of smaller, 'local' things, Lego-block style, because the local and the global don't have any necessary relationship.
		Levy adds his notion of collectives to this schema to show how, with the help of new information technologies in particular, each skill, piece of knowledge and understanding is now distributed, rather than isolated in some one place.
		Next he discusses the economy of collective intelligence and how with the growth of technology it is forcing people to abandon their homes, cultures, languages, and even destroying the conventional ideas of a community.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0306456354?v=glance (2752 words)

	networked_performance: Collective Intelligence
		The new artist is the hacker of the elements available on the net, in the sense that he is not limited to the passive use but he recovers, re-elaborates, he violates rules and proposes new possibility, sharing them freely, so that to give the possibility that the transformation's cycle is continuous.
		Mutaforma is actively contacting partners, television network, institutions, museum and curators interested in Collective Intelligence project's theme so as to be included in several manifestations.
		We ask anyone who is interested in Collective Intelligence project or anyone who has ideas, useful contacts and suggestions, to contact us at info[at]mutaforma.com.
	www.turbulence.org /blog/archives/002191.html (376 words)

	Ink 19 :: Collective Intelligence
		Slowly coming to light, Stateside Collective has thrown dozens of parties, events, and has held down residencies at the now defunct Edge, the Rubb, Masquerade, and many others.
		Even now, the Stateside Collective has reached a new level -- "Force Recordings." This is Stateside's own imprint, designed to give its DJ's and artists a chance to express themselves a little differently -- creating the songs themselves.
		Collective Intelligence, although being far from the most prolific jungle I've heard, is a great disc through and through, and pushes the envelope of domestic jungle just a little bit farther.
	www.ink19.com /issues_F/00_05/wet_ink/music_ac/collective.shtml (345 words)

	Blog of Collective Intelligence
		The tools of production tend to be recomposed in collective subjectivity and in the collective intelligence and affect of the workers; entrepreneurship tends to be organised by the cooperation of subjects in [the] general intellect.
		The purpose is to engage a field of collective intelligence in between members, and to bring the field in service of changes that they think needs support.
		Yet, the movement of "collective intelligence" is still largely invisible to itself, in spite the half million webpages using that term.
	www.community-intelligence.com /blogs/public (3747 words)

	collective intelligence - the hypermedia research centre - University of Westminster
		Once everyone is wired up, we will come together as the "collective intelligence": an inclusive society borne out of the Net.
		Inspired by Islamic theology, he says in one chapter that the "collective intelligence" is rather similar to God.
		Rather than forming a "collective intelligence", cyberspace is facilitating new types of collective labour.
	www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk /theory-collectiveintelligence.html (1321 words)

	Minding the Planet: Collective Intelligence
		In the global collective awareness, unlike traditional media, the view of the whole is created in a bottom-up, emergent fashion from the sum of the reports from all the parts (instead of just a small pool of reporters or publishers, etc.).
		The collective self would provide a sense of collective identity: who are we, how do we appear, what are we thinking about, what do we think about what we are thinking about, what are we doing, how well are we doing it, where are we now, where have we been, where are we going next.
		This collective self-awareness infrastructure is the central enabling technology that has to be there first for the next-leap in intelligence of the global mind to evolve.
	novaspivack.typepad.com /nova_spivacks_weblog/collective_intelligence/index.html (10532 words)

	Collective Intelligence - Community Maps
		Collective Intelligence co-founder Mark Beam has been mapping the various capital marketplaces we've studied, which we've separated into Social Capital, Appropriate Technology, and Clean Technology.
		They were sent along in response to the 8/30 edition of the Collective Intelligence newsletter by Roland Faubert, a 30 year retail veteran who leads Moonwatch's research.
		If you've got a map of your industry or supply chain you'd like to contribute to the collective intelligence effort, please send them to kevin@collectiveintelligence.net We're building a network where we all get smarter quicker.
	www.collectiveintelligence.net /maps.php (521 words)

	Collective intelligence: is your website tapping it?: New Thinking: Gerry McGovern
		Collective intelligence will be a key competitive advantage in the 21st Century.
		The trick of collective intelligence seems to be to get a representative sample of people to make independent decisions on a given question and to compile the results.
		For the first time, the Internet allows us to use collective intelligence on a potentially massive scale and in a highly cost-effective manner.
	gerrymcgovern.com /nt/2006/nt-2006-04-17-collective-intelligence.htm (584 words)

	RU3 \| Open networks for collective intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The intelligence we are interested in emerges while information is being exchanged amongst a group of individuals.
		A large number of individuals gathering in persons, at the same time and in the same place, rarely leads to collective intelligence, because the information exchange fluidity is met with obstacles that are often insurmountable.
		The intelligent open network finality is to make intelligible, to a given user, a large volume of information, or intense flux of information exchange.
	www.ru3.org (1730 words)

	Collective Intelligence Everywhere :: Imaginify Community Network :: imagine if i . . . read the good news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Collective Intelligence www.collectiveintelligence.net, "is dedicated to accelerating the flow of capital to good, encouraging money and other resources to be more effectively applied to companies and projects that positively impact social and economic problems by helping to create sustainable local businesses."
		This is the learned wisdom and workable patterns that we find embedded in cultures (e.g., myths and proverbs) and ecosystems (e.g., the field of biomimicry), as well as in society's great collective learning enterprises like scientific, academic and thinktank research activities that cultivate ever-expanding fields of evolving knowledge.
		So...whether you call it Co-Intelligence, Collective Intelligence, CI, or whatever...it is defintitely getting around into more and more circles.
	www.imaginify.org /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=32 (830 words)

	Collective Intelligence - Knowledge Research Open Source Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is very good stuff, we urge everyone interested in Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), public intelligence, and virtual intelligence communities to contribute financially to his center, and to pay close attention to his work.
		We are upgrading this reference portal to include coverage of the term "knowledge mapping"--OSINT, Collective Intelligence, Knowledge Mapping, Public Intelligence, and "Wisdom of the Crowd" seem to be converging at speed.
		CITIZEN INTELLIGENCE is a category in the NewsSorter (as are each of the other six tribes) and can be selected to see all media items, references, reviews, and commentaries on the concept of public intelligence in the public interest).
	www.kross.ro /collective_intelligence (722 words)

	Collective Intelligence: What Is Enlightenment? Magazine
		In our May 2004 issue, Craig Hamilton's groundbreaking feature, “Come Together: The Mystery of Collective Intelligence,” introduces you to pioneers who are discovering that wholes are far more than the sum of their parts.
		Reprints of “Come Together: The Mystery of Collective Intelligence,” with an extensive bibliographical list and endnotes, are available for purchase.
		What Is Enlightenment's new live forum, Voices from the Edge, invites you to join the pathfinders who are exploring the uncharted terrain of collective intelligence.
	www.wie.org /collective (220 words)

	Collective Intelligence
		If we wish to successfully deal with the various social and environmental challenges we face today, we need to develop far more collective intelligence as a society and as a global civilization -- and then apply that collective intelligence with wisdom.
		the collective intelligence of whole societies who weave all of these into their cultures and into their political, governmental and economic institutions.
		To date, much has been learned about how to develop collective intelligence within organizations-usually to help corporations become more competitive in the global market.
	www.co-intelligence.org /Collective_Intelligence.html (444 words)

	Collective Intelligence
		Collective Intelligence is a global group of entrepreneurs dedicated to improving the efficiency of social ecosystems and accelerating the flow of capital to good.
		Artist Guillermo Roel explores the intelligence that naturally emerges from chaos.
		We develop “collective maps,” graphical depictions of the often-complex web of organizations, issues and gaps associated with key social initiatives.
	www.collectiveintelligence.net (311 words)

	Presence in CVEs as extelligence
		The author modestly proposes that CVEs are best seen as "channels of communication" between participants in Lévy's "collective intelligence" or Stewart and Cohen's "extelligence"; and therefore that an effective design principle for CVEs is not fidelity, but the avoidance of noise.
		we could define collective intelligence as a fully distributed intelligence that is continuously enhanced and synergised in real-time.
		This new ideal could replace artificial intelligence as the myth that drives the development of digital technologies and reorients the cognitive sciences, the philosophy of mind, and anthropology toward such questions as the ecology or economy of intelligence.
	www.poptel.org.uk /nuj/mike/presence.htm (3303 words)

	Collective Intelligence FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		- Collective intelligence first began with animal societies and passed a major threshold with the advent of language and human culture.
		- Human collective intelligence grows with the knowledge, autonomy, responsibility, ethical behavior and creativity of the individuals who compose it.
		It’s time to gather it together in order to create a scientific interdiscipline that is of critical importance for human development in a global knowledge society interconnected by cyberspace.
	www.collectiveintelligence.info /cifaq.htm (180 words)

	NASA - NASA 'Collective Intelligence' Can Send Space Messages Faster
		He said that his group might well be the first team to write algorithms based on collective intelligence that successfully integrate assorted computer programs.
		Concerning the future of collective intelligence, Wolpert predicted that "this is a method that someday could be used to program very powerful artificial brains made of nanoscale (miniature) components." Scientists measure nanoscale objects in nanometers, each of which is one billionth of a meter (one billionth of 3.3 feet).
		An example of a business goal that collective intelligence could attain is maximizing a company's stock value.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/roboticexplorers/Collective_Intelligence_jb.html (642 words)

	Evolving Collective Intelligence
		Part of that evolution is the increased legitimacy and empowerment of forms that call forth more of society's collective intelligence and wisdom.
		The increasing sophistication of dialogue and deliberation methodologies over the past two decades, combined with increasingly sophisticated communication and knowledge-management systems, as well as the spread of holistic philosophies and spiritual practices, suggests that we are rapidly increasing our ability to generate collective intelligence and wisdom through well-designed communications.
		At the forefront of this committed experiment in democratic collective intelligence are two remarkable politicians eager to move beyond cynicism and distrust -- Western Australia's Premier, Dr.
	www.communicationagents.com /tom_atlee (1461 words)

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