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Topic: Colonial Militia in Canada

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	Constitution of Canada - History of the Constitution
		In the meantime, all British subjects in the colony were guaranteed of the protection of the law of England, and the governor was given the power to erect courts of judicature and public justice to hear all causes, civil or public.
		Upper Canada was to be administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the governor general, while Lower Canada was to be administered by a direct representative of the governor general.
		Canada and the other British dominions achieved full legislative sovereignty with the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, but prior to the Canada Act 1982 the British North America Acts were excluded from the operation of the Statute of Westminster and could only be amended by the British Parliament.
	www.constitutionofcanada.com /history-of-the-constitution.shtml (5877 words)

	Canada - LoveToKnow 1911
		In Canada the isotherms by no means follow parallels of latitude, especially in summer when in the western half of the country they run nearly north-west and south-east; so that the average temperature of 55° is found about on the Arctic circle in the Mackenzie river valley, in lat.
		The several kinds of geeseincluding the Canada goose, the Arctic goose or wavey, the laughing goose, the brant and others-all breed in the northern regions, but are found in great numbers throughout the several provinces, passing north in the spring and south in the autumn.
		Her splendid lakes and rivers, the development of her canal system, and the growth of railways have made the interprovincial traffic of Canada far greater than her foreign, and the portfolio of railways and canals is one of the most important in the cabinet.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CANADA.htm (16319 words)

	Canadian Forces
		Canada is a charter member of NATO and a member of the North American Air Defence treaty (NORAD).
		At the end of World War II, Canada possessed the third-largest navy and fourth-largest air force in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded (conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2400 conscripts actually made it into battle).
		Canada's air force is deployed at 13 bases across Canada under the overall direction of 1 Canadian Air Division and constitutes the Canadian NORAD Region.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/canadian_forces.html (4247 words)

	Militia information - Search.com
		Militia was an alternate name for the Citizens Military Forces (CMF), the reserve units of the Australian Army between 1901 and 1980.
		The exploits of the young and poorly trained soldiers of the 39th (Militia) Battalion during the rearguard action on the Kokoda Track remain celebrated to this day, as is the contribution of the 7th Brigade at the Battle of Milne Bay.
		The left wing militias generally consider themselves to be freedom fighters and run the gamut of leftist causes, from the national liberation movements under foreign occupation, to the various terrorist groups such as the Red Brigades, and communist guerillas in Central America.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Militia (2326 words)

	Canada
		Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a federal parliamentary form of government (operating at federal and provincial levels) and an independent judiciary.
		While the first Jews came to Canada in the eighteenth century, the bulk of the community is descended from twentieth-century immigrants, from Eastern Europe and Russia in the first half of the century and, more recently, from North Africa and the Middle East.
		The high-profile case against Helmut Oberlander, Erichs Tobiass and Johann Dueck ran aground on a technical issue arising from a March meeting between the assistant deputy attorney-general and the chief justice of the federal court, in which the former was urging the court to accelerate the process.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/canada/canada.htm (7647 words)

	Military history of Canada information - Search.com
		Canada was colonized by two major European powers that were historically at odds with each other, and it was inevitable that this age-old tension would spill over into Canada; during the 17th and 18th centuries, there was almost continuous conflict between the colonizing powers in Canada.
		The Lower Canada Rebellion was a greater threat to the British, and the rebels were victorious at the Battle of St. Denis on November 23.
		Canada also chose to stay out of several wars, despite the participation of close allies, most notably the Vietnam War and the Second Iraq War, although Canada lent indirect support and Canadians citizens served in foreign armies in both conflicts.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Military_history_of_Canada (7439 words)

	The Military in Colonial Virginia
		The first three times, the colonial warfare was a reflection of the rivalries for power in Europe and most fighting was on the new England/Canadian frontier.
		Militia musters were primarily social events, unless there was an immediate threat of some sort.
		Though farmers on the western frontiers maintained weapons for personal use, the assembly of county militias often demonstrated that the community was unable to defends itself against anything other than a quick raid by a band of Native Americans.
	www.virginiaplaces.org /military/colonialmil.html (886 words)

	The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - Colonial Military Experience
		The southern colonies with one regiment per county were closest to the "shire" system; the more densely populated northern colonies normally formed several regiments in each county.
		Although a militia structure based on an area's total male population was an admirable goal for local defense, taking the men for military service disrupted a colony's economy during extended crises or lengthy offensives.
		As other institutions emerged, the militia was left as a local training center and a replacement pool, a country selective service system and a law enforcing agency, an induction camp and a primitive supply depot.
	www.colonialwarsct.org /colonial_military_experience.htm (1418 words)

	New Militia FAQ Part One
		The new militia are not protected by the militia clauses of the Constitution nor by federal or state law.
		Militias are generally understood to be a part-time, nonprofessional fighting force, distinguished from regular troops or a standing army.
		The power of governing such part of the militia as may be employed in the service of the United States gives the federal government complete authority over the federalized (see 1.15) militia.
	www.adl.org /mwd/faq1.asp (3380 words)

	Welcome to Quebec, Canada
		Québec is the largest province in Canada geographically, and the second most populous, after Ontario, with a population of 7,568,640 (Statistics Canada, January 2005).
		Great Britain acquired Canada by the Treaty of Paris (1763) when King Louis XV of France and his advisers chose to keep the territory of Guadeloupe for its valuable sugar crops instead of New France, which was viewed as a vast, frozen wasteland of little importance to the French colonial empire.
		In the 1860s, the delegates from the colonies of British North America (Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland) met in a series of conferences in Charlottetown, Quebec City and London to discuss a broader union.
	www.hometowncanada.com /qc (2725 words)

	The American Revolution: Summary
		Militia lacked the training and discipline of regular soldiers but were more numerous and could overwhelm regular troops as at the battles of Lexington, Bunker Hill, Bennington and Saratoga, and the siege of Boston.
		In the Ohio Country and the Illinois Country, the Virginia frontiersman George Rogers Clark attempted to neutralize British influence among the Ohio tribes by capturing the outposts of Kaskaskia and Vincennes in the summer of 1778.
		Since the colonies covered a large area and had not been united before the war, there was no central area of strategic importance.
	www.american-revolution-online.com /Summary (5507 words)

	Canadian Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Local militias defended their homeland from Indian raids and British invasions, and from American forces during the American Revolution, the War of 1812 and in the Fenian Raids.
		Canada's air force is deployed at 13 bases across Canada under the overall direction of 1 Canadian Air Division and constitutes the Canadian NORAD Region.
		Canada Command is analogous to and works closely with the United States Northern Command as well as the United States Department of Homeland Security.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Canadian_Forces (4794 words)

	Wikinfo \| Militia
		In general, a militia is the entire able-bodied population of a nation that can be called upon to defend itself against an enemy.
		The early Puritan colonists of America considered the militia an important social structure, necessary to defend their colonies from Native American attacks.
		Many of the states, such as New York and Maryland have organized state militia forces or State Guards which are under the control of the governor of a state and used to augment the National Guard.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Militia (736 words)

	Canadian Forces Page - c7a2
		Canada's naval forces are deployed in two fleets, Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at CFB Halifax on the east coast.
		Officers displayed their rank on slip-ons on the epaulets of the shirt or jacket; NCMs wore small OD versions of their rank insignia stitched in the centre of the upper sleeve, although for a period in the 1980s these were stitched onto slip-ons, ostensibly to save wear-and-tear on the uniforms.
		The national identifier consisted of a "CANADA" flash stitched on the upper shoulder just below the sleeve seam, and unit or trade identifiers were worn on slip-ons on the shirt's epaulettes; however, personnel belonging to Canadian Forces Europe and other overseas missions wore full-colour Canadian flag patches on the upper sleeve.
	www.patpress.com /A---J/Canadian_Forces.php (4843 words)

	The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - 1693 Benjamin Fletcher
		How he came to be entrusted with the governorship at all, and especially with the large powers of commander of the militia of Connecticut, New York and New Jersey with which he was invested, is a problem not easily solved.
		The charter of the colony denied Fletcher's jurisdiction, and the Assembly, then in session, promptly gave utterance to that denial on this occasion.
		At the same time it was threatened with a destructive invasion by the French and Indians from Canada, under the guidance of the venerable Count Frontenac, the energetic governor of that province.
	www.colonialwarsct.org /1693.htm (541 words)

	American Revolution - The Invasion of Canada and the Fall of Boston
		The major military operations of 1775 and early 1776 were not around Boston but in far-distant Canada, which the Americans tried to add as a fourteenth colony.
		It was a magnificent feat, but the force was too small to prevail even against the scattered Canadian militia and British Regulars who, unlike Montcalm, shut themselves up in the city and refused battle in the open.
		While the effort to conquer Canada was moving toward its dismal end, Washington finally took the initiative at Boston.
	www.americanrevolution.com /AmRevInvasionCanada.htm (754 words)

	Parks Canada - Fort Wellington National Historic Site of Canada - Natural Wonders & Cultural Treasures
		In the event of war the colony of Upper Canada was at particular risk along the St. Lawrence River from Montreal to Kingston.
		The rebellions were the culmination of years of agitation on the part of reformers in the two colonies to gain a stronger voice in the colonial government.
		The rebellion in Upper Canada, under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie, attracted little support among the populace and was quickly put down by the British authorities.
	www.pc.gc.ca /lhn-nhs/on/wellington/natcul/index_e.asp (1048 words)

	Upper Canada Genealogy - Upper Canada Chronology
		Canada (constitutional) Act; Quebec is divided into Upper and Lower Canada with Upper Canada (now Ontario) containing all that land lying west of the Ottawa River, and Lower Canada (now Quebec) containing all the land lying east
		Act of the Upper Canada legislature states that all slave children born in Upper Canada after this time will be free at the age of 25
		Militia officers of each regiment are instructed to submit a nominal roll of the men in their units from 19 to 39 years of age (most of these rolls survive)
	www.uppercanadagenealogy.com /chronologyS.html (1872 words)

	A Short History of Conscientious Objection in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		And, as Canada currently does not have conscription, there is no legislation with respect to conscientious objection.
		Given Canada’s historic record, it is presumed that individuals could make a claim for conscientious objector status on the basis of the charter and historic precedents.
		In the 1990s, a coalition of peace groups and churches, including Conscience Canada, the Quakers and Mennonite Central Committee Canada, made several appeals to the government for the provision of a legal means whereby individuals could designate the military portion of their federal tax to peaceful purposes.
	www.mcc.org /peace/info/CO_history.html (1328 words)

	Nova Scotia History Index
		Nova Scotia was also the first part of Canada to win responsible government (government by a cabinet answerable to, and removable by, a majority of the assembly) in January 1848...
		John Allan was the eldest son of William Allan, one of the earliest settlers of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and was born in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, Jan. 3, 1746.
		The King's Orange Rangers, a loyalist regiment, was raised in December, 1776 by William Bayard, colonel of the militia of Orange County, New York.
	www.littletechshoppe.com /ns1625/histindx.html (7652 words)

	HOW NEWSPAPERS COVERED THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR - The Early America Review, Spring 1997
		England populated the Atlantic seaboard from Maine to South Carolina, and France settled Canada and the central part of the continent west of the Appalachian Mountains to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
		Letters from colonial militia members that appeared in newspapers kept readers apprised of Braddock's progress toward the French Fort Duquesne at the meeting of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers.* But Braddock's troops were routed by the French and Indians, and Braddock killed.
		Because the English controlled the territory between their advancing armies and the main colonial ports, news of the invasion of Canada appeared weekly, despite the fact that a writer to the Boston Gazette claimed, "it will be very difficult for a weekly news writer to keep pace" with the advancing army.
	www.earlyamerica.com /review/spring97/newspapers.html (7764 words)

	History of the Militia and National Guard, John K. Mahon
		The militia officers generally were affluent and influential Many of them, holding commissions from the Crown, were reluctant to sever ties with England.
		York Since the militia seemed paralyzed, General Washington was obliged to make a substantial detachment from the Continental Army and sent it, under the command of Major General John Sullivan, to break the fighting power of the Iroquois Sullivan achieved that objective in l779.
		Arthur Alexander,Jr.,"Service by Substitute in the Militia of Northampton and Lancaster Counties during the War of the Revolution," Military Affairs, LX (Fall 1945), pp.
	www.potowmack.org /mahonch3.html (4640 words)

	[No title]
		Alexander, Jon A. "Colonial New England Preaching on War As Illustrated in Massachusetts Artillery Election Sermons." Journal of Church and State, 7 (August 1975), pp.
		Boucher, Ronald L. "The Colonial Militia As a Social Institution: Salem, Massachusetts 1764-1775." Military Affairs, 37 (December 1973), pp.
		"The Militia of Colonial Connecticut 1639-1775: An Institutional Study." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, 1965.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/reference/colon/colwar.htm (3196 words)

	Military Law, the Canadian Militia, and The North-West Rebellion of 1885
		Since the Canadian militia was constituted on a voluntary basis, aggrieved or dissatisfied soldiers could always leave or choose not to re-enlist at the end of their three-year engagements.
		The military law which regulated the militia in Canada during the nineteenth century originated from a variety of British and Canadian sources.
		In contrast to the British army, the Canadian militia generally attracted a better class of men from the general civic community; merchants, bank clerks, farmers, lawyers, students, retired soldiers, and other members of respectable society were included in its ranks.
	www.jmss.org /1998/article5.html (8875 words)

	canada fishing lodge outfitter sell
		It is a parliamentary state with two legislative houses; its chief of state is the British monarch, whose representative is Canada's governor-general, and the head of government is the prime minister.
		After the American Revolution Canada's population was augmented by loyalists fleeing the United States, and the increasing number arriving in Quebec led the British to divide the colony into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791.
		The prosperity that accompanied Canada into the 20th century was marred by continuing conflict between the English and French communities.
	www.canada-fishing-site.net /canada-fishing-lodge/canadafishinglodgeoutfittersell (1057 words)

	The War of 1812 - The War Beyond Upper Canada
		he main focus of the War of 1812 was Upper Canada, but that province was part of the broader entity, British North America, which also included Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.
		All of these colonies in turn were part of the British Empire that as a whole was at war with the United States.
		November, an American army approaches Lower Canada from the south but withdraws without attempting to capture Montreal or engage British troops.
	www.archives.gov.on.ca /english/exhibits/1812/beyond_upper_canada.htm (342 words)

	Amazon.ca: His Excellency: George Washington: Books: Joseph J. Ellis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Today, as Pulitzer Prize-winner Joseph J. Ellis says in this crackling biography, Americans see their first president on dollar bills, quarters, and Mount Rushmore, but only as "an icon--distant, cold, intimidating." In truth, Washington was a deeply emotional man, but one who prized and practiced self-control (an attribute reinforced during his years on the battlefield).
		Washington’s marriage to the colony's wealthiest widow dramatically changed his life, catapulting him into Virginia aristocracy.
		At age 20, despite no prior military experience, Washington was appointed an adjutant in the Virginia militia, in which he oversaw several militia companies, and was assigned the rank of major.
	www.amazon.ca /His-Excellency-Washington-Joseph-Ellis/dp/1400040310 (1071 words)

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