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Topic: Colluvium

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	USGS B 2123 -- Surficial Geology
		Three surficial units were mapped: undifferentiated alluvium and fine colluvial debris (Qal), colluvium (Qc), and alluvial terrace deposits (Qt).
		Large areas of coarse cobbles, boulders, and blocks of quartzite and metabasalt are shown (by overprint pattern) as colluvium on Blue Ridge-Elk Ridge and Short Hill-South Mountain.
		The colluvium is concentrated in hillslope depressions as boulder streams, boulder fields (fig.
	pubs.usgs.gov /bul/b2123/surface.html (255 words)

	Colluvium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colluvium is the name for loose bodies of sediment that has been deposited or built up at the bottom of a low grade slope or against a barrier on that slope, transported by gravity.
		Colluvium often interfingers with alluvium (deposits transported downslope by water).Coarse deposits due to rockfall at a cliff base are called talus and if lithified are talus breccias.
		Colluvium normally forms humps at the base of mountains or fan-shaped deposits similar in shape to alluvial fans that cover former ground surfaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colluvium (276 words)

	DPD - Seattle Landslide Study
		As colluvium accumulates on the bench, it becomes unstable due to groundwater pressure at the contact between the colluvium and the clay/silt (Lawton Clay), decreasing the frictional resistance to sliding.
		The factors contributing to instability are moderately steep to steep topography, private backyard fills and/or colluvium on the slope, and heavy rainfall (triggering cause) that saturates the loose soil and causes failure.
		Colluvium is also present along the lower portions of the hillsides in the Magnolia and Queen Anne study area. Particularly thick accumulations of colluvium occur along the Perkins Lane West area of Magnolia. Colluvium also forms a thin rind on steep slopes all around Magnolia and Queen Anne.
	www.cityofseattle.net /DPD/Landslide/Study/part3.asp (1447 words)

	Figure Captions
		Typically, the failure plane is at the colluvium- weathered bedrock or saprolite boundary.
		The proportion of the colluvium thickness that is saturated at failure (h/z) in the Mettman Ridge study area.
		The proportion of the colluvium thickness (h/z) that is saturated for a given log(q/T) at the Mettman Ridge.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~geomorph/shalstab/figures.htm (1461 words)

	EJGE Paper 0472 (2004)
		Although the clay materials from the colluvium would be impervious after compaction, it is thought that problems would be occurred when they used as core or homogeny fill material in an earth dam.
		Field observations emerged the thought of the colluvium extensively encountered in the study area to be used as an impervious material in structures.
		For this reason, index and compaction properties of 20 disturbed samples from colluvium were determined to evaluate the usefulness of the colluvium as an impervious material.
	www.ejge.com /2004/Ppr0472/Ppr0472.htm (2373 words)

	[No title]
		This earliest visible colluvium (I) was gullied, prior to being covered by the second colluvium (II) which in its base contains pockets of windblown sand in which small rounded fragments of pu mice (less than 2 mm diameter) are present.
		Therefore it is often found both underlying and overlying the lagoonal sediments in areas close to the lagoon.\par \par Colluvium II was gullied quite intensely prior to the deposition of the third colluvial layer, which like the upper parts of II contains abundant pottery.
		This is consistent with the dates obtained from radiocarbon dating.\par \par Hellenistic pottery (according to the other Donald) was observed at a height of 1.3m asl in section C, from which a date of 2240 was obtained for shells at a similar height.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~jfarrell/temp/dwhite (2987 words)

	E&PS 481/581 Problem 2 - Slope Stability
		Once the functions are entered, do your first calculation using the slope angle as measured, using an average value of colluvium thickness (h) of 4 m, and with saturated fraction = 0.
		In number 2 you simply changed thickness, but keep in mind that the slope angle might increase if more colluvium is added to the upper slope, or if the lower slope is cut away.
		The very steep roadcut face in the colluvium shows that this material can be at least temporarily stable at high slope angles, well above the angle of repose for this material, and sand and gravel are commonly referred to as cohesionless materials.
	epswww.unm.edu /facstaff/gmeyer/eps481/eps481prob2.htm (623 words)

	colluvium - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Colluvium is the name for loose bodies of sediment that have been deposited or built up at the bottom of a low grade slope or against a barrier on that slope, transported by...
		colluvium - definition of colluvium by the Free Online Dictionary...
		Celebrate 50 years of NASA on the Discovery Channel
	encarta.msn.com /colluvium.html (101 words)

	SIR - Water Management - Hummingbird Creek Debris Event
		The colluvium was identified as the "weakest link" in the slope stability system due to its reworked state and potential for shear strength reduction with increasing soil moisture content.
		The colluvium is identified as the "weakest link" in the slope stability system due to its reworked state, and its susceptibility to shear strength loss due to elevated porewater pressures.
		It would appear that the remnants of colluvium adjacent to these channels were not fully saturated throughout their entire depth, and thus failed at a higher plane of weakness within the colluvium.
	wlapwww.gov.bc.ca /sir/wm/eng/geomorph/humbird/hbfinal.html (14768 words)

	joel's hippoarium
		Rare exposures of 3 to 7 million year old buried hillslopes and hillslope sediment (colluvium) have been found in the desert of southern Nevada, and this is some of the first study of such deposits.
		Comparison of ancient and recent colluvium shows that climate-driven landscape changes millions of years ago were of the same style, but at different magnitudes, than those in the recent geologic past.
		Rare outcrops of pre-Quaternary buried hillslopes and colluvium have recently been found in proximal basin-fill exposures in the arid southwestern U.S. Study of the stratigraphy, sedimentology and petrology of these hillslope deposits, in settings free of tectonic influences, produces a record of variable hillslope-sediment production and delivery to piedmonts as a function of climate change.
	cc.usu.edu /~bolo/diss.html (928 words)

	Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program: Research Opportunities
		Pollen analyses of dated colluvium and drill cores from bogs provide a record of strongly fluctuating climate during the last 35,000 years, a record of climate change that is similar to the pattern seen in ice-core records from Greenland.
		Analyses of debris-flow colluvium containing charcoal fragments permits the calculation of an average recurrence interval for extreme hazardous events in the highlands area.
		The surficial geologic maps can be the basis for more detailed process studies, examination of exposed colluvium to examine the history of erosion, the principal mechanisms of regional denudation, the recurrence interval of debris flows in the area, and the effect of climate change on the recurrence and the character of the debris flows.
	geology.usgs.gov /postdoc/2004/opps/opp7.html (692 words)

	Summary of Citation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The colluvium consists of clayey silt with occasional boulders.
		Absence of soil horizons in colluvium suggests continuous deposition since the cirque was empty.
		Disseminated charcoal in colluvium at 74 cm has an age of 2,815 +/-140 carbon -14 years B.P. Assuming a constant rate of deposition the maximum age of the glacier would be about 6,700 yrs B.P. An early to middle Holocene age indicated.
	ngmdb.usgs.gov /Geolex/Refsmry/sumry_9421.html (273 words)

	Earthquake Hazards - External Research
		The trenches and stream banks exposed interfingered alluvial-fan deposits and scarp-derived colluvium on the western side of the fault, and fractured and sheared bedrock on the eastern side of the fault.
		The colluvium is overlain by an upper alluvium, as well as an upper scarp-derived colluvium.
		Late Quaternary surficial alluvium and colluvium was exposed in the central part of the trench, and extends below the 2-m-deep central part of the trench.
	erp-web.er.usgs.gov /reports/annsum/vol39/nc/g3012.htm (1687 words)

	Parks & Waterways Publications - Christchurch City Council
		They are formed from loess colluvium eroded by tunnel gullies and sheet wash from the slopes above.
		Scarborough hill (eroded phase) soils occur on the strongly rolling and moderately steep valley sides which are severely eroded by tunnel gully erosion (north-west aspect) or debris flows (south east aspects or seepage points).
		This soil type is very similar to Evans steepland soil and is mainly differentiated by the degree of slope on which it is formed.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /Parks/Publications/mp_barnettpark_5.asp (762 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abstract.-- Field observations show that measurable late winter and spring pore water pressure increases in a thin colluvium landslide complex along the Ohio River near Cincinnati occur when several centimetres of rain fall over a period of one or more days.
		Average pre-storm fillable porosity of 9 percent suggests that the colluvium was near saturation during the period of record.
		Dimensional analysis of flow through a sloping homogeneous layer of uniform thickness shows that short-term pore pressure fluctuations in very nearly saturated soils can be approximated by a one-dimensional linear diffusion equation.
	www.haneberg.com /Abstract_3.html (212 words)

	[No title]
		As an example, map unit cl on the surficial geologic map is represented by 13 different map units in 11 4° x 6° quadrangles.
		All 13 units were colluvium derived from clastic rocks (conglomerate, sandstone, quartzitic sandstone, siltstone, shale) in various combinations.
		The distinctions on the published maps at 1:1M scale are not warranted on this map at a nominal scale of 1:2M.
	geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov /metadata/map-i/2789/metadata.txt (2261 words)

	Zarahemla City Limits/Foyer archive, March 2004, part2
		Date Posted: 04/03/2004 5:34 PM I agree with you that the primary growth will be from within (the nurseries), but even that is going to slow drastically.
		If the Church reported membership as numbers of people who are active and participating, I would wager it is in decline.
		Date Posted: 04/05/2004 11:16 AM Colluvium, you rock.
	home.comcast.net /~zarahemla/archive/March2004_pt2.html (2697 words)

	Stratigraphy
		The glacial deposits are covered with slope-wash sediments or colluvium of sandy loam sediments with pebbles and occasional rounded cobbles.
		Soils here mostly display a thick Bt horizon with a cumulative A horizon, a B horizon formed in cultural colluvium, and a buried Bt horizon with accumulations of calcium carbonate (Btkb).
		Beneath the Btkb horizon is a layer of fluvioglacial sediments.
	anthro.fortlewis.edu /Darkmold/stratigraphy.htm (374 words)

	Surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees west longitude)
		Colluvium and loess (Colluvium of Holocene and late and middle Pleistocene age)
		Loamy disintegration residuum, sheetwash alluvium, and colluvium on sandstone, siltstone, and shale (Disintegration residuum of Holocene and late Wisconsin age)
		Loamy disintegration residuum, sheetwash alluvium, and colluvium on sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone,shale, and lignite (Disintegration residuum of Holocene and late Wisconsin age)
	geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov /metadata/map-i/2789/metadata.faq.html (6556 words)

	Landfill Setting Information
		The site is underlain by roughly 20 feet of colluvium deposits consisting of silty sand and sandy silt.
		Alluvial deposits underlie the colluvium and are up to 30 ft thick.
		Underlying the colluvium and alluvium are several sedimentary bedrock units including the Monterey, Pancho Rico, and Paso Robles Formations.
	www.ciwmb.ca.gov /Landfills/ComplyStudy/DB/setting.asp?ID=27-AA-0006 (95 words)

	Metadata for GIS dataset SDOVBDPY , Goodhue County Geologic Atlas, Part B: Minnesota DNR Waters: Minnesota DNR
		Till, alluvium, outwash, and colluvium less than 50 feet thick overlying bedrock.
		This is a polygon file of the overlay patterns found on Plate 9 indicating the distribution of outwash or colluvium, alluvium, or thin till (5 feet to 50 feet thick).
		Overlying sediment type: "outwsh/colluvium" refers to outwash or colluvium sediments; "alluvium" refers to alluvium; and "thintill" refers to till between 5 and 50 feet in depth below the land surface.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /waters/programs/gw_section/mapping/meta/cga/c12_good/sdovbdpy.html (517 words)

	Physical Geology lecture outline - Mass Wasting
		The alluvium is composed of well rounded and sorted, dark volcanic clasts from the upstream Absaroka volcanics that have been stacked into an imbricate pattern by river flow.
		Some larger colluvium blocks of lighter colored limestone that fell into the channel during deposition are preserved in the river alluvium.
		Above is the angular debris that came from the cliff slopes above and formed colluvium.
	maps.unomaha.edu /maher/geo117/part2/117masswasting.html (693 words)

	[No title]
		Qcs SHALE COLLUVIUM Silt, sand, clay, and shale fragments (as much as 10 feet thick).
		Qcsl SAND AND SILT COLLUVIUM Sand, silt, clay, minor Gravel (as much as 10 feet thick).
		May be overlain by thin, patchy sand, gravel, and silt colluvium.
	www.state.nj.us /dep/njgs/geodata/dgs97-2md.txt (1228 words)

	The View from the Foyer - 31 years of church statistics. - @ www.aimoo.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bravo, C. Hey, ZCL guys: If colluvium will email you the source files, can you host the excel file for downloaded by those of us who want to look at the raw data?
		I would not be a hypocrite to God, my family, or the members of my church.
		Colluvium, you rock.I nominate Colluvium for foyer-ward clerk.V
	www.aimoo.com /forum/postview.cfm?id=418550&CategoryID=121363&startcat=1&ThreadID=1400639 (1549 words)

	Parent Materials
		Characteristically contains large, unsorted rock fragments ranging in size from a few cm to a few meters in diameter.
		Much less obvious and hence, less easily identified, colluvium is also present near the base of slopes, the result of slumping, surface creep, or solifluction.
		Hillslope deposits showing lack of particle size sorting (clays to boulders here) often observed in colluvium.
	www.soils.umn.edu /academics/classes/soil5515/modules/parent_materials/parentmaterials.html (1095 words)

	Southern California Areal Mapping Project home
		Some workers do not see the need for "slope-wash deposits" as a category of surficial deposit separate from "colluvial deposits" --the two are viewed as synonymous, with "colluvial deposits" taking precedence.
		However, the definition of "colluvium" embraces a considerable range of geologic processes and geologic products-so much so, that "colluvium" (broad sense) becomes a catch-all phrase for hillslope materials that are formed by any one of several mechanisms in any one of several different environments.
		No SCAMP consensus on this practice has been reached, however, and the map reader must determine from the map-unit description and from the digital database how the term "colluvium" is used by the map originator.
	scamp.wr.usgs.gov /scamp/html/scg_surf_alluv.html (1968 words)

	Zarahemla City Limits/Foyer archive, April 2005, part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		FWIW, I would think that a change due to demographics would be revealed by a much more gradual change, rather than a 20% decline in 2 years.
		I would think that a change due to demographics would be revealed by a much more gradual change, rather than a 20% decline in 2 years.
		To continue with my annual chart fest, I present the 2004 statistics, storedatwww.mormon-news.com/membershipwith more numbers and a link to the spreadsheet.Chart showing increase in the number of wards and stakes under different church presidents.
	home.comcast.net /~zarahemla/archive/April2005_pt1.html (2788 words)

	[No title]
		Comments for soil profile 13 were: water table at 65 cm; interfingering occurs between Ab and 2Bw indicating mass movement along the slope; silt cups are few.
		For soil profile 28: mapping unit was 3; description date was 5 August 1982; elevation was 4000 m; classification was pergelic cryochrepts; lithology was granite and biotite gneiss; land form was colluvium on talus; aspect/slope was east/30 degrees; climatic zone was alpine; drainage was well drained.
		Comments for soil profile 41 were: the area was covered with conifers ca.
	culter.colorado.edu:1030 /exec/.extracttoolA?soilprog.il (2158 words)

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