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	Collodion - LoveToKnow 1911
		To preserve collodion it should be kept cool and out of the action of the light; iodized collodion that has been discoloured by the development of free iodine may be purified by the immersion in it of a strip of silver foil.
		Collodion is used in surgery since, when painted on the skin, it rapidly dries and covers the skin with a thin film which contracts as it dries and therefore affords both pressure and protection.
		Collodion and crystals of carbolic acid, taken in equal parts, are useful in relieving toothache due to the presence of a carious cavity.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Collodion (367 words)

	Collodion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Collodion is a solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone, sometimes with the addition of alcohols.
		Collodion was widely used to glue electrodes to the head for electroencephalography until the 1990s.
		Collodion is also used in theatrical makeup for various effects, such as simulating old-age wrinkles or scars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collodion (273 words)

	Photography - The Introduction Of Collodion
		Collodion is a viscid compound composed of soluble pyroxyline dissolved in ether, to which alcohol is added.
		Collodion gradually pushed its way, and by 1854 its use had superseded almost all other methods with the general photographer; for by this time photography had become a profession.
		With collodion, too, the amateur was able to take the subject up, and during the next few years photography became very popular with people who love a hobby, and who, in the case of photography, did a great deal towards perfecting its methods.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles16/photography-9.shtml (1624 words)

	No. 608: Collodion
		Collodion is a close relative to gun-cotton, and so was the first celluloid.
		He could use collodion, which was already explosive, to stabilize nitroglycerin.
		Collodion may have been a primitive ancestor of the Band-Aid.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi608.htm (459 words)

	JAIC 1991, Volume 30, Number 1, Article 5 (pp. 41 to 73)
		The collodion negative was ideally suited for use with the albumen printing process, which predominated during the 19th century.
		The collodion process was commonly used in the United States from 1855 until about 1880, when the more convenient gelatin dry-plate negative became popular (Reilly 1986).
		To coat the collodion negative, the plate was normally held at one corner between finger and thumb.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic30-01-005_3.html (344 words)

	Collodion Optics Cleaning - Article
		Collodion is a nitrocellulose, ethyl alcohol, and ether solution that has been around since 1846.
		The technique for cleaning optical surfaces with Collodion was apparently discovered in 1964 by a James B. McDaniel, who indicated that it produced "Perhaps the most complete cleaning of an optical surface short of doing an ion glow discharge cleaning in a vacuum bell jar."**.
		It was also indicated that Collodion does not adhere as efficiently to a lens as to a mirror; if that's the case, I'd hate to try this on a primary mirror - it may never come off.
	www.cloudynights.com /item.php?item_id=1304 (1227 words)

	COLLODION (from the Gr... - Online Information article about COLLODION (from the Gr...
		collodion differs according to the proportions of alcohol and ether and the nature of the pyroxylin it contains.
		left by collodion containing a large quantity of alcohol is soft and easily torn; but in hot climates the presence of an excess of alcohol is an See also:
		Collodion is applied to small aseptic wounds, to small-pox pustules, and occasionally to the end of the urethra in boys in See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CLI_COM/COLLODION_from_the_Gr_M_a_glue_.html (599 words)

	JAIC 1991, Volume 30, Number 1, Article 5 (pp. 41 to 73)
		It is possible that custodians of collodion negatives have mistaken fl-colored collodion negatives for gelatin dry plates of original collodion negatives for duplicate negatives.
		Confusing the thin, smooth, and virtually two-dimensional collodion layer with the relatively thick and often uneven varnish coating, authors have given descriptions such as, “The emulsion coating layer is often uneven and in raking light shows swirls, thick or thin areas” (Witkin and London 1979, 34).
		Although virtually all collodion negatives were varnished for protection from abrasion, the varnish layer may be quite thin and difficult to see with the unaided eye.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic30-01-005_4.html (1505 words)

	The History of Wetplate "Collodion" Photography
		In efforts to advance photography in the mid-19th century, Fredrick Scott Archer, an English sculptor and photographer, experimented with collodion in the hope of producing a photographic negative on ordinary glass plates.
		Collodion, a thick and syrupy liquid, is made by dissolving nitrated cotton in a mixture of alcohol and ether.
		Once the salts, such as potassium iodide, were in the mixture of collodion, the viscous liquid was poured onto the plate.
	www.collodion-artist.com /History (523 words)

	Scully & Osterman: Q & A
		Collodion, containing small amounts of iodides and bromides, is poured onto a scrupulously clean piece of clear glass to produce an even coating.
		The collodion is allowed to flow to all four corners of the plate and care must be taken not to double coat areas or ridges may form in the final negative.
		Before the ether and alcohol evaporates from the collodion, the plate is taken to the darkroom (with a red window) and dipped into a solution of silver nitrate, where it remains for at least four minutes.
	www.collodion.org /q&a.html (871 words)

	Chapter 19. Wet Collodion Process
		IF the collodionized plate, after sensitization in the silver bath, is exposed whilst still moist, the process by which the image is obtained, is called the Wet Collodion process; whereas if the sensitized plates are dried, and used afterward at any indefinite time, the process of the operation is denominated the Dry Collodion process.
		Collodion is apt to indurate around the orifice of the bottle; and if this dry film is not carefully removed every time, it may cause trouble by flowing off in fragments along with the collodion, and thus spoil the collodion film.
		If the collodion is nearly colorless and new, this material is probably the cause of the want of contrast in the picture, of the feebleness in the development, and, it is possible, of the veil that covers the whole plate.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap19.html (3205 words)

	Early Photographic Processes - Wet Collodion
		Collodion is a solution of gun cotton (nitrocellulose) in ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether.
		The wet collodion plate had to be processed within minutes of exposed in the camera, and before its coating dried.
		Below is a list of chemicals for the Collodion and Albumen glass processes, taken from the catalogue of Bland and Long published in 1856.
	www.edinphoto.org.uk /1_early/1_early_photography_-_processes_-_wet_collodion.htm (1271 words)

	Collodion process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The definite advantage was that the collodion plate had a depth of detail and sharpness unprecedented.
		Collodion is basically cotton dissolved in nitric acid and sulphuric acid forming cellulose tetra nitrate.
		Drip the collodion on a glass plate and move it until it is completely covered by it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collodion_process (934 words)

	Chapter 7. Collodion
		Collodion is a solution of gun-cotton in ether and alcohol; and guncotton, of which there are several varieties, is cotton or linen fiber (that is, cellulose or lignine) altered by combination with peroxide of nitrogen and probably with nitric acid.
		Collodion containing a small proportion of water is thick and flows unevenly, and when dry is not quite transparent; whilst the film from anhydrous collodion is very thin, transparent, and uniform, and flows on the surface of glass very easily.
		Any little particles of dust that may fall on the plate are liable to produce with this collodion transparent specks on the positive or negative.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap07.html (1652 words)

	A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: COLLODION process, The
		Collodion was a viscous liquid - guncotton dissolved in ether and alcohol - which had only been invented in 1846, but which quickly found a use during the Crimean war; when it dried it formed a very thin clear film, which was ideal for dressing and protecting wounds.
		Collodion was just the answer as far as photography was concerned, for it would provide the binding which was so badly needed.
		First the collodion had to be spread carefully over the entire plate.
	www.rleggat.com /photohistory/history/collodio.htm (822 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		A new born with an encasement of shiny, tight inelastic scale, resembling oiled parchment is designated as having collodion membrane, which is subsequently shed.
		The collodion membrane is composed of greatly thickened stratum corneium that has been saturated with water.
		As the water content evaporates in extrauterine life, large fissures appear in the membrane and the membrane is shed, revealing red skin underneath.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /dec2001/dec-1428.htm (322 words)

	collodion - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		collodion, solution of pyroxylin in a mixture of alcohol and ether.
		Upon exposure to air, the solvents evaporate, leaving a thin, colorless, elastic film on any surface upon which the collodion has been spread.
		Collodion is the forerunner of the lacquer paints that are now widely used in the automobile industry.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-collodio.html (211 words)

	LSU Libraries - Special Collections - Andrew David Lytle, photographic artist - Equipment and Process
		The plate had to be prepared, exposed, and developed while the collodion remained wet.
		hotographic collodion is a mixture of raw cotton treated with nitric and sulfuric acids and then dissolved in ether and alcohol, with a little iodide and bromide mixed in.
		Pours the collodion onto a glass plate and then tilts the plate to evenly coat the entire surface with the solution.
	www.lib.lsu.edu /special/exhibits/Lytle/equipment.html (600 words)

	Collodion Vapor Monitor / Monitoring Badge - EMT
		EMT's Collodion Monitoring Kit includes one vapor monitor / monitoring badge, detailed instructions, a monitoring information form, and a shipping label.
		NIOSH Recommended exposure limit (REL) for collodion is not established.
		ACGIH Threshold limit value (TLV) of 400 ppm (1210 mg/m(3)) as a TWA for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek and a short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 500 ppm (1520 mg/m(3)) for periods not to exceed 15 minutes.
	www.emt-online.com /ProductPages/Collodion.htm (211 words)

	Collodion Consulting Limited - About Us
		Collodion Consulting Limited is a specialist consultancy company that provides Management Consultancy and Project Management services.
		Established in 2004 Collodion advises on a range of services that support our clients throughout their entire property need.
		Collodion works with you to achieve the appropriate solution for your business need.
	www.collodion.co.uk (130 words)

	Kevin Klein - Wet-Plate Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wet-plate collodion photography, first used in the 1850s, is one of the earliest photographic processes.
		To create a collodion negative, the wet-plate image is produced on a transparent glass plate, which can then be used for printing on photosensitive paper in the same way as modern film negatives.
		To create an ambrotype (a collodion positive) the wet-plate image is produced on a glass plate which is either of a dark color, or is darkened behind the image.
	cwfp.biz /kevinklein/collodion.html (390 words)

	Images on Glass: Collodion Wet Plates and Gelatin Dry Plates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Immediate developing and fixing were necessary because, after the collodion film had dried, it became waterproof and the reagent solutions could not penetrate it.
		Collodion wet plate negatives have a gray-cream tonal range and are low in contrast - often showing uneven emulsion in corners.
		The process, introduced in about 1880, superseded the wet collodion process, in which a wet negative was produced from a nitrocellulose (collodion) solution applied to a glass plate immediately prior to exposure.
	slisweb.lis.wisc.edu /~hamuir/678/glass.html (1844 words)

	Shutterbug: Alexander Gardner
		One of the most versatile substances discovered in the 19th century, collodion was a thick syrupy liquid made by dissolving nitrated cotton in an alcohol/ether mixture.
		Each photographer had a traveling darkroom so that the collodion plates could be processed on the spot.
		But coupled with his mastery of the collodion process, his efforts produced a series of particularly life-like images.
	www.shutterbug.net /features/1104sb_alexander/index1.html (893 words)

	Collodion baby. DermNet NZ
		Collodion baby is the name given to a baby who is born encased in a skin that resembles a yellow, tight and shiny film or dried collodion (sausage skin).
		The collodion membrane is due to abnormal desquamation (a peeling process).
		It is due to mutation of certain genes and is usually an autosomal recessive, congenital ichthyosis (scaly skin condition).
	www.dermnetnz.org /scaly/collodion.html (361 words)

	How Collodion Is Now
		Collodion continued to be used in photography after it was replaced by gelatin emulsions, as hardened collodion was one of the first film base materials used for gelatin films.
		Collodion was in some ways a superior material, producing results that were sharper and apparently less grainy than gelatine emulsions.
		Long after it was made obsolete for general photography following the introduction of gelatine dry plates, collodion continued to be used for copy work in commercial practice.
	www.angelfire.com /film/wetcollodion/Reason.html (92 words)

	George Berkhofer Collodion Photographer
		A collodion containing ammonium iodide, of course, tends to deteriorate quite quickly, so a stabilizing factor was needed.
		In addition, the slight degree of solubility of potassium bromide in collodion suggested that another bromide be substituted for it.
		I prefer Lea's Landscape Collodion #7 for every purpose, but others prefer to use mixtures which include potassium iodide and a little water to effect the solution of any potassium bromide formed as a byproduct.
	www.collodionart.com /bio.htm (1776 words)

	Chapter 22. Collodion Negatives
		A COLLODION negative is an actinic impression, in which the different parts of the image are, as in the positives just described, laterally inverted, and, when viewed by transmitted light, the shades are where the lights ought to be, and vice versa.
		It is the matrix from which positives are obtained by direct contact, either on glass, or on paper, as also by means of the lens in the ordinary, or in the solar camera.
		In consequence of this want of definite knowledge of the prime cause that institutes the actino-physical changes in the iodo-sensitized collodion film, it will frequently happen that the developed image is not perfect; the shades are not endowed with sufficient opacity.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap22.html (1394 words)

	The Wet Collodion Process: Interesting Thing of the Day
		Collodion is a thick, sticky, clear, gelatinous substance.
		Archer’s innovation was to coat a glass plate with a mixture of collodion and potassium iodide, and then dip the plate into a silver nitrate solution to make it light-sensitive.
		Almost overnight, the daguerreotype and the calotype became obsolete; the wet collodion process went on to dominate photography for nearly 30 years.
	itotd.com /articles/541/the-wet-collodion-process (1135 words)

	'+alt+'
		Collodion film is a very popular sample preparation medium. It is conveniently available on a microscope slide and can be reconstituted instantly (made lightly viscous) with a single drop of amyl acetate. Small drops of the reconstituted sample on the end of a tungsten needle are used for isolating, characterizing and preparing small particles for further analysis.
		If the particles or substrate dissolve in amyl acetate, the following options are available: drops of the flexible collodion solution as received, which contain ether and ethanol, can be used instead.
		A 1:1 flexible collodion solution and ethanol are heated in a water bath at about 40°C with constant stirring until no more bubbles of ether are coming off. The resulting solution should be used within the next few hours because the solution does not keep.
	www.modernmicroscopy.com /main.asp?article=46 (257 words)

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