Color constancy - Factbites

Color constancy - Factbites
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Topic: Color constancy

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	Color constancy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Color constancy is an example of subjective constancy and a feature of the human color-perception system which ensures that the perceived color of objects remains relatively constant under varying illumination conditions.
		Color constancy is a desirable feature of robotic color vision, or computer vision, and several algorithms have been developed.
		The person shows color constancy in that the green patch continues to appear green, the white patch continues to appear white, and all the remaining patches continue to have their original colors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Color_constancy (557 words)

	Color - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note that the color experience of a given light mixture may vary with absolute luminosity, because both rods and cones are active at once in the eye, with each having different color curves, and rods taking over gradually from cones as the brightness of the scene is reduced.
		The perception of color is influenced by biology (some people are born seeing colors differently or not at all; see color blindness), long-term history of the observer, and also by short-term effects such as the colors nearby.
		Structural color is a property of some surfaces that are scored with fine parallel lines, formed of many thin parallel layers, or otherwise composed of periodic microstructures on the scale of the color's wavelength, to make a diffraction grating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Color (3604 words)

	COLOR CONSTANCY-APPENDIX to PROCESSES IN BIOLOGICAL VISION
		Color constancy is present throughout the photopic region but it generally goes unnoticed until the average luminosity of the scene, over a specific spatial angle, can no longer be represented by a color temperature of 7053 Kelvin.
		Color constancy is closely related to the phenomena known as reciprocity failure in photographic film technology.
		If the color temperature of the radiance is lowered as suggested by the doted line, the level of irradiance detected by each transducer is the integral of the absorbed flux.
	www.4colorvision.com /appen/z-constancy.htm (2702 words)

	Color
		Colors are what fill in the outlines of these forms, they are the stuff out of which visual phenomena are built up; our visual world consists solely of differently formed colors; and objects, from the point of view of seeing them, that is, seen objects, are nothing other than colors of different kinds and forms.
		Colors are perceiver-dependent but hybrid properties: to have a specific color is to have some intrinsic feature by virtue of which the object has the power to appear in a distinctive way (e.g., as in 4).
		Colors are properties that as a group, form an internally-related 4+2 structure, built on the four unique, primary hues: green, red, blue and yellow, and related to the black/white pair.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/color (18003 words)

	Mizokami_Shinoda_Ikeda.doc
		It was noted that the color perceived in the original photograph was desaturated in the dimension-up viewing condition compared to the normal viewing condition, which implies that the color constancy took place in the former viewing condition.
		The degree of the color constancy was larger in the photograph perceived as a 3D scene than in the photograph perceived as a mere 2D scene.
		In this paper we investigate whether the degree of the color constancy in the photograph increases depending on the degree of 3D recognition in the photograph.
	www.iscc.org /aic2001/abstracts/oral/Mizokami_Shinoda_Ikeda.doc (606 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - theories of color perception
		Color constancy is a visual effect in which the color a physical object looks remains fairly constant despite changes in the light illuminating the object.
		But it may be that whereas the color categories of a species are best explained in terms of ecological relations between members of the species and objects in their environments (over the course of evolution), the colors themselves are nonrelational properties of objects.
		If one proposes that the colors we perceive physical objects as having are properties of physical objects (as is claimed by physicalist and dispositionalist proposals about the constituting nature of color), then an explanation of how it is colors are perceived as properties of physical objects is relatively straightforward.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/colorperception.html (1980 words)

	Poster on Color Constancy
		While investigating the color constancy stimuli (sheets of colored papers) were moved with a constant velocity across the RF center on a velvet-black background, the RF surround being covered with a stationary white or black screen.
		Mechanisms of the color constancy may be of different levels of complexity, the simplest ones, that do not need memory or learning, may be of retinal origin.
		In lack of information about the color of the illumination (in black surround) responses of the color-coding units are determined by the light reflected from the surface presented in the RF center.
	www.iitp.ru /projects/posters/cellular (1769 words)

	Color Basics
		This ability to perceive surface lightness and color under a wide range of illumination conditions is called lightness and color constancy respectively.
		Similarly, the color of the light in the envonment may change a lot but the brain must somehow interpret the color of the surface despite the change in illumination.
		A Uniform color space is a space in which equal measured distances correspond to equal percptual distances between colors.
	www.ccom.unh.edu /vislab/VisCourse/ColorBasic.html (1266 words)

	Kusumi_Ikeda_Shinoda.doc
		In recent years the color perception of the elderly is investigated by using a pair of glasses to simulate the transmittance of the crystalline lenses.
		The color appearance mode is explained by the relative position of the object along the radius of the sphere.
		The color of the object is determined by the angle from the recognition axis to the physical color, so to speak, of the object.
	www.iscc.org /aic2001/abstracts/poster/Kusumi_Ikeda_Shinoda.doc (1063 words)

	Brainard's Publications
		The role of illumination perception in color constancy.
		Williams, D.R., Sekiguchi, N., and Brainard, D.H. Color, contrast sensitivity, and the cone mosaic.
		Speigle, J. and Brainard, D. Predicting color from gray: the relationship between achromatic adjustment and asymmetric matching, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 16, 2370-2376.
	color.psych.upenn.edu /brainard/pubs.html (2080 words)

	Journal of Vision - Bayesian model of human color constancy, by Longere, Kraft, & Brainard
		Color constancy is the ability to perceive an object as having a constant color appearance despite changes in illumination and surrounding objects.
		Measurements of human color constancy have identified both conditions where it is very good and conditions where it fails.
		Longere, P., Kraft, J.M., and Brainard, D.H. Bayesian model of human color constancy [Abstract].
	www.journalofvision.org /1/3/62 (310 words)

	Judging a Color
		The key to color constancy is that we do not determine the color of an object in isolation; rather, the object's color derives from a comparison of the wavelengths reflected from the object and its surround.
		Land's "Retinex" theory of color vision—a mathematical model of this comparison process—left open the question of where in the pathway between retina and cortex color constancy was achieved.
		Color would be a poor way of labeling objects if the perceived colors kept shifting under different conditions, he points out.
	www.hhmi.org /senses/b/b140.htm (937 words)

	Journal of Vision - Does human color constancy incorporate the statistical regularity of natural daylight?, by Delahunt & Brainard
		We investigated whether the mechanisms that mediate human color constancy embody this statistical regularity of the natural environment, so that constancy is best when the illuminant change is one likely to occur.
		Constancy for the Green direction, however, exceeded that for the Yellow illuminant change and was comparable to that for the Blue.
		The results indicate that constancy was least across the Red change, as one would expect for the statistics of natural daylight.
	journalofvision.org /4/2/1 (313 words)

	Projects: Constancy
		Much of the research in my lab is directed at understanding the extent to which humans vision exhibits color constancy and how this constancy comes about.
		Color vision is useful because it helps us identify objects and their properties.
		Because surface properties and illuminant are confounded in the light reaching the eye, color can only be useful only if visual processing separates these two physical effects to produce a psychological representation that depends primarily on object surface properties.
	color.psych.upenn.edu /lab/constancy.html (144 words)

	Researchers find that color perception is not innate, but acquired after birth
		Furthermore, they had severe deficits in color constancy; their color vision was very much wavelength-dominated, such that they were unable to compensate for the changes in wavelength composition.
		This property, so-called "color constancy," is the most important property of the color visual system.
		It has been unclear based on previous work whether the attribute of color constancy is innate or acquired after birth.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/cp-rft072004.php (252 words)

	handprint : color in context
		Thus, color constancy is primarily concerned with the coloring and shadow casting effects of illumination.
		Humans absolutely do not have color constancy, in the sense that "colors look the same" all the time, because otherwise we would not notice twilight, or spoiled fruit.
		The complementary color relationships of negative afterimages are determined by the opponent coding of color receptors, as summarized in the basic rules of color vision.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/color4.html (8892 words)

	Color Constancy
		Color: Constancy and ProcessingA typical observer can discern between a dozen to three dozen distinct grey levels or intensity variations.
		This is a color space (model) where distances between points in this space are equivalent to the amount of change in the percieved color.
		A technique, known as intensity slicing, assigns a shade of color to all grey levels that fall under a specified value and a different shade of color to those grey levels that exceed the specified value.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~grewe/CS6825/Mat/Color/color3.htm (798 words)

	Peter Stone: Towards On-Board Color Constancy on Mobile Robots
		Color constancy is a relatively recent, but increasingly important, topic in vision research.
		In this paper we propose a methodology for color constancy on mobile robots.
		We describe a technique that we have used to solve a subset of the problem, in real-time, based on color space distributions and the KL-divergence measure.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/pstone/Papers/bib2html/b2hd-CRV2004.html (230 words)

	ASA 146th Meeting Lay Language Papers -Auditory Color Constancy
		To test for auditory color constancy, we next presented to listeners this matrix of 49 vowel sounds (7 formant frequencies by 7 spectral tilts) preceded by a sentence with reliable spectral properties.
		In order to achieve color constancy, the visual system must somehow extract reliable spectral properties across the entire image in order to determine the real colors of objects in a scene.
		For example, we perceive short wavelengths as blue and long wavelengths as red, and all colors are combinations of energy at different wavelengths varying from short to long.
	www.acoustics.org /press/146th/Kluender.htm (1383 words)

	ICVL Color Constancy Project
		Color constancy is the ability of a vision system to assign a color description to an object that does not depend on the illumination environment allowing the system to recognize objects under many different illumination conditions.
		In reference [1], we demonstrate a color constancy method which uses highlights to estimate the color of the illumination.
		Color pixel measurements in an image provide useful information for object recognition.
	www.cvl.uci.edu /projects/color_constancy.html (306 words)

	Imaging On-Line Store
		Specifically we address whether it is better to build color variation due to illumination into a recognition system, or, instead, apply color constancy preprocessing to images before they are processed by the recognition system.
		His current research interests are in the fields of computer vision/ pattern recognition, color constancy for object recognition, perceptual grouping and biometrics.
		Color and Color Constancy in a Translation Model for Object Recognition
	www.imaging.org /store/epub.cfm?abstrid=22209 (381 words)

	Selective Color Constancy Deficits after Circumscribed Unilateral Brain Lesions -- Rüttiger et al. 19 (8): 3094 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		basis of this color constancy is, however, poorly understood.
		Selective Color Constancy Deficits after Circumscribed Unilateral Brain Lesions -- Rüttiger et al.
		The color of an object, when part of a complex scene, is determined not only by its spectral reflectance but also by the colors
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/19/8/3094 (363 words)

	Sensor sharpening for computational color constancy
		In this paper we study sensor sharpening in the context of viable color constancy processing, both theoretically and empirically, and on four different cameras.
		Sensor sharpening (Finlayson et al., 1994) has been proposed as a method for improving computational color constancy, but it has not been thoroughly tested in practice with existing color constancy algorithms.
		Further experiments suggest that this method is more effective for use with several known color constancy algorithms.
	kobus.ca /research/publications/sensor_sharpening (138 words)

	Keith Price Bibliography Color Constancy, Retinex
		Color Constancy, Recognition, Simon Fraser Univ. (Funt and Finlayson) Papers.
		Color constancy: the role of image surfaces in illuminant adjustment,
		Color constancy: a biological model and its application for still and video images,
	iris.usc.edu /Vision-Notes/bibliography/compute100.html (1314 words)

	Color Constancy Research Page
		Color Constancy work by Michael D'Zmura's lab at UCI
		Charles Rosenberg, Thomas Minka, Alok Ladsariya, "Bayesian Color Constancy with Non-Gaussian Models", in NIPS 2003.
		Color Constancy work at the UCI Compuer Vision Lab by Glenn Healey's group
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~chuck/color/research (309 words)

	Show Tagged Records
		Color constancy in this model is achieved by an application of the double opponent cells found in the 'blobs' of the visual cortex.
		But these types of color constancies are nor basic ones and there is another kind of color constancy that is fundamental for the explanation of all color constancy phenomena.
		A, vol.3, 1743, 1986) described measurements of color constancy in computer simulations of arrays of colored papers of equal Munsell value under 4000-, 6500-, and 10000-K daylight illuminants.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~chuck/color/research/inspec_2000_01_17_pg3.html (3547 words)

	Judging a Color
		The key to color constancy is that we do not determine the color of an object in isolation; rather, the object's color derives from a comparison of the wavelengths reflected from the object and its surround.
		Land's "Retinex" theory of color vision—a mathematical model of this comparison process—left open the question of where in the pathway between retina and cortex color constancy was achieved.
		Color would be a poor way of labeling objects if the perceived colors kept shifting under different conditions, he points out.
	www.hhmi.org /senses/b140.html (937 words)

	ch6
		color constancy: the relatively constant appearance of the colors of objects viewed under varying lighting conditions.
		V4 mediates color perception and color constancy, and orientation of edges.
		hue: one of the perceptual dimensions of color; the dominant wavelength.
	www2.truman.edu /shaffer/321ch6_2001.htm (937 words)

	Color - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was studied by Edwin Land in the 1970s and led to his retinex theory of color constancy.
		Note that the color experience of a given light mixture may vary with absolute luminosity, because both rods and cones are active at once in the eye, with each having different color curves, and rods taking over gradually from cones as the brightness of the scene is reduced.
		Structural color is a property of some surfaces that are scored with fine parallel lines, formed of many thin parallel layers, or otherwise composed of periodic microstructures on the scale of the color's wavelength, to make a diffraction grating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Color (3813 words)

	Color Glossary
		Color constancy Stability in the perceived color of a surface across changes in illumination and the consequent changes in the light reaching the eye.
		Color temperature The temperature of the perfect black body radiator whose chromaticity is closest to that of the light under consideration.
		Basic color term A color word (a) that is monolexemic (unlike "reddish-yellow"); (b) whose extension is not included in that of any other color term (unlike "scarlet", whose extension is included in "red"); (c) whose application is not restricted to a narrow class of objects (unlike "roan"); and (d) that is psychologically salient (unlike "puce").
	tigger.uic.edu /~hilbert/Glossary.html (3813 words)

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Topic: Color constancy

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