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Collodion process

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	The History of Wetplate "Collodion" Photography
		Collodion, a thick and syrupy liquid, is made by dissolving nitrated cotton in a mixture of alcohol and ether.
		Once the salts, such as potassium iodide, were in the mixture of collodion, the viscous liquid was poured onto the plate.
		The ambrotype, made by the wet plate collodion process, is simply an underexposed glass plate negative.
	www.collodion-artist.com /History (523 words)

	collodion - Encyclopedia.com
		Collodion is the forerunner of the lacquer paints that are now widely used in the automobile industry.
		Collodion (Wet Plate) on Glass Negative Collodion is widely used to generate negatives but is...
		Greater exposure The process Frith used, collodion, was a viscous liquid derived from dissolving...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-collodio.html (999 words)

	Photography - The Introduction Of Collodion
		Collodion is a viscid compound composed of soluble pyroxyline dissolved in ether, to which alcohol is added.
		Collodion gradually pushed its way, and by 1854 its use had superseded almost all other methods with the general photographer; for by this time photography had become a profession.
		With collodion, too, the amateur was able to take the subject up, and during the next few years photography became very popular with people who love a hobby, and who, in the case of photography, did a great deal towards perfecting its methods.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles16/photography-9.shtml (1624 words)

	Glossary of processing terms (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The albumen on paper process was widely used throughout the second half of the 19th century as the principal process for photographic printing by both amateur and commercial photographers.
		A generic term for any collodion process that used honey as a preservative to render the collodion 'dry', by slowing the rate of evaporation from the plate.
		Collodion processes were most commonly coated on glass and applied to the making of either negatives or positives on this surface.
	www.peib.org.uk /about/glossary.php (2730 words)

	JAIC 1991, Volume 30, Number 1, Article 5 (pp. 41 to 73)
		The collodion negative was ideally suited for use with the albumen printing process, which predominated during the 19th century.
		The collodion process was commonly used in the United States from 1855 until about 1880, when the more convenient gelatin dry-plate negative became popular (Reilly 1986).
		To coat the collodion negative, the plate was normally held at one corner between finger and thumb.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic30-01-005_3.html (344 words)

	glossary.htm
		(collodion positive) a unique positive photographic process used primarily in the 1850s, a collodian negative on glass, the image produced is whitish in tone but when placed over a fl opaque surface appears as a positive; often hand colored portraits.
		Collodion (a derivative of gun cotton that has been dissolved in alcohol and ether and then mixed with potassium iodide and potassium bromide) is a viscous fluid that forms a transparent film when the solvents evaporate.
		The dry-collodion process, in use from the mid-1850s to the mid-1860s, was a variant of the wet-collodion process, but the exposure time was almost six times as long and dry-collodion plates never became widely popular.
	www.dac.neu.edu /printmaking/glossary.htm (4998 words)

	Glossary
		Collodion - The collodion wet-plate process was invented by Fredrick Scott Archer in 1848, published in 1851, and practiced as the most popular negative process from the mid 1850's until the 1880's, when it was superseded by the gelatin dye plate.
		Although the glass was fragile and the process was awkward (having to be performed quickly and in the dark while the plate was still wet) the advantages greatly outweighed the disadvantages.
		Photomechanical processes are often able to produce rich tonal values and are therefore sometimes the most admired prints of a particular image, prized by the photographer and the collector alike.
	www.laurencemillergallery.com /glossary.htm (2386 words)

	Chapter 36. Dry Collodion Process--Dry Processes
		Several processes have been discovered which are more or less successful, and all very practical; but it must be confessed that the same degree of sensitiveness in the dry process has not yet been attained as in the wet process--instantaneous pictures are the result only of the latter.
		Immediately before the collodion is flowed upon the plate, it is dusted with a silk cloth, and then with the broad camel's hair pencil.
		This process, like the two preceding, is a mere modification of the Taupenot process, the principal difference between this and the Taupenot being that the plate is sensitized only once.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap36.html (3417 words)

	Chapter 6
		The wet plate process survived for more than two decades because it took that long for a dry plate to be invented that approached or surpassed the sensitivity of wet collodion.
		Collodion plates were hand-coated by the user at the time of use, and film thickness often varied at the edges because of uneven drainage, and the fact that collodion would not adhere to as-cut edges (scored and broken).
		Collodion is creamy or milky by reflection and a neutral fl by transmission.
	www.sharlot.org /archives/photographs/19th/book/chapter_6.html (3266 words)

	Glossary
		The process flourished in the early part of the 20th century when many photographers engaged in complex processes that required hand-rendered manipulations in order to bolster their claims of photography’s aesthetic properties.
		Collodion on glass negatives were made by coating glass plates with collodion, a sticky substance to which light-sensitive silver salts could adhere.
		Although ways to slow the drying time of the collodion were developed, thereby allowing the plates to be prepared farther in advance of their use, these so-called "dry-plate" collodion negatives produced inconsistent results and required longer exposure times than wet-plate negatives, hampering efforts to commercially produce and market such plates.
	www.geh.org /taschen/htmlsrc/glossary.html (4970 words)

	Photography Terms
		A collodion glass negative was bleached, causing the darkened areas to appear as a white metallic silver.
		An early process of paper photography where paper sensitized by potassium iodide and silver nitrate (forming silver iodide) was washed with a mixture of gallic acid and silver nitrate and exposed in a camera.
		The most important disadvantages to the process were that the exposure had to be taken while the plate was still moist and developing had to be done very soon after exposing.
	web.utk.edu /~twh/terms.htm (2693 words)

	Lost and Found: Terms & Technologies: Tintype: There is No Tin in a Tintype
		A wet-plate collodion process produced on a thin iron plate--named the melainotype (melaino, meaning dark or fl) or ferrotype (ferro, referring to iron) and popularly called the tintype--was developed in Ohio in the early 1850s.
		Preparation of collodion was often a matter of experimentation: the solution had to be translucent and free of floating particles and at the same time thick enough to create a coating on the iron plate.
		After the collodion had semi-hardened to a tacky surface, the plate was sensitized in an "exciting" bath consisting of silver nitrate, potassium iodide, nitric acid, and distilled water.
	imsc.usc.edu /haptics/LostandFound/terms_tintype.html (654 words)

	A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: COLLODION process, The
		Collodion was a viscous liquid - guncotton dissolved in ether and alcohol - which had only been invented in 1846, but which quickly found a use during the Crimean war; when it dried it formed a very thin clear film, which was ideal for dressing and protecting wounds.
		Collodion was just the answer as far as photography was concerned, for it would provide the binding which was so badly needed.
		It is often known as the wet plate collodion process for this reason.
	www.rleggat.com /photohistory/history/collodio.htm (822 words)

	AlternativePhotography.com : the wetplate collodion process
		This description of the wet plate process is the procedure to make a wet plate image ASSUMING that one has collected the special equipment to do the process AND that one has gathered and mixed the chemistry necessary to the process.
		This is poured on just as the collodion was except the varnish and plate need to be at 110 degrees F for things to work correctly.
		Collodion is a mixture of Ethyl Ether, Ethyl Alcohol, nitrocellulose and trace amounts of an iodide and bromide.
	www.alternativephotography.com /process_wetplate.html (1717 words)

	wetplateprocess
		collodion process (gun cotton in alcohol and ether that forms a clear film on the glass after the solvents evaporate), invented in 1856 by English sculptor named Frederick Scott Archer.
		Matthew Brady also used collodion to capture the Civil War, and this process is still used today for civil war re-enactment photography.
		When the collodion process was invented, it was used to capture the Transit of Venus, as mathematicians and astronomers calculated the distance between the earth and the sun, and also the circumpherence of the earth.
	jimages.com /wetplateprocess.htm (854 words)

	The Wet Plate Collodion Photography of Robert Szabo
		Collodion, a sticky solution, is poured onto the plate to form a thin layer that evenly coats the plate, with all excess removed.
		In a darkroom where the only light used comes through a red glass filter, the plate is then immersed into a bath of silver nitrate for several minutes.
		This is due to the blue light sensitivity of the process.
	www.robertszabo.com /process.html (466 words)

	Early Photographic Processes - Wet Collodion
		The wet collodion process continued to be widely used until dry plates became widely available in the 1880s.
		The comments from Ken are based on his own interest in the wet collodion process, and his practical experience in using this process.
		Despite the difficulties associated with the wet collodion process, this process and its freedom from copyright throughout Britain brought photography to the masses.
	www.edinphoto.org.uk /1_early/1_early_photography_-_processes_-_wet_collodion.htm (1271 words)

	ORDER
		They are, however, an entirely different photographic process secured on a piece of glass as opposed to the piece of silvered copper plate used for a daguerreotype.
		Iodized collodion poured on the glass formed a sticky coating, which was then sensitized with silver nitrate, and exposed in the camera while wet.
		Collodion was made from gun cotton (cotton soaked in nitric and sulfuric acid and dried) dissolved into a mixture of alcohol, ether, and potassium iodide.
	www.historybroker.com /gloss.html (1112 words)

	Collodion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Collodion is a solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone, sometimes with the addition of alcohols.
		Collodion was widely used to glue electrodes to the head for electroencephalography until the 1990s.
		Collodion is also used in theatrical makeup for various effects, such as simulating old-age wrinkles or scars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collodion (292 words)

	Collodion process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the first widely used image to negative process and together with the invention of albumen paper they made a unbeatable team for many decades.
		This process was also known as the wet plate process because the plate had to be used before the photographic emulsion dried.
		Collodion is basically cotton dissolved in nitric acid and sulphuric acid forming cellulose tetra nitrate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collodion_process (899 words)

	Inductee Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Known as the inventor of the first practical photographic process to be both sharp and easily reproducible, Frederick Scott Archer was born in England.
		Though Archer was trained in the calotype process, he was unsatisfied with the texture and unevenness of the paper negative.
		Images created using the collodion wet plate process were sharp like the daguerreotype, easily reproducible like the calotype, and enabled photographers to dramatically reduce exposure times.
	www.iphf.org /inductees/FSArcher.htm (331 words)

	Frederick Scott Archer
		William Henry Fox Talbot claimed that Archer's process was covered by his own Calotype patent,Talbot was aggressive in issuing public warnings and for awhile was successful in suing photographers who used the collodion process without obtaining a license from him.
		Ultimately, Archer was deemed the inventor of the collodion process because he was the first to publish a formula and method that others could follow.
		Archer is recognised as the inventor of the wet-plate process because he understood the significance of collodion as a photographic binder and was the first to put together a workable method and publish it.
	www.dunniway.com /archer (1547 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Collodion images were not the FIRST method of chemically capturing reflected light on a portable surface.
		John Coffer was not only the first of a new generation of photographers (many of whom he taught) using the antique collodion process, he's also something of an antique himself--if not chronologically at least in lifestyle.
		He continues teaching the collodion process and now, for the first time, is finding the time to use it as an art medium.
	users.1st.net /jimlane/2000arch/8-27-00.html (560 words)

	Newer Processes & Kodak!
		Frederick Archer invented the Collodion process in 1851, which heralded a new era in the history of photography.
		Collodion was a viscous liquid that formed a thin clear film when it dried out.
		Firstly, the exposure time required by the Collodion process was significantly lower than that of the Calotype process.
	www.thehistoryofphotography.com /processes.html (475 words)

	Leander McCormick Observatory, Hall of Precision Astrometry - History of Photography
		process, although Gustave le Gray (1820-1884) and Robert J. Bingham (1824-1870) earlier had suggested and experimented with the technique.
		This process produced a plate which had a much higher sensitivity than the early daguerrotypes, but it needed to be used as soon as it was made.
		The collodion plate at right was taken in Japan by Jules Janssen (1824-1907), later director of the Meudon Observatory.
	astsun.astro.virginia.edu /~rjp0i/museum/photography.html (2145 words)

	James White Collodion Plate and Doug seen stereoscopically.
		Collodion is made by treating cotton with nitric acid then dissolving it in a mixture of alcohol and ether to make a thick liquid which was used by surgeons to make collodion bandages.
		The camera exposure had to be made before the collodion dried out and so it was called the "collodion wet plate process." The plate was developed in acid and ferrous sulphate and then fixed in potassium cyanide.
		Daguerreotypes used a different process and were a "one-off." The collodion process made a negative and several prints could be made from it.
	members.tripod.com /~NZphoto/avillagelife/whitestore/whitestore3.htm (499 words)

	ECPA: To have and to hold: The collodion process
		The collodion process, also known as "wet plate" process, was the standard method from 1851until the late 1880s.
		The irregularities of the coating are best seen on the edges of the glass plates (or prints), the collodion coating is there oneven and sometimes the fingerprints of the photographer are visible.
		Collodion paper was a printing-out paper, very glossy and ideal for portaiture, but hard to process.
	www.knaw.nl /ecpa/photo/proces06.htm (361 words)

	Chapter Collin <i>to</i> Colonize of C by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		It is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a coating for wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography.
		a process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture.
		A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or ambrotype.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1194/22227/2.html (280 words)

	Photography, Improvement in, Collodion Process, Plates, Negatives, 1855
		Archer, the originator of the photographic collodion process, has been long working to render it more perfect, and to remove difficulties which all who make use of glass for negatives have experienced, not only from the weight of the glass, but from its liability to breakage, and other accidents happening to the picture film.
		A solution of gutta percha in benzole is poured over the collodion picture taken in the usual way; after being allowed to dry, which it does in a minute or two, the glass picture is then immersed in a dish of water, and the film immediately separates from the glass.
		Impressions from negatives thus treated are quite as clear and delicate as those produced from the collodion picture by the old method, and the negatives can be placed in closer contact with the prepared printing paper.
	www.londonancestor.com /iln/photographic-process.htm (265 words)

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