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Topic: Collenchyma

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	Ground tissue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Collenchyma tissue is composed of elongated cells with unevenly thickened walls.
		Collenchyma tissue composes, for example, the resilient strands in stalks of celery.
		Unlike the collenchyma, mature sclerenchyma is composed of dead cells with extremely thick cell walls (secondary walls) that make up to 90% of the whole cell volume.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chlorenchyma (972 words)

	Botany online: Supporting Tissues - Conducting Tissues
		The collenchyma is the typical supporting tissue of the primary plant body and growing plant parts, though it is kept with unaltered structure and function even in outgrown organs like stems, petioles, laminae or roots.
		In cross-sections of stems, the collenchyma commonly appears as discrete strands or as a peripheral cylinder that lies, depending on the species, either directly beneath the epidermis or is separated from it by several layers of parenchyma.
		The walls of collenchyma cells are strengthened by the deposit of cellulose and the coating with pectin.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e06/06.htm (1587 words)

	Unit 3
		These tissues are found in the pith and cortex of roots and stems, the mesophyll of leaves, as a component of the fleshy and storage tissues of fruit and seeds, and as a component of complex tissues such as xylem and phloem.
		Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are referred to as simple tissues when they are found in aggregates (as in the cortex) and they also occur as individual cell types when they occur alone as part of complex tissues like xylem.
		Collenchyma is usually found distributed around the periphery of young stems and petioles.
	trc.ucdavis.edu /plb/PLB105/html/Un3.html (2745 words)

	[No title]
		Collenchyma is present in young shoots, flower stalks, fruit stalks, and leaf petioles.
		Angular collenchyma cells have walls in which the corners are extra thick; lamellar collenchyma cells have thickenings on both the inner and outer cell walls.
		Peel a strand of collenchyma from the petiole.
	biology.csusb.edu /classes/354Lab4012.doc (1189 words)

	Lamellar, sparse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The outermost two layers of collenchyma cells, along with the epidermis cells, are brick-shaped and fit together in regular layers.
		The cells of the third and fourth layers of collenchyma do not have such regular sizes and shapes and thus do not fit together in smooth, uniform layers.
		As a consequence, their thickened corners are not aligned and do not form lamellar collenchyma.
	www.sbs.utexas.edu /mauseth/weblab/webchap4coll/4.1-7.htm (117 words)

	Collenchyma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Collenchyma tissues are mainly found under the epidermis in young stems in the large veins of leaves.
		The cells are composed of living, elongated cells running parallel to the length of organs that it is found in.
		Collenchyma cells have thick cellulose cell walls which thickened at the corners.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /SCI_ED/grade10/plant_tissues/collenchyma.htm (75 words)

	LAB3
		Collenchyma: Collenchyma is similar to parenchyma but has been specialized primarily for support tissue.
		Angular collenchyma: In this type of collenchyma, the cell wall thickenings are in the corners of the cells, as seen in transverse sections.
		Plate (=lamellar) collenchyma: In lamellar collenchyma the thickenings of the cell walls are chiefly on the inner and outer tangential walls.
	lifesciences.asu.edu /plb306/LAB3.html (1419 words)

	Plant Anatomy- Collenchyma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The reverse is seen here where the cell wall is colourless and the cell protoplasts with chloroplasts are green.
		The absence of thickened cell walls on the bottom of the section emphasises the difference between collenchyma and parenchyma tissue.
		Although wall thickenings in collenchyma tissue occur in different patterns, the walls are always unevenly thickened.
	bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au /2003A+Pmodules/module2/2CC4.html (55 words)

	collenchyma Collenchyma
		Collenchyma tissue is composed of cells that are slightly more specialized than those of parenchyma tissue.
		Collenchyma cells tend to be elongate and have unevenly thickened walls and
		Plant Anatomy Glossary Collenchyma A tissue composed of relatively elongated cells with secondarily thickened walls of cellulose.
	casted.blog6.businessweekblog.com /1143313472.html (818 words)

	Parenchyma.htm
		In contrast to parenchyma, collenchyma cells possess thickened primary cell walls.
		The irregular thickened primary cell walls of collenchyma cells provide support and plasticity in stems and leaves during rapid growth.
		Collenchyma in the upper right corner is supportive tissue located below the epidermis just beyond this view.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/pae/botany/histology/html/parenchyma.htm (510 words)

	Lab 11B - Plant Morphology and Transpiration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		To understand the differences between cell types (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and the function that each performs for the overall plant.
		Collenchyma tissues are composed of prismatic cells that are commonly elongated and can occur in long strands or cylinders.
		Consequently, in the most common stain system, cellulose stains blue or green and lignin stains reddish or pink.) Because collenchyma cell walls are not lignified, the collenchyma strands are flexible, thus ideal for structural support and protection in growing shoots or flexible structures like leaves.
	biology.dbs.umt.edu /biol103/labs/Wyrick/11b_transpiration.htm (2383 words)

	Plant Structure
		Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells are common in the ground tissue.
		Note the thick walls on the collenchyma cells occurring at the edges of the Medicago stem cross section.
		They, like collenchyma, stain red in many commonly used prepared slides.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLANTANAT.html (1047 words)

	Botany: Collenchyma Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Collenchyma cells help support the primary plant body.
		Support is an essential function in plants because adequate structural support allows plants to grow upward, enabling them to compete with other plants for available sunlight on a plant-crowded land.
		Because plants lack a skeletal system typical of animals, support of plant body parts is provided by individual cells, including the strengthing tissue collenchyma.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/projects/Botany/collen.html (157 words)

	Bi 371
		Collenchyma is one of two specialized mechanical tissues and is unique in …
		Plants need a support tissue that can be functional while the plant is growing and is capable of expanding with that growth
		Collenchyma occurs where organs are constantly changing shape as they grow
	www.wou.edu /~duttonb/Bi371/Bi371-LectGuide(ch4-Collenchyma-2005).htm (217 words)

	On the mechanical properties of the rare endemic cactus Stenocereus eruca and the related species S. gummosus -- Niklas ...
		collenchyma were made on one stem each of ca.
		A thin, irregular layer of phelloderm intervenes between the cork cambium and the collenchyma.
		thickness of the collenchyma layer varied in a complex fashion.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/90/5/663 (5336 words)

	Lab I - Plant Structure (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Collenchyma cells have thick primary walls composed of cellulose.
		Collenchyma is found near the surface of cortex in stems and along the veins of leaves, where it provides structural support and protection against breakage.
		Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified secondary walls, lack cell contents at maturity, and occur throughout all plant tissues.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /IB181/VPL/Ana/Ana1.html (1609 words)

	PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		B. The cell walls of Collenchyma Cells are thicker than those of Parenchyma CellS.
		Collenchyma cell walls are also irregular in shape.
		D. Collenchyma cells are usually grouped in Strands.
	www.sirinet.net /~jgjohnso/plants.html (4262 words)

	Stems
		This region comprises the collenchyma, parenchyma and endodermis.
		It is situated to the inside of the epidermis.
		Beneath the collenchyma cells are a few layers of thin-walled cells, parenchyma, with intercellular spaces.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /sci_ed/grade10/anatomy/stems.htm (1263 words)

	Chapter 13 Remarks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Please do not fall for the misconception that parenchyma becomes collenchyma and then matures as sclerenchyma.
		There are many, many parenchyma cell forms and structures and I'd say that by comparison collenchyma (to a great degree) and sclerenchyma (to a lesser degree) are just plain boring.
		I disagree with the author's comment that collenchyma cells "differentiate from parenchyma cells".
	koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /Plant_Physiology/Ch13.html (1153 words)

	REVIEW CHAPTER 31, PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		a) collenchyma b) parenchyma c) sclerenchyma d) meristematic
		a) parenchyma b) collenchyma c) sclerenchyma d) phloem
		a) collenchyma b) parenchyma c) sclerenchyma d) All of the above.
	www.sirinet.net /~jgjohnso/revchap31.html (1215 words)

	Botany online: Cell wall - Collenchyma Cells - Cellulose Lamellas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Botany online: Cell wall - Collenchyma Cells - Cellulose Lamellas
		Electron microscopic picture of a cross-section through collenchyma cells of Curcubita leaves after removal of non-cellulose parts and fixation with permanganate.
		This treatment dissolves the middle lamella, so that the cells splay.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e26/7.htm (136 words)

	BSA Plant Images Online - Apium petiole, collenchyma
		BSA Plant Images Online - Apium petiole, collenchyma
		License Details: BSA - Terms for Image Use
		Please note: THIS SITE IS BEST VIEWED USING NEWER BROWSERS!
	www.botany.org /plantimages/ImageData.asp?IDN=13-016h (48 words)

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