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Topic: Colombian Conservative Party

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	Colombian Conservative Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party was unofficially founded by a group of Revolutionary Commoners during the Revolutionary War for Independence from the Spanish Monarchy and later formally established during the Greater Colombia formation.
		The Conservative party along with the Colombian Liberal Party, dominated the Colombian political scene from the end of the 19th Century until 2002, in bipartisan political hegemony.
		The Colombian Conservative party was formally founded in October 4, 1849, when a declaration of political principles was publicly published in the "La Civilización" newspaper, by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez and José Eusebio Caro.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party (462 words)

	Colombia - MSN Encarta
		By 1956, however, violence in the countryside was again on the rise, and moderates of both parties were becoming critical of the authoritarian policies of the Rojas regime.
		Leaders of the Liberal and Conservative parties then arrived at an agreement to share all government offices equally and alternate the presidency between them for a period of 12 years.
		Conservative president Belisario Betancur, who served from 1982 to 1986, made the first concerted effort at negotiation and announced a truce with the guerrillas in 1984.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564636_10/Colombia.html (2107 words)

	Colombia - POLITICAL DYNAMICS
		Party structures were complex, informal, and weakly institutionalized, extending vertically from the national to the local level.
		The two major parties were confederations based on regional party organizations headed by, and dependent on, the gamonales, who acquired their positions through birth or connections with the wealthy and prestigious families that made up the national party leadership.
		The political parties reinforced the traditional attitudes by demanding and receiving intense loyalty from their members in exchange for favors granted by the parties and party leaders.
	countrystudies.us /colombia/86.htm (910 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Despite the chronic political violence in Colombia in recent years, in 1998 Andres Pastrana won the presidency on behalf of the Social Conservative Party (PSC; former Conservative Party) ending the Liberals' 12-year control of the executive office in elections that were considered generally free, fair, and transparent.
		Underlying the conflict between these two parties were debates concerning the role of the Catholic Church in Colombian society and the desirability of federalism versus centralism in the organization of the body politic.
		The success of the minor political parties in the elections to both houses was attributed to the electorate's discontent with the failure of the peace process and to a widespread perception that politicians from both major parties were corrupt.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Col1.htm (1440 words)

	cars - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
		Civilian rule was restored in 1958 after moderate Conservatives and Liberals, with the support of dissident sectors of the military, agreed to unite under a bipartisan coalition known as the National Front.
		Colombian and Brazilian authorities have claimed that this constitutes proof of further cooperation between the FARC-EP and the druglord based on the exchange of weapons for cocaine, though Fernandinho himself and the FARC-EP have denied this.
		On December 17, 2004, the Colombian government authorized Trinidad's extradition to the United States, but stated that the measure could be revoked if the FARC released all 63 (political and military) hostages in its possession before December 30.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/FARC (3209 words)

	Colombian Armed Conflict Summary
		Colombian Armed Conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current low intensity conflict in Colombia that has existed since approximately 1964 or 1966, which was when the FARC and later the ELN were founded and subsequently started their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive Colombian government administrations.
		Since 1987, the ceasefire between the FARC and the Colombian government had gradually collapsed due to regional guerrilla and Army skirmishes that created a situation where each violation of the ceasefire rendered it null in each location, until it was rendered practically nonexistent.
		The Colombian Army's assault on the FARC's Casa Verde sanctuary at La Uribe, Meta, followed by a FARC offensive that sought to undermine the deliberations of the Constitutional Assembly, began to highlight a significant break in the uneven negotiations carried over from the previous decade.
	www.bookrags.com /Colombian_Armed_Conflict (6700 words)

	A short history of Colombia
		Two political parties grow out of conflicts between the followers of Bolivar and Santander and their political visions, the Conservatives and the Liberals, have since dominated Colombian politics.
		After a split in the liberal party, conservatives come to power in 1886 and in their new constitution the country is renamed Republic of Colombia and it becomes a centralized republic.
		To stop the conservative rule, the army seizes power in 1953 with a military coup and establishes a dictatorship under president Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.
	www.electionworld.org /history/colombia.htm (789 words)

	An Overview of Recent Colombian History
		Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a populist leader of the liberal party, is assassinated in Bogotá during the meeting of the Pan-American Conference (precursor to the Organization of the American States) by agents of the conservative government of Mariano Ospina Pérez.
		Colombian Army chief Gen. Jorge Mora declares that the Army is prepared to reclaim the FARC demilitarized zone whenever it is called upon to do so.
		Diego Turbay, a Colombian legislator who headed a congressional peace committee, is assassinated along with his mother and five other people on a highway in southern Caquetá department, not far from the FARC demilitarized zone.
	colhrnet.igc.org /timeline.htm (10703 words)

	Colombia (10/06)
		Conservative Party leader Laureano Gomez came to power in 1950, but was ousted by a military coup led by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla in 1953.
		Colombian governments have had to contend with the combined terrorist activities of left-wing guerrillas, the rise of paramilitary self-defense forces in the 1990s and the drug cartels.
		The sustained growth of the Colombian economy can be attributed to an increase in domestic security, the policies of keeping inflation low and maintaining a stable currency (the Colombian peso), petroleum price increases and an increase in exports to neighboring countries and the United States as a result of trade liberalization.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35754.htm (4768 words)

	Colombian House Absolves President Ernesto Samper, U.S. Revokes His Visa
		Colombian media have called the debate in Congress "the trial of the century" because it marked the first time a sitting president has been subjected to possible impeachment.
		The opposing Conservative Party said that Liberal Party loyalists who voted to exonerate Samper have "destroyed what little popular confidence remained in the judicial system." During "anti-Samper" meetings, Colombian business leaders said the President lacked the "conditions of governability" or political legitimacy and support.
		The Colombian government denounced the revocation as "injurious to the nation's dignity." The ban does not apply to travel by Samper to the United Nations in New York.
	www.ndsn.org /summer96/colombia.html (846 words)

	Colombia - Political Flags - Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is also worth mentioning that all other movements that call themselves parties are not since they did not achieve the minimun number of votes to either have a candidate take office on any given government post or the minimum number of votes to be recognized as a party by the new Colombian law.
		The flag is a typical Colombian tricolori, with a portrait of Simon Bolivar (in fl and white and certain shades of grey) centered on it.
		This flag is the flag of the PCCC, which stands for Partido Comunista Colombiano Clandestino (Colombian Clandestine Communist Party), an organization that runs parallel to Movimiento Bolivariano para la Nueva Colombia (Bolivarian Movement for the New Colombia).
	www.crwflags.com /FOTW/flags/co-polit.html (1511 words)

	Background to the Colombian conflict
		The assassination of the popular leftist leader of the Liberal Party, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, in 1948 sparked a civil war between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
		Eventually the two parties of the oligarchy buried the hatchet and organised a power sharing arrangement, by then with little to differentiate between them after the Liberals’ small step to the left died with Gaitán.
		Both Colombia’s main parties are well connected to the wealthy elite who benefit from this social inequality and are likely to be reluctant to concede any demands of the latter type.
	www.angelfire.com /pr/red/background_to_the_colombian.htm (1420 words)

	CNN - President says democracy prevails in Colombian elections - October 27, 1997
		However, rebel calls for a boycott and intimidation tactics were effective in some areas of country, dissuading tens of thousands of Colombians from voting for mayors, governors and state and municipal offices.
		The party won 19 of 32 governorships (compared to four for the Conservatives) and captured 412 city halls (301 for the Conservatives).
		The Liberal Party's Enrique Penalosa, a 42-year-old economist, was elected mayor of Bogota, the capital, while Conservative Juan Gomez Martinez won that office in Medellin, the country's No. 2 city.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9710/27/colombia (620 words)

	Colombian unions demand change
		Colombian trade unions call for a radical change in government at elections this Sunday, as the death toll of their members mounts.
		Horacio Serpa, the official Liberal party candidate who is second in the opinion polls, opposes Mr Uribe's military stance, advocates greater state intervention in the economy, and closer regional economic integration.
		Mr Pastrana's Conservative party is so unpopular it has chosen not to field a candidate.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/colombia/119.html (798 words)

	Untitled
		Violence from the Colombian army and the right-wing paramilitary groups who -- as abundant evidence demonstrates are the unofficial terrorist arm of the Colombian government - also wreak havoc on the fl and Indian peasantry.
		The Colombians are wise to concentrate their efforts among African Americans because as Mario Murillo, WBAI producer and member of the Colombia Media Project, pointed out at the meeting, even the progressive white left often overlooks the Afro-Colombian problem.
		Mario, a light skinned native Colombian who has resided in the US for many years, referred to a flyer put out by white leftists that was distributed at the meeting yet failed to even mention fl Colombians.
	www.1worldcommunication.org /blackcolombians.htm (1700 words)

	Why Say No to FTAA - Social and Economic Policy - Global Policy Forum
		Besides, the main Colombian exports continued to be —by far, and as they have always been— coffee, banana, flowers, oil, gold, nickel and coal, products that are exported with little, if any, processing and shipments of which have nothing to do with the introduction of the neoliberal model.
		What a painful paradox for those fellow Colombians: it is their double sacrifice —to leave their country and transfer remittances each month— which allows Colombian neoliberals to pose as statesmen for keeping an economic model that mistreats those Colombians to the limit of their capacity.
		Eugenio Marulanda, president of Confecámaras (Colombian Confederation of Chambers of Commerce), who was present at Uribe Vélez’s meeting with Robert Zoellick, U.S. Trade Representative, in which it was decided to sign the FTA, correctly summarized the attitude of pathetic submission that characterizes the negotiations between Colombia and the United States.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/trade/2004/1217notoftaa.htm (8324 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		The new party was bipartisan in composition, led by Liberals and Historical Conservatives not closely identified with Reyes during the last years of the Quinquenio" (page 245).
		Hence, many Conservatives were receptive to the inflammatory, reactionary, militantly pro-clerical, proto-fascist and anti-liberal appeals of Laureano Gómez, who became the leading spokesman of the Colombian Conservative Party during the 1930s" (page 29).
		The political abstention sprang from Conservative anger over widespread harassment of party members by Liberals, particularly at election time, and from their belief that the Liberals were making elections so dishonest they could never regain power.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/colombia/1900.html (8330 words)

	Charles A. Coulombe: Quest for the Catholic State
		In any case, as the 19th Century progressed, both parties were faced with the impact such inventions as the railroad must make on their countries.
		In Italy no Catholic party was formed because to take part in electoral politics would have meant recognition of the Italian government's legitimacy (impossible due to their usurpation of Rome).
		It tried to foster a "powerful current of opinion against parliament and democracy;" it felt that the old parties must disappear and "abdicate their sovereignty into the hands of the king." The king, who would govern with the help of a corporatist system, would be given the most extensive powers, including legislation.
	www.cheetah.net /~ccoulomb/questforthecatholicstate.html (5817 words)

	Landmines in Colombia
		Both the liberal and conservative parties were disappointed with Rojas’ inability to restore democracy, and became even more outraged when Rojas was accused of corruption.
		With the support of both political parties, Rojas was overthrown by the military in 1957.
		This poses a threat to Colombian society as a whole, for, as a result, most threats of landmines go unverified until it is too late.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~jjmatyst/classweb/incolombia.html (873 words)

	[No title]
		Such is the tattered state of Latin America's oldest democracy that some leaders are questioning why Colombian electoral officials are even bothering to hold a vote in some rebel-dominated parts of the country.
		Elsewhere, as in Pitalito, the primary recipients of FARC threats are candidates representing Colombia's two long-dominant political parties, both of which are regarded by the rebels as corrupt and inept.
		Silva, who belongs to the Conservative Party of President Andrés Pastrana, said his experience was similar to what the current candidates in Pitalito are facing.
	www.tga-panama.com /2000/102800_ColombianElectionFears.htm (942 words)

	Government
		The two major parties have traditionally been the Conservative party (now known as the Colombian Social Conservative party), favoring strong central government and close relations with the Roman Catholic church, and the Liberal party, favoring stronger local governments and separation of church and state.
		Between 1958 and 1974 the Liberals and Conservatives were the only legal political parties in Colombia, owing to a 1957 constitutional amendment intended to defuse the explosive antagonisms between them.
		Under this arrangement, called the National Front, each party held exactly half the number of seats in each legislative house and in the cabinet and other agencies, and the presidency alternated between leaders of the parties.
	home1.gte.net /gomezedg/government.htm (1274 words)

	Colombia Government Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In July 1957, former Conservative President Laureano Gomez (1950-53) and former Liberal President Alberto Lleras Camargo (1945-46) proclaimed the "Declaration of Sitges," in which they proposed a "National Front" whereby the Liberal and Conservative parties would govern jointly.
		Although the system established by the Sitges agreement was phased out by 1978, the 1886 Colombian Constitution--in effect until 1991--required that the losing political party be given adequate and equitable participation in the government.
		A member of the Conservative Party, Pastrana defeated Liberal Party candidate Horacio Serpa in a run-off election marked by high voter turnout and little political unrest.
	www.traveldocs.com /co/govern.htm (2043 words)

	Politics and Government
		Colombia's conservative Roman Catholic Church traditionally has been more influential than the military in electing presidents and influencing elections and the political socialization of Colombians.
		Some analysts of Colombian political affairs have noted that in the 1980s the military gradually began to assume a larger decisionmaking role, owing to the inability of the civilian governments to resolve critical situations, such as the sixty-one-day terrorist occupation of the Dominican Republic embassy in 1980.
		An estimated 100,000 Colombians died in the War of a Thousand Days (1899-1902), and 200,000 died in the more recent period of interparty civil war called la violencia, which lasted from 1948 to 1966.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/colombia/colombia_politics.htm (732 words)

	Colombia Human Rights Network Home Page
		The bill, which was introduced on August 21, would grant parole to jailed combatants who belong to groups that have declared a cease-fire or are involved in peace negotiations with the government.
		According to the data presented, Colombians are losing 15 billion pesos per year from tax revenue on extra-costs and illicit operations, El Colombiano reports.
		Colombian police are investigating which of the country’s two main rebel groups are responsible, Associated Press reports.
	colhrnet.igc.org /newitems/sep03/colwk.908.htm (1724 words)

	Colombian President Launches New Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Colombian President Alvaro Uribe attends a welcoming ceremony for visiting President Ricardo Lagos of Chile at the Presidential Palace in Bogota, Colombia, in this April 21, 2005 file photo.
		Uribe wants to create a political party to formally unite his followers, who until now have been known simply as "Uribistas," but the plan is being resisted by the opposition and even some of his supporters, who worry about a political party based on one man's hardline ideals, Wednesday, May 11, 2005.
		The party could immediately become the most potent force in Colombia's Congress, muscling out the Conservative and Liberal parties that have dominated politics for more than a century.
	www.comcast.net /data/news/2005/05/12/130654.xml (656 words)

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