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Topic: Collective memory

	Collective learning and collective memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The computerised collective memory helps the operators to coordinate their action via the computer, while the prescriptive organisation requires them to either distributing the task immediately or telling each other when any new action is undertaken.
		Collective learning and collective memory are quite complex topics not only because they involve several interdisciplinary aspects that make it difficult even to define them in an effective way but also because it is not clear which are the purposes they serve.
		These techniques may be instrumental for collective learning and organisational memory, understood as teh ability for individuals to jointly develop their knowledge and understanding of subjects crucial for a given organisation, as well as the ability for the organisation as such to access and manage the same knowledge.
	www.vision-nest.com /btbc/kgarden/clearning/wholeclearning.shtml (4364 words)

	Memoire collective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Because the concept of collective memory stresses less the institutional and political uses of the past – the memory “policies” and strategies – than the socially shared representations of the past, which are effects of the present identities that they feed in part in return.
		While the concept of memory is largely polysemous, or even metaphoric in its principle when it covers all forms of the presence of the past, collective memory is perhaps less equivocal in its definition.
		Collective memory can be defined as an interaction between the memory policies – also referred to as “historical memory” – and the recollections – “common memory,” of what has been experienced in common.
	www.cnrs.fr /cw/en/pres/compress/memoire/lavabre.htm (798 words)

	SIGCHI Bulletin Vol.28 No.3, July 1996: Collective Learning and Collective Memory for Coping with Dynamic Complexity
		The "semantic" memory or the "abstract" memory relates to the general propositions that may be formulated as to general rules about events, or as to general characteristics of objects.
		The temporary collective memory evolves through on the one hand the case itself, which in a dynamic situation lives a life of its own, and the actions taken upon this case, and, on the other hand through the discussions about it at meetings.
		These techniques may be instrumental for collective learning and organisational memory, understood as the ability for individuals to jointly develop their knowledge and understanding of subjects crucial for a given organisation, as well as the ability for the organisation as such to access and manage the same knowledge.
	acm.org /sigchi/bulletin/1996.3/waern.html (5433 words)

	Societal Learning and the Erosion of Collective Memory: a critique of the Club of Rome Report
		Limit to collective comprehension span Again assuming that the task of societal learning can be shared amongst the "appropriately connected" sectors of society, the question is whether the span of collective comprehension of whatever group is empowered to act on such learning corresponds to the range of elements relevant to the act.
		Collective memory would seem to be exposed to processes leading to its very rapid erosion.
		It is as though society depended upon subject categories organized in memory in a manner analogous to the rigid protocol of 16th century battle order when the problematique demands a flexible organisation of memory corresponding to the shifting patterns of modern guerilla warfare and changing alliances.
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /docs/uninfo.php (14940 words)

	Collective Memory
		One of the major reasons that collective memory will fade is that successive generations will not attach the same meaning and significance to the event as the generations that were in their formative stages at the time.
		Spontaneous memory is impromptu; it is formed as a byproduct, it is qualitative.
		The intentional memories fade with time as more relevant ones replace them, but the spontaneous memories will be in the background waiting for a trigger for the rest of your life.
	www.uic.edu /classes/comm/comm200am/teamprojects/MemoryTechnologies/Collective_Memory.htm (792 words)

	Collective Memory
		"Monument and Memory in a Postmodern Age." Yale J of Criticism 6 (1993), 249-261.
		The complex relationship between history and memory is addressed through study of cultural artifacts and productions, including novels, films, short stories, and poems that derive from or evoke war.
		Memory, History, and the Exteremination of the Jews of Europe.
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /jhw4/Collective_Memory.htm (1805 words)

	KeyWords: Collective Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Collective memory is the set of ideas -- derived from literature in literacy, psychology, history, and cultural studies -- that our own memories are not entirely personal.
		In this sense, collective memory can be seen as fundamental to national identity and unity.
		In this sense, collective memory also forms the basis for what Gramsci calls "hegemony" -- in which certain ideas that are beneficial to a particular group of people are naturalized as the ways things ought to be (and have always been).
	www.mediahistory.umn.edu /memory.html (304 words)

	Keys To A Future Majority: Reminiscence Bumps, Collective Memory, and Generations \| Music For America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the first case the memory is recent, in the second the memory would be from an earlier time in the person’s life.
		First, some researchers have suggested that the increase in availability of memories from this period happens because the brain is more active at this time and that the increase in activity at the time that the memories are formed.
		Second, commemoration takes a great deal of resources, movies and memorials are expensive to produce, and thus you won’t see commemorations of certain periods until those who were at the critical stage at the time have the money and time to make them happen.
	www.musicforamerica.org /node/75995 (2690 words)

	Borg Collective - Memory Alpha
		The collective state of organization also greatly decreases the chance of error that exists with the decision making of individuals or the conflicts of opinion that are a factor in hierarchical organizations.
		The Borg Collective can also be cracked and invaded cyberspacially by using an existing drone's connection as a conduit for uploading benign and potentially destructive data as well as transmitting a command to the local vinculum.
		Subsidiary or ad-hoc collectives between several individual drones can also be established with and without need for a vinculum or other repeater-type device so long as the drone's subspace transceiver is strong enough to reach the other drones or substitute vinculum.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Borg_Collective (751 words)

	THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Speech subsequently led to collective vocal representations (the words and rules of languages), thus creating the demand for semantic declarative memory.
		For these external records to pass into an individual’s memory, that individual must form a representation of them internally, by electrochemical means, in his or her own neural networks.
		But memes also draw on myriad forms of memory that are external to the human mind, such as paper, magnetic tape, optical disks, and other computer storage media.
	www.thebrain.mcgill.ca /flash/a/a_07/a_07_s/a_07_s_tra/a_07_s_tra.htm (859 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Holidays: Collective Memory Today
		Collective Memory," the author explored how the Jewish mandate to remember was expressed throughout Jewish history.
		The normative past yielded material for a spate of historical novels and family sagas, enormously popular in the interbellum period, while new meanings were discovered for the collective archetypes of kiddush ha-Shem [dying to sanctify God's name]and the kehillah kedoshah (the holy congregation).
		In contrast to this traditional, collective focus, the exploits of individual heroes are celebrated in Israel by "the issuing of memorial volumes to the fallen soldiers, in addition to legends that are told about Joseph Trumpeldor and other Zionist leaders.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /holidays/Minor_Fasts/TO_Minor/Collective_Memory/Collective_Memory2.htm (766 words)

	COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND COLLECTIVE IDENTITY: JEWS, RUSYNS, AND THE HOLOCAUST
		The memorial books also serve as a method by which the regional identities of the remnants of these Jewish communities, transplanted for the most part in North America and Israel, may be preserved before the threat of assimilation to the host culture.
		While wishing on the innocents a peaceful rest, the survivors plead that the memory of their murder not be removed from subsequent generations, to act as a glue to bind together the dispersed fragments of the Jewry of Subcarpathian Rus'.
		Their purpose is to act as both a memorial to the martyred innocent ones as well as a bond to bring their descendants closer to the Jewish community.
	www.carpatho-rusyn.org /jews/coll.htm (3491 words)

	International Solidarity Movement » Producing National Identity: Museums, Memory and Collective Thought in Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In particular, I am interested in a) the role of the state in producing, selecting, and organizing collective memories for its citizens and b) the role of museums - as public and state-sanctioned spaces - in both constructing memories and therefore a common interpretation of the past.
		As Eviatar Zerubavel has noted with regard to the relevance of collective memory to nation-building, “Acquiring a group’s memories and thereby identifying with its collective past is part of the process of acquiring any social identity, and familiarizing members with that past is a major part of communities efforts to assimilate them”.
		Memorializing the Holocaust has produced museums throughout the world and, while we are told that the Holocaust has universal meaning for all humanity, the Israeli Holocaust History Museum also relates the story in a manner slightly different than elsewhere.
	www.palsolidarity.org /main/2006/03/20/producing-national-identity-museums-memory-and-collective-thought-in-israel (4711 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Holidays: Collective Memory
		InJudaism, memory is a collective mandate, both in terms of what is recalled and how it is recalled.
		With the destruction of Herod's Temple in 70 C.E. and the subsequent failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt, the rabbis of Jabneh and Usha (the tannaim) triumphed as the sole arbiters of Jewish memory.
		This legendary construct was in turn refashioned sometime in the Byzantine period into a mythic tale with biblical antecedents (the selling of Joseph by his brothers), eventually to become part of the Yom Kippur liturgy (in the commemoration of the Ten Martyrs).
	www.myjewishlearning.com /holidays/Minor_Fasts/TO_Minor/Collective_Memory.htm (988 words)

	Topics in Personal and Collective Memory
		Read "Conversion to the Euro: A Loss of Collective Memory?", an essay prepared on the occasion of the conversion of 12 European currencies to a common currency, the euro, on January 1, 2002.
		Genealogical information is often collected in interviews, and thus relies on the memories of family members; but sharing a genealogy with others can also be a stimulus for the recollection events within a family, and the sharing of these memories deepens the collective memory of the family still further.
		A theatrical genre related to the literary memoir, a memory play is one in which the narrator, usually an adult, reflects on an earlier time when he or she underwent a life-changing experience.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~kihlstrm/SHEM_topics.htm (11734 words)

	THE RHETORICS OF THE PAST: HISTORY, ARGUMENT, AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY
		A collective memory belongs not to an individual or the presumably continuous record constructed in histories, but rather to a family, group, or larger social unit that attaches special meanings to particular events from the past.
		A more focused study of the operation of collective memory is Schwartz, Zerubavel, and Barnett's examination (1986) of the curious recovery of the story of Masada with the rise of Zionism in the early twentieth century.
		The rhetoric of collective memory, therefore, as I noted earlier, is a special kind of commemoration--an evoking of a past both to frame a present but also to conform that past to the present.
	www.uiowa.edu /~commstud/faculty/gronbeck/gronbeck02.htm (5529 words)

	Collective Memory and the Holocaust
		During the construction of the memorial, Eisenman did not always avoid becoming embroiled in German public debates, and it was not always pretty.
		And he said the memorial does both, and it is the edge between both that makes this monument so important.
		So you are saying the memorial would serve as a kind of palimpsest or witness to the present in which free speech and expression reign.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20050613/benjamin (1094 words)

	The Gates: An Experiment in Collective Memory: introducing the Gates Memory Project blog
		Like memory, it is layered, it sprawls, and is traversed both by brightly lit boulevards and shadowed alleyways.
		Posted by: jrfj44 at March 9, 2005 06:18 PM Memory screens, gate(way)s, and dynamic pages seem to be completely in line with the organic and temporal nature of The Gates and the world wide web.
		The web is one enormous collective memory indeed, with searches that lead one off into unexpected places and "googling" digressions that simulate brilliance to the user exclusively.
	www.futureofthebook.org /gatesmemoryblog/2005/03/introducing_the_gates_memory_p.html (961 words)

	The Gates: An Experiment in Collective Memory
		The Gates Memory project is working in collaboration with Flickr to collect and archive photos of the Gates.
		Collective memory stimulated by shared activity and a collaborative effort to annotate gatesmemory images by location.
		While the photos and stories are being collected, the institute will encourage discussion and debate on how best to present the archives in hopes of finding new, unexpected ways to view and bring meaning to the content.
	www.futureofthebook.org /gatesmemoryblog (6703 words)

	Social Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This course critically charts the history of social memory in the Humanities and in anthropology, in particular, reflecting on what social memory is and what are the significant problems in studying it.
		We shall focus on history as it is lived by people themselves in various cultural environments, emphasizing how remembrances are shared and transmitted by social groups, and how places, bodies and objects contribute to materialize individual biography and shared history.
		The Resurrection of the House amongst the Zafimaniry of Madagascar.
	www.ceu.hu /soc_ant/socialmemory.html (501 words)

	Collective Memory Participants
		She is studying the philosophy of false memories, mental imagery, pretense and imagination.
		their own memory when they are given the opportunity to discuss an event they have seen.
		to autobiographical memories, and to explore the factors that mediate social influences.
	www.phil.mq.edu.au /staff/jsutton/CMMParticipants.html (2896 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Holocaust and Collective Memory: Books: Peter Novick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He explains the immediate post-war silence about the Holocaust by reviewing the basics of cold war politics: just after the liberation of the concentration camps, Americans were called upon to sympathise with "gallant Berliners" who resisted the Soviets and built a wall against Communism--an "enormous shift from one set of alignments to another", Novick notes.
		The Holocaust and Collective Memory is as carefully researched and argued as it is polemical and probing.
		His understanding of the complexities of collective memory is sophisticated and woven into a compelling whole.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Holocaust-Collective-Memory-Peter-Novick/dp/074755255X (1233 words)

	Collective and individual remembering
		And in many tasks, from rope-pulling to vigilance tasks, it has been found that people contribute less when they are part of a group than when they are working alone
		In this study, two experiments compared the memory performance of nominal and collaborative groups of three, using
		Permission is granted to copy and distribute this material in educational settings, provided that the author is advised and due acknowledgment is made of the source on any handouts.
	www.memory-key.com /ResearchReports/weldon97.htm (373 words)

	THE GATES: AN EXPERIMENT IN COLLECTIVE MEMORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is what happened while they were here: the conversations, the crowds, the impromptu visits, the unexpected snow, the long ambling walks, and the various artifacts - photographs, sketches, films, swatches of fabric - that we amassed.
		Memories often begin with an image, and the Gates project is almost certainly among the most photographed works of art in history.
		The aim is to harness the creativity and insight of thousands to build a kind of collective memory machine - one that is designed not just for the moment, but as a lasting and definitive document of the Gates and our experience of them.
	www.gatesmemory.org (363 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel - Nachman Ben-Yehuda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel.
		In this forceful book, an Israeli sociologist details the dismay he felt when he first heard the Masada myth challenged; he then found that, in fact, the events at Masada in 73 A.D. were far from the romanticized version of a heroic remnant of the Jewish people committing suicide to avoid being conquered.
		In addition to questioning the received myth, however, Ben-Yehuda examines how it originated, how it was sustained and elaborated, how it was memorialized, and how it eventually gave rise to a tourist attraction.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19960901fabook4089/nachman-ben-yehuda/the-masada-myth-collective-memory-and-mythmaking-in-israel.html (256 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Morphic Resonance
		It's a theory of collective memory throughout nature.
		What the memory is expressed through are the morphic fields, the fields within and around each organism.
		The earth is a living mother; it's not just a collection of rocks with physical forces at work in them.
	fusionanomaly.net /morphicresonance.html (2001 words)

	MEMORY: Social Memory, Collective Memory, External Memory/
		Susannah Radstone (ed), Memory and Methodology (Oxford: Berg, 2000).
		Based on fieldwork in Africa: concluding chapters on memory, and truth and identity.
		Daniel A. Wagner, 'Memories of Morocco: the influence of age, schooling, and environment on memory',
	www.phil.mq.edu.au /staff/jsutton/Socialmemory.htm (2315 words)

	Memory: Memory Links
		The Human Brain Project "The Human Brain Project is a broad-based long-term research initiative which supports research and development of advanced technologies to open information superhighways to neuroscientists and behavioral scientists by providing an array of information tools for the 21st Century." Lots of links to studies and images.
		A Computational Theory of Working Memory "Detailed modeling of the memory ramifications of a human-machine system may be useful in the prediction of performance in terms of both fluency of use and in the prediction of errors." An academic paper.
		How to play piano music from memory This is the hypertext version of the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article for rec.music.makers.piano on playing piano from memory.
	www.exploratorium.edu /memory/links.html (809 words)

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