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Topic: Collective rights

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	Office of Compliance: Your Rights - Collective Bargaining & Unionization
		This right includes acting for a labor organization in the capacity of a representative and, in that capacity, presenting the views of the labor organization to the heads of agencies and other officials of the Executive Branch of the Government, the Congress, or other appropriate authorities.
		The CAA recognizes the management rights of an employing office which are defined by statute to include the right to determine the mission, budget, organization, number of employees, and internal security practices of the office.
		“Collective bargaining” is the performance of the mutual obligation of the representative of the employing office and the exclusive representative of the unit employees to meet at reasonable times and to consult and bargain in a good faith effort to reach an agreement with respect to the conditions of employment affecting such employees.
	www.compliance.gov /employeerights/er_labormanagement2.html (2094 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Human rights (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These rights commonly include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, freedom from torture and other mistreatment, freedom of expression, freedom of movement, the right to self-determination, the right to education, and the right to participation in cultural and political life.
		The origin of modern positive rights in international law may be traced to the creation of the International Labour Organization in 1919 as a Western response to the socialist ideology of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
		Rights may also be non-derogable (not limited in times of national emergency); these often include the right to life, the right to be prosecuted only according to the laws that are in existence at the time of the offense, the right to be free from slavery, and the right to be free from torture.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Human_rights (1868 words)

	Human rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another important philosophical criticism of human rights is their presumed basis in morality.
		Richard Rorty has argued that human rights are not based upon the exercise of reason but a sentimental vision of humanity (even though he does support human rights in law on the basis of interests theory).
		Human rights Violation is abuse of people in a way that it abuses any fundamental human rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_rights (3919 words)

	Collective Mgmt of Copyright & Related Rights - Special Libraries Association
		Related rights are the rights that belong to the performers, the producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations in relation to their performances, phonograms and broadcasts respectively.
		Collective management is the exercise of copyright and related rights by organizations acting in the interest and on behalf of the owners of rights.
		Rights clearance centers grant licenses to users that reflect the conditions for the use of works and the remuneration terms set by each individual holder of rights who is a member of the center (in the field of reprography, for instance, authors of written works such as books, magazines and periodicals).
	www.sla.org /content/Shop/Information/infoonline/2001/aug01/copyrights.cfm (2853 words)

	Collective Management of Copyright and Related Right
		Collective management organizations are an important link between creators and users of copyrighted works (such as radio stations) because they ensure that, as owners of rights, creators receive payment for the use of their works.
		Related rights (the rights of performers and producers of phonograms to obtain remuneration for broadcasting or the communication to the public of phonograms).
		By managing their rights, the system is rewarding creators for their work, and the creators in turn are more inclined to develop and apply their talents in an environment that provides adequate copyright and related rights protection and an efficient system for the management of rights.
	www.wipo.int /about-ip/en/about_collective_mngt.html (2821 words)

	Human Rights: Collective Rights versus Individual Rights
		A prominent issue in human rights is the between collective rights and individual rights.
		Collective rights protect a group of people, while individual rights protect the individual.
		Sure, the actions of Senator Harkin were well intentioned, but in passing the bill, he fought for the collective rights of the children, neglecting the rights of the individual.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0126065/isscollective.html (560 words)

	Common Rights Vs. Collective Rights
		The right of each to the use of land is still a direct, original right, which he holds of himself, and not by the gift or consent of the others; but it has become limited by the similar rights of the others, and is therefore an equal right.
		Here the primary right -- the right by which "each of them is free to use the earth for the satisfaction of his wants" -- has been dropped out of sight, and the mere proviso has been swelled into the importance of the primary right, and has taken its place.
		What right it has with regard to the use of land is simply that which is derived from and is necessary to the determination of the rights of the individuals who compose it.
	geolib.com /sullivan.dan/commonrights.html (4828 words)

	European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights: news
		Collective rights are vital for tribal peoples, as is confirmed not just by the draft declaration but by numerous laws and agreements which are already accepted by many countries and internationally.
		It cannot avoid this because that right is enshrined in international law (in the UN’s Civil and Political Rights Covenant) agreed to by virtually all countries decades ago.
		Survival International is pressing the government to change its mind and acknowledge that the recognition of tribal peoples’ collective rights is crucial to their survival.
	www.eniar.org /action/collectiverights.html (1379 words)

	United Nations Office at Geneva \| News & Media \| COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS HOLDS DAY OF ...
		The right to participate contained at least three different elements: the right to access to culture, the right to choose the culture of oneâs preference and the right to enabling rights such as education.
		In the discussion, topics raised related to the respect of the State for cultural heritage; the collective value of goods which were considered to be cultural heritage; definitions of collective and common heritage; the right to common property rights; the inclusion of landscape into the definition of heritage; and the glorification and minimization of arts.
		Collective rights had to be viewed as human rights, because they could otherwise be changed by Government and diminished to nothing but a grant.
	www.unog.ch /80256EDD006B9C2E/(httpNewsByYear_en)/F78B077F459C8D31C12574440051A158?OpenDocument (3880 words)

	Deborah Gyapong: Individual rights and collective rights--both good
		Collective rights, or communal rights, are also important rights, especially when it comes to families and religions.
		When individual rights are enshrined at the expense of collective rights, then we have decisions like the one against Christian Horizons, where the individual rights of someone to be a practicing lesbian trump the rights of a Christian organization to require that its members uphold a Christian morality code concerning sexual behavior.
		The right of the Catholic Church to determine that the priesthood is male, something I wholeheartedly agree with, is a collective right that I would not want to see the state come in and trample on with orders that the Church must ordain women.
	deborahgyapong.blogspot.com /2008/06/individual-rights-and-collective-rights.html (873 words)

	Georgia: Copyright, Law, 22/06/1999
		The income collected from such fees shall be transferred to the authors professional funds and organizations, which govern the economic rights of the authors on collective basis.
		Transfer of such rights by the performer is limited to the use of the audiovisual work and unless there is not provided for otherwise by the contract, it does not include the right to separate the use of sound and the image fixed in the audiovisual work.
		—(1) The authorization to administer economic rights on collective basis to organization is granted voluntarily by the holders of copyright and neighboring rights on basis of written contract relating to their membership of this organization, as well as on basis of contract on mutual representation conducted with the similar foreign organizations.
	www.wipo.int /clea/docs_new/en/ge/ge001en.html (10924 words)

	Human Rights in Cyberspace
		Since this proliferation of rights does not necessarily strengthen the cause of the actual implementation of human rights, various attempts have been made to establish a set of core human rights that are representative for the totality.
		Following Sanders (1991) collective rights are claims on behalf of communities (for example ethnic minorities) that seek to protect their specific features, such as cultural or linguistic characteristics.
		Conventional human rights theories are biased towards a European tradition in which it is assumed that all human beings are equally capable in asserting their rights and in which the legal system is formally based upon the assumption of the initiative of free citizens to defend their rights.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=283 (6642 words)

	Human rights - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These rights commonly include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, freedom from torture and other mistreatment, freedom of religion and of expression, freedom of movement, the right to self-determination, the right to education, and the right to participation in cultural and political life.
		A modern interpretation of the original Declaration of Human Rights was made in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action[9], adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights in 1993.
		Examples of such rights include: the rights to education, to a livelihood, to legal equality, and to alter forms of consciousness.
	www.voyager.in /Human_rights (2042 words)

	On Collective Action
		The collective administration of copyright rights is well established in some segments of the copyright industries, particularly music and art, but it is a relatively new means of transacting business in the media photography business.
		This is a collective administration model, which provides for the licensing of copyright rights for both initial publication and republication rights of commissioned photography and for the licensing of the residual rights in non-commissioned photography.
		Collective licensing is the inevitable solution to administering media photographers' rights in the information age.
	www.asmp.org /publications/whitepaper2.php (4925 words)

	Collective Rights in India: A Re-assessment
		Among the numerous issues of collective rights which must be addressed are the effects of large-scale development projects, inadequate assistance to conflict-induced internally displaced persons, citizenship rights of Chakma tribals and the treatment of the Scheduled Castes and religious minorities.
		The Constitution stresses fundamental rights, asserts equality before the law, prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, and guarantees the right to reside in any part of the territory of India.
		Collective rights are also specifically supported in the Constitution under Article 17, which abolishes untouchability, and under Article 15(4), which enables the State to make special provision for the “advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes”.
	www.hrdc.net /sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF36.htm (1613 words)

	20 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
		Collective bargaining is the process of negotiation between representatives of workers and management to determine the conditions of employment.
		Collective bargaining is about getting an honest exchange for your labor based on your occupation, years of education, and years of experience, rather than selling your labor for less than its worth to the market.
		Perhaps the real reason behind privatization, the opposition to collective bargaining, and the ridiculous refusal to meet with employee representatives is because some administrators don't want to lose their option on "let's blame the e mployees." These people have as their interest the continuation of disputes, not their resolution.
	www.seanc25.org /collect.html (4044 words)

	War
		Having the right reason for launching a war is not enough: the actual motivation behind the resort to war must also be morally appropriate.
		The permission is then granted because the transformation: 1) violates neither state nor human rights; 2) its expected consequences are very desirable, namely, satisfied human rights for the local population and increased international peace and security for everyone; and 3) the post-war moment is especially promising regarding the possibilities for reform.
		Finally, B's having rights at all provides her with an implicit entitlement to use those means necessary to secure her rights, including the use of force in the face of a serious physical threat.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/war (10652 words)

	CPTech on Collective Management of IP Rights: Copyrights
		Other organizations such as Rights clearance centers grant licenses to users that reflect the conditions for the use of works and the remuneration terms set by each individual holder of rights who is a member of the center.
		For books, magazines, and other periodicals, newspapers, reports and the lyrics of songs, collective management mainly involves the grant of the right of reproduction, in other words allowing protected material to be photocopied by institutions such as libraries, public organizations, universities, schools and consumer associations.
		Since it is impossible for an organization to obtain mandates from all national and international right holders whose works are reproduced in its territory of operation, there are different legal techniques which support collective administration and make it possible that the licenses issued by the copyright organization also cover the rights of non-represented right holders.
	www.cptech.org /cm/copyrights.html (1432 words)

	Nordic Research Course on Collectice Rights 5-10 June 2005
		The theme of the course “Collective Rights” allows for scholarly exchange between professors and doctoral candidates working in the fields of human rights, environmental law and Saami law.
		Participants will be expected to contribute in advance with a chapter-length paper related to their own doctoral thesis project, to be critiqued by top-level international experts as well as peers in sessions dedicated to that purpose.
		The selected participants will be informed of their approval by 15 April 2005 and they should by 15 May 2005 submit a paper (electronically) on one or more theoretical and/or methodological aspects of their ongoing research to be presented and discussed at the course.
	www.humanrights.uio.no /studier/forskerkurs/2005/collective-rights.html (763 words)

	Getting Permission
		For example, she notes: "VERDI (Very Extensive Rights Data Information) which is financed by the EU is linking together the services of existing multimedia rights clearance systems in Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Spain.
		CLARA, a Web site organized by 5 Norwegian copyright collectives, since November 12, 1998 informs users of their rights and rights clearances of all types of copyright materials including use in multimedia productions.
		You may also need to investigate whether any rights need to be cleared that could be held by the actors, producers, writers, performers, guilds, or composers.
	www.utsystem.edu /OGC/IntellectualProperty/permissn.htm (1828 words)

	[No title]
		Grand performing rights are typically obtained from the creator of the work or their publisher.
		The rights to publicly perform a single piece of music from a musical play in a non-dramatic fashion are often referred to as small performing rights.
		To qualify as a non-dramatic performance, a piece of music taken from a musical play may not make use of any form of staging, choreography, etc., even if the use of any of these elements is not intended to represent any part of the original musical play.
	www.copyright.iupui.edu /permorg.htm (730 words)

	SSRN-Economic Functions of Collecting Societies - Collective Rights Management in the Light of Transaction Cost - and ...
		Together with cultural and social tasks collective management organizations (CMOs) fulfil important economic functions: They ensure the economic participation resulting from the use of works for the sake of authors and right holders when the latter cannot individually manage their rights for practical reasons or because of prohibitively high transaction costs.
		Whereas many academic works on CMOs are prone to emphasize the rationale of collective rights management from the licensors' perspective (authors and rights holders) the paper rather focuses on the licensees' search and information costs.
		Since they do not know whether their repertoire will be accepted on the market, risk-averse right holders join CMOs in order to reduce their individual risk of economic failure.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=998328 (599 words)

	HURIGHTS OSAKA - Collective Rights in Asia
		Communities articulating the concept of collective rights they possess and exercise have much to contribute to the human rights discourse in Asia.
		While collective rights have been mentioned quite frequently as a feature of the perception of rights in societies in Asia, there are not so many discussions on how communities actually define and practice them in their own contexts and perspectives.
		Several countries are covered by the collective rights project, namely, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines.
	www.hurights.or.jp /asia-pacific/no_07/11collectiverights.htm (455 words)

	Should Individual Rights Take Precedence Over Collective Rights
		-Trudeau states, “What we were seeking was the individual himself to have the right to demand his choice of French or English in his relationships with the federal government, and the right to demand a French or English education for his children from a provincial government.
		Rights ~ fair claim, persons being entitled to privilege or immunity, thing one is entitled to
		Is collective rights needed in existence with individual rights to produce a society of unity and multiculturalism?
	www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca /politics/lauren_slt.html (1018 words)

	An Anarchist's View of Individual Rights vs. Collective Rights
		Looking again at the UN Declaration of Rights, and although it's not that it is proper or moral, but from a purely socialistic standpoint, we have, either by legislation or at the polls, already achieved those rights as enumerated.
		Anything, a law, a code, or statute that interferes with the relationship between individual contract and substance of contract is a violation of the most basic of enumerated rights, the right of happiness.
		And maybe, just maybe, when more and more people begin to value and understand the right of individual contract and substance over collective rights, we will indeed reach and obtain the worthy and noble societal goals of the masses.
	www.strike-the-root.com /4/moorman/moorman4.html (1253 words)

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