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Topic: Collins (crater)

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Michael Collins (astronaut)

Apollo Program

Moon

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October 31

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	The Moon
		The craters and basins in the highlands are formed by meteorite impact and are thus older than the maria, having accumulated more craters.
		The fresh crater Tycho, with a diameter of 85 kilometers (53 miles), is prominent at the bottom of the photograph.
		This is an oblique view of the large crater Copernicus on the lunar nearside, as phtographed from the Apollo 17 spacecraft in lunar orbit.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/moon.htm (2472 words)

	Gareth Collins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Impact Cratering; Landslides and Granular Flows; Geomorphology; Evolution and Meteorite Impacts.
		Collins, G., Melosh, H. and Ivanov, B. Modeling damage and deformation in impact simulations, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39 2:217-231.
		Collins, G. and Melosh, H. Acoustic Fluidization and the Extraordinary Mobility of Sturzstroms, J. Geophys.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /~gareth/gareth.html (176 words)

	Collins (crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Collins is a tiny lunar impact crater located on the southern part of the Mare Tranquillitatis.
		Collins is the central member of the row of three craters named in honor of the Apollo 11 crew members.
		This crater was previously identified as 'Sabine D' before being renamed by the IAU.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collins_(crater) (107 words)

	research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Collins, G., Melosh, H. and Ivanov, B. Damage and Deformation in Numerical Impact Simulations, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39 2:217-231.
		Collins, G. Turtle and H. Melosh, Numerical Simulations of Silverpit Crater Collapse, 2003, Lunar and Planet.
		Collins, G. and H. Melosh, Acoustic Fluidization and the Extraordinary Mobility of Sturzstroms, 2003, Lunar and Planet.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /~gareth/publications (292 words)

	The Tswaing/Soutpan Meteor Crater
		The Tswaing crater is similar in size to the well-known Barringer meteor crater in Arizona.
		Drilling in the crater has shown that the rocks forming it have been shocked by an explosion, and are not volcanic in origin.
		As the Tswaing crater is slightly smaller than the Barringer crater, we shall assume that the energy of the explosion there was equivalent to 10 million tonnes of TNT.
	www.hartrao.ac.za /other/tswaing/tswaing.html (1129 words)

	[No title]
		The inner crater is surrounded by a “peak ring”, the outer rim is defined by a 300-1000 m escarpment.
		Weak adjustment movements during crater modification are expected for craters near the simpleto- complex transition diameter, that is for crater of 3-5 km diameter.
		The inner crater was assumed to be filled with 1.2 km of tsunami breccia and have a central peak rising 500 m from the crater floor.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/2004/1016/2004-1016.txt (16417 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Michael Collins (astronaut)
		Michael Collins (born October 31, 1930) was an astronaut in the Gemini and Apollo space programs.
		On this mission Collins was the Command Module pilot who orbited the Moon while his colleagues Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed and walked on the lunar surface.
		There is a small crater on the Moon near the Apollo 11 landing site that is named in his honor.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Michael_Collins_(astronaut) (360 words)

	SPACE.com -- Ancient Asteroid Made Jell-O of Earth at Chicxulub Crater in Mexico's Yucatan
		The crater is estimated to be 100 to 150 miles (160 to 240 kilometers) wide.
		The crater collapsed, forming a towering mound in the center that was two or three times the height of Mount Everest.
		Collins said that while geologists are skeptical of the model, his colleagues who study asteroid impacts generally agree with the idea.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/planetearth/asteroid_jello_001122.html (1089 words)

	Imperial College Geophysics Group - Numerical Modelling of Impact Crater Collapse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Collapse of simple craters, on scales greater than 100m, is dominated by the slumping of the steep cavity walls under the action of gravity and is entirely explainable with standard debris mechanics. The transient crater´s steep walls are unstable and relax to the angle of repose by wholesale slumping of the walls.
		Of course the collapse of impact craters cannot be entirely hydrodynamic, as the end result would inevitably be a flat surface.
		Shown are some preliminary results of crater collapse calculations using the SALE 2D hydrocode, modified to include a representation of the predicted effects of acoustic fluidization.
	www.huxley.ic.ac.uk /research/Comp&Geophys/Geophys/maintext.php3?ID=1&lastPageID=23&showID=2&sid=19151519723bba8327054de (359 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		COLLINS: A lawyer in Portland, Oregon is being held in connection with the March train attack in Madrid, Spain.
		COLLINS: Now, I know that both of the Rovers have been handed five more months to do their assignments.
		COLLINS: Still to come this morning, a doctor said she had no hope for a recovery, but her family held out hope for a miracle and then their prayers were answered.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0405/07/ltm.01.html (3360 words)

	BBC News Online \| Sci \| Meteor Crater formation revisited
		It is certainly the most studied, and was the first terrestrial crater identified as a meteorite impact scar.
		But Melosh and Collins have now used a new, simple model to show the original body slowed up enormously on hitting the atmosphere, and almost certainly broke up into a pancake-shaped cloud of clustered fragments.
		The scientists say their calculations are borne out by the recovery of small, un-melted iron fragments around the crater and by the surprisingly small amount of rock melted by the impact.
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/pda/sci/tech/newsid_4330000/newsid_4333600/4333635.htm (497 words)

	What Happened at Meteor Crater? :: Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life in the Universe
		Melosh and Collins used their sophisticated mathematical models in analyzing how the meteorite would have broken up and decelerated as it plummeted down through the atmosphere.
		Melosh noted that mining engineer Daniel M. Barringer (1860-1929), for whom Meteor Crater is named, mapped chunks of the iron space rock weighing between a pound and a thousand pounds in a 6-mile-diameter circle around the crater.
		The intact half of the Meteor Crater meteorite exploded with at least 2.5 megatons of energy on impact, or the equivalent of 2.5 tons of TNT.
	www.astrobio.net /news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1479 (786 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		COLLINS: We are already hearing a little bit about the possibility that he will be apologizing to Congress for keeping them in the dark, if you will.
		COLLINS: A new audiotape containing a message purportedly from Osaka bin Laden has surfaces, and for the first time, the al Qaeda leader offers a material reward to anyone who kills certain U.S. and U.N. officials.
		COLLINS: I know you're an avid hiker, but you were with a couple of friends who just plain would not give up on you.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0405/07/ltm.05.html (6664 words)

	Mars Student Imaging Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		There is a difference between an implosion (a crater), and an explosion (a mountain/volcano) on Mars.
		Actually there are many, such as: A crater in an indention in the surface of the planet, while a volcano is an elevated area, rising off the surface of the planet.
		A volcano has a caldera, or crater, at its top, that is formed from multiple eruptions, giving it a unique shape.
	msip.asu.edu /schools.php?selection=293 (131 words)

	calamity from the skies && a shrine to jenova of final fantasy vii ...
		The party return to the City in disc 2, with Bugenhagen, to activate the image waterfall using the Key to the Ancients (just before the Sister Ray is moved to Midgar and the party fight the Diamond Weapon).
		According to the Collins English dictionary, "geology" refers to the science of the Earth's crust and rocks; and a "stratum" is simply a layer - so the full phrase, a "geolocical stratum", is a layer of rock in the Earth's crust.
		The huge Crater in the North of the Planet, surrounded by snow and close to Icicle Town and the Chocobo Ranch.
	jenova.org /jenova/glossary.shtml (1596 words)

	States - DyeStat high school track and field and cross country
		Crater 6 49 56 60 91 (95)(119) = 262 Kendel Nelson, Kristin Haga, Laurie Stoutenburgh, Jenna Cunningham, Riley Swanson, Mary Vansteenberghe, Olivia Clark 13.
		Isaac Stoutenberg of Crater has the best time in the state thus far and was very impressive in the Danner meet, yet until he made a wrong turn the thought was that Kenyon Newman of Summit looked the most fluid.
		If Jesuit is solid then Crater would appear to be distinctly formidable given both their depth and front-runners and, in spite of the coaches' poll, they appear to be a solid guess for second.
	www.dyestat.com /3state/r7nw/4xc/or6nov-statemeet.htm (6601 words)

	Alaska's Deep Impact on the North Slope, Alaska Science Forum
		Weber and Collins followed their hunch and wrote a USGS paper on what has become known as Avak, the only impact crater confirmed in Alaska.
		Geologists know the crater exists because it's revealed in the core samples and a large circular shape has shown up on seismic and other geophysical surveys.
		Buck Sharpton, a professor at the Geophysical Institute who studies impact craters, said the speeding celestial body struck the shallow ocean that covered the North Slope with a shock 10,000 times as powerful as an atomic bomb.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF14/1460.html (520 words)

	Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal : Images
		Mehring notes that portions of the near rim of the cluster of overlapping craters west of the landing site are visible from the surface at the LM, as can be seen in a comparison of a detail from 5447 with portions of frames 5882 and 5882a from Buzz's plus-Z pan.
		Craters 216 and 217 from lunar orbit prior to the landing.
		This crater is to the right beyond the TV camera, on a continuation of the line from the US flag to the TV camera, in AS11-37- 5516.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/alsj/a11/images11.html (8710 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| New insight offered into formation of Yucatan crater
		Gareth Collins, a postgraduate student in the TH Huxley School of the Environment, Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College, announced the results of his computer modelling at the Geological Society of America annual meeting in Nevada on November 14.
		The Chicxulub crater is thought to have resulted from an impact with an asteroid or comet 65 million years ago.
		Dr Jo Morgan, Mr Collins' supervisor in the Geophysics Research Group, TH Huxley School, explained, "Improved understanding of large-impact crater formation will enable us to assess the environmental effects of such impacts and to determine whether this impact was the dominant force driving the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period."
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0011/20crater (759 words)

	Geological Society - News - Missing melt mystery solved (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Dwain Eldred writes: The iron meteorite that blasted out Meteor Crater almost 50,000 years ago was traveling much slower than has been assumed, University of Arizona Regents' Professor H. Jay Melosh and Gareth Collins of Imperial College London report in the cover article of Nature today.
		Melosh and Collins used their sophisticated mathematical models in analysing how the meteorite would have broken up and decelerated as it plummeted down through the atmosphere.
		Melosh and Collins began analysing the Meteor Crater impact after running the numbers in their Web-based "impact effects" calculator, an online program they developed for the general public.
	www.geolsoc.org.uk /template.cfm?name=Barringer (724 words)

	The History Place - Apollo 11
		Right - The crewmen leave the Kennedy Space Center's Manned Spacecraft Operations Building during the prelaunch countdown, then are loaded into the van for the drive to Launch Complex 39A.
		The crater Maskelyne is the large one at the lower right.
		Astronaut Michael Collins had remained in the command module in orbit while his fellow crewmen explored the lunar surface.
	www.historyplace.com /unitedstates/apollo11 (1003 words)

	Scientists Solve Mystery of Meteor Crater's Missing Melted Rocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Meteor Crater, Ariz. - Aerial view to the west-northwest from Meteor Crater across Canyon Diablo.
		The iron meteorite that blasted out Meteor Crater almost 50,000 years ago was traveling much slower than has been assumed, University of Arizona Regents' Professor H. Jay Melosh and Gareth Collins of the Imperial College London report in Nature (March 10).
		The intact half of the Meteor Crater meteorite exploded with at least 2.5 megatons of energy on impact, or the equivalent of 2.5 million tons of TNT.
	uanews.org /cgi-bin/WebObjects/UANews.woa/4/wa/SRStoryDetails?ArticleID=10766 (818 words)

	FULL PUBLICATIONS LIST
		Collins, R. Greeley and the Galileo Imaging Team, Tectonic Resurfacing on Ganymede and its Role in the Formation of Grooved Terrain, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXVIII, 535-536, 1997.
		Collins, L. Prockter and the Galileo Imaging Team, Nippur Sulcus Region, Ganymede: Nature of High-Latitude Groove Lanes and Their Relation to Marius Regio from Galileo SSI Data, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXVIII, 537-538, 1997.
		Collins, L. Prockter, C. Weitz and the Galileo Imaging Team, Marius Regio Groove Lane, Ganymede: Nature of Dark Terrain and Relationship to Groove Terrain Formation, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXVIII, 539-540, 1997.
	www.planetary.brown.edu /planetary/publications_list/full_list.html (16465 words)

	Trail results for
		One of the easiest and most pleasant trails in Rocky Mountain National Park is relatively uncrowded because of logistical complications in arranging transportation at both ends of the trail.
		Fort Collins hikers know this special, out-of-the-way place for alpine lakes, uncrowded trails and 12,000-foot peaks.
		Rock Cut is the highest trailhead in Rocky Mountain National Park and one of the busiest.
	www.trails.com /AdvancedFind.asp?GeoSearch=1&Lat=40.66475&lon=-105.810117&Distance=25&Activities=HK,WK&OrderBy=Distance (990 words)

	Computer modelling offers new insight into the formation of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico \| SpaceRef - Your Space ...
		Gareth Collins, a postgraduate student in the TH Huxley School of the Environment, Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College, will announce the results of his computer modelling at the Geological Society of America annual meeting in Nevada on 14 November.
		Mr Collins used the results from the Chicxulub Seismic Experiment (see notes to editor 2), which provided new insight into the kinematics of complex crater formation, to design novel computer simulations of the Chicxulub crater.
		Complex craters exhibit somewhat unintuitive structures such as central peaks, or an inner 'peaked' ring, terraced rim walls and outer concentric faulted zones.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=3053 (1122 words)

	SPACE.com -- Catastrophe Calculator: Estimate Asteroid Impact Effects Online
		Meteor Crater near Winslow, Arizona is a favorite tourist stopover, but also a less-than-gentle reminder that Earth is in the strike zone of large space rocks.
		That 600-foot-deep (180-meter) hole in the ground, popular now with tourists, is less than 50,000 years old and was created by a space rock so small that another one like it might not be noticed until it hits.
		A nearly mile-wide crater is dug in New Jersey.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040412.html (1530 words)

	Atomic Veteran: Dan Collins, Eniwetok Clean Up
		Vegetation grew on Runit just like on other islands, but near the twin craters, some of the vines were orange.
		The dirt would be mixed with concrete and pumped into an existing crater (s).
		As the concrete was being pumped into the crater the debris would be dropped into the crater.
	www.aracnet.com /~pdxavets/collins.htm (2523 words)

	CSU Hayward: Hawaiian Geology
		Debbie, Ted, Angelo, and Shawn having lunch on a lava table in Kilauea Iki Crater.
		The "ring" on the crater walls marks the level of the crater floor before subsidence.
		Near Halema'uma'u crater, the air was filled with the pungent stench of sulfur.
	www.sci.csuhayward.edu /~jseitz/4850/CD/photos.html (617 words)

	Space News
		Scientists have discovered why there isn't much impact-melted rock at Meteor Crater in northern Arizona.
		Previous research supposed that the meteorite hit the surface at a velocity between about 34,000 mph and 44, 000 mph (15 km/sec and 20 km/sec).
		The program tells users how an asteroid or comet collision will affect a particular location on Earth by calculating several environmental consequences of the impact.
	www.news-about-space.org /story/3321.html (730 words)

	News in Science - Arizona meteor crater mystery solved - 11/03/2005
		The rock that smashed into the US state of Arizona around 49,000 years ago with the power of more than 150 Hiroshima bombs was just a fragment of a space Goliath, say planetary scientists.
		Professor Jay Melosh of the University of Arizona and Dr Gareth Collins of Imperial College, London report in this week's issue of the journal Nature, they have resolved an enduring puzzle about one of the most-studied impact sites in the world: Meteor Crater, located near Flagstaff in the Arizona desert.
		The piece that created Meteor Crater was probably around 20 metres across and hit the ground at 43,000 kilometres per hour, releasing the equivalent force of 2.5 megatons of TNT, or at least 150 times the "Little Boy" atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945, the study suggests.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1321259.htm (467 words)

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