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Topic: Colorado Pinyon

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	Colorado Pinyon -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Colorado Pinyon was described by (additional info and facts about George Engelmann) George Engelmann in 1848 from collections made near (additional info and facts about Santa Fe, New Mexico) Santa Fe, New Mexico on (additional info and facts about Alexander William Doniphan) Alexander William Doniphan's expedition to northern Mexico in 1846.
		The destruction of large areas of pinyon forests in the interests of (Domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age) cattle ranching is seen by many as an act of major ecological and cultural vandalism.
		Colorado Pinyon is also occasionally planted as an ornamental tree and sometimes used as a (An ornamented evergreen used as a Christmas decoration) christmas tree.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/colorado_pinyon.htm (533 words)

	Pinus edulis: MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Colorado pinyon provides browse for mule deer, though it is not substantially utilized [10,17,94].
		Colorado pinyon browse is unpalatable to domestic cattle, sheep, and, horses [28].
		Colorado pinyon is used to rehabilitate mined areas and critical habitats that have been damaged by fire [61,173].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinedu/management_considerations.html (1092 words)

	Pinus edulis: DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
		Colorado pinyon is primarily a species of the southwestern United States and Colorado Plateau, extending to the eastern rim of the Great Basin [98,167].
		Colorado pinyon occurrence is generally rare or localized on the edges of its distribution [73,84,120,133,149,164].
		Colorado pinyon is generally replaced by singleleaf pinyon in pinyon-juniper woodlands on the western edge of its distribution [167].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinedu/distribution_and_occurrence.html (324 words)

	Pinyon Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pinyon often has a widely branching trunk and rounded form, and is rarely more than 20 or 30 feet tall, and often is much less.
		Pinyon timber was used in building the early pit houses of Mesa Verde, from 400 to 900 A.D. Pinyon was well known to the builders of the later cliff dwellings, too, both for wood for roof beams (now used for tree-ring dating) and door lintels.
		In fact the interdependency of the birds which cache Pinyon nuts and the life cycle of the nut tree itself is so pronounced that the Pinyon appears to have evolved to benefit from or adapt to the birds' behavior.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/PinyonPine.html (1767 words)

	USATODAY.com - High temperatures killed pinyon trees, researchers say (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For millions of pinyons, also spelled piñons, the immediate cause of death was infestation by bark beetles.
		The pinyon is the official tree of New Mexico, the hardest-hit state.
		Pinyons grow more slowly and are smaller than the statuesque pine species common in wetter mountain ranges to the north.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/climate/2005-10-10-drought-pinyons_x.htm (613 words)

	Pinyon pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pinyon pines (or piñon pines), are a group of pines, which grow in the southwestern United States and Mexico; they yield edible pinyon nuts, which were a staple of the Native Americans, and are still widely eaten.
		The Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) takes its name from the tree, and pinyon nuts form an important part of its diet.
		It is very important for regeneration of pinyon woods, as it stores large numbers of the seeds in the ground for later use, and excess seeds not used are in an ideal position to grow to form new trees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pinyon_pine (263 words)

	Water-Thrifty Pinyon Pine
		Pinyon, also written as pinion or pinon, is a sturdy, relatively slow-growing pine that will grow to about 20 feet tall and wide (although some specimens may grow to 30 feet tall) and will thrive on available precipitation after an establishment period of one to two years.
		In Colorado, pinyon is found growing primarily in the western two-thirds of the state from the New Mexico border north to the Wyoming border, at altitudes of 5,000 to 7,500 feet.
		Pinyon is well adapted to the 9 to 15 inches of precipitation it normally receives in its native habitat and is one of the best native plants to use in a low-water use landscapes.
	www.colostate.edu /Dept/CoopExt/4DMG/Trees/thrifty.htm (691 words)

	PIne Nut Gathering, Great Basin National Park
		Gathering pinyon pine nuts is a wonderful way to experience the fall bounty of the pinyon pine in Great Basin National Park.
		The singleaf pinyon, Pinus monophylla, is an abundant tree found in mixed stands with Utah juniper between 6,000 and 9,000 feet.
		Pinyon pine nuts may be gathered and removed from the park only for personal non-commercial use.
	www.nps.gov /grba/Plan/pinyon.htm (249 words)

	Betula spp
		Distribution: Pinyon is native to the southern Rocky Mountain region, predominantly in the foothills, from Colorado and Utah south to central Arizona and southern New Mexico.
		Pinyons generally are small trees, growing less than 35 feet tall, with diameters less than 18 inches.
		Pinyons are long lived, growing for 75 to 200 years, with dominant trees being 400 years old.
	www2.fpl.fs.fed.us /TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/htmlDocs/pinusedulis.html (378 words)

	Colorado Partners in Flight
		In migration they are casual on the eastern plains of Colorado to the Kansas state line (Andrews and Righter 1992).
		Pinyon pine tends to dominate on higher elevation, wetter sites, where trees grow taller.
		This species may be vital in the control of pine and pinyon needle scales, juniper scales, leaf miners, oak lace bugs, fruitworm caterpillars, and tree crickets among other potential pests (Furniss and Carolin 1977).
	www.rmbo.org /pif/bcp/phy87/pj/btyw.htm (881 words)

	Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands of the Colorado Plateau
		Pinyons dominate at higher elevations, and tend to form more closed-canopied stands that exhibit forestlike dynamics and species composition, commonly including a significant shrub component of oaks and alderleaf, mountain mahogany and limited grasses.
		Tree densities have increased, and junipers and pinyon pines have expanded upslope into ponderosa pine forests and downslope into grass and shrub communities.
		On the Colorado Plateau the ice age (Pleistocene) vegetation of the Grand Canyon has been determined through the analysis of plant fossils preserved in caves and fossil packrat middens.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Biota/pinyon-juniper.htm (1577 words)

	Colorado Partners in Flight
		Seventy percent of Colorado's pinyon-juniper woodland is in Physiographic Area 87, the Colorado Plateau.
		Colorado pinyon occurs in the eastern two-thirds of the pinyon pine range, and singleleaf pinyon predominates in Nevada.
		Proportions of juniper and pinyon within the habitat vary greatly, and pure stands of either tree may occur.
	www.rmbo.org /pif/bcp/phy87/pj.htm (679 words)

	GORP - US National Monuments - Colorado National Monument
		Situated at the edge of the Uncompahgre Uplift, the park is part of the greater Colorado Plateau, which also embraces such geologic wonders as the Grand Canyon, Bryce Canyon, and Arches.
		It is a semi-desert land of pinyon pines and Utah junipers, ravens and jays, desert bighorns and coyotes.
		In the deep canyons of Colorado National Monument, where vertical cliff walls and great natural rock sculptures tower overhead, the grand scale of the scenery is overpowering.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_nm/co_color.htm (1677 words)

	PINYON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESOURCES, INC. - Some of our projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pinyon oversaw the excavation and removal of the soil, and then the design and installation of a groundwater remediation system.
		Pinyon collects all samples needed for the discharge permit, and conducts quarterly groundwater monitoring at the site, as required by the State.
		Pinyon sampled the material in the sand trap, and found it to be a characteristically hazardous waste.
	www.pinyon-env.com /projects.html (897 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Heat cited as cause of pinyon pines' die-off
		Heat cited as cause of pinyon pines' die-off
		DENVER — High temperatures were the underlying cause of a massive die-off of pinyon pines in the recent Southwest drought, a research team reported recently.
		For millions of pinyons, also spelled pinons, the immediate cause of death was infestation by bark beetles.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,635155775,00.html (554 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pine
		Siberian Dwarf Pine, Mountain Pine, Whitebark Pine and the bristlecone pines.
		The pinyon pines and a number of others, notably Turkish Pine, are particularly well adapted to growth in hot, dry semi-desert climates.
		There are three main subgenera of Pinus, the subgenus Strobus (White pines or soft pines), the subgenus Ducampopinus (Pinyon, Bristlecone and Lacebark pines), and the subgenus Pinus (Typical pines, or yellow or hard pines).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pine (6269 words)

	Native Plant Information Network - Pinus edulis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Description: Two-needle pine or pinyon pine is a 10-30 ft., picturesque, gnarled evergreen with a compact, globose crown.
		Comments: The edible seeds, known as pinyon nuts, Indian nuts, pine nuts, and pinones (Spanish), are a wild, commercial nut crop.
		Pinyon ranks first among the native nut trees of the United States that are not also cultivated.
	wildflower2.org /NPIN/Plants/Detail.asp?Scientific_Name=Pinus+edulis (202 words)

	Mojave National Preserve - Nature & Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Extensive tracts of pinyon-juniper woodlands may easily be explored at the higher elevations found in the Mid Hills, New York Mountains, and Granite Mountains regions.
		Two types of pinyon pine, Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis) and singleleaf pinyon (P.
		Pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) and rodents depend upon the seeds of the pinyon pine and are common denizens of the pinyon-juniper woodlands.
	www.nps.gov /moja/pphtml/subnaturalfeatures32.html (463 words)

	LUHNA Chapter 9: Landscape Changes in the Southwestern United States: Techniques, Long-term Data Sets, and Trends
		Note that Colorado pinyon's distribution in the state of Colorado may be just a few hundred years old and probably is not yet in equilibrium with modern climate.
		An isolated stand of Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis) at Owl Canyon, north of Fort Collins, Colorado, represents the endpoint of its northward migration since the end of the last ice age (Betancourt et al.
		This 5 km 2 stand was colonized by pinyon pine less than 500 years ago, possibly from accidental plantings by Cheyenne and Arapaho, who carried pinyon nuts in their "trail mix" on treks along the Front Range.
	biology.usgs.gov /luhna/chap9.html (5576 words)

	LATE PLEISTOCENE LIFE ON THE COLORADO PLATEAU: FAUNAL AND FLORAL EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL PARKS, ARIZONA AND UTAH
		The Colorado Plateau is renowned for its mountains, mesas, and canyons.
		The Colorado Plateau provides a wealth of data about the Pleistocene, even though lake, wetland, or marsh deposits are rare, and rock shelters and caves are randomly distributed across the region.
		Assembly of the modern plant communities and ascendance of dominant plant species on the Colorado Plateau are often a recent phenomenon.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_55642.htm (530 words)

	Pine Nuts
		The other eight pinyon species are used to a small extent, as are Gray Pine (Pinus sabineana),
		United States, the pinyon pines have traditionally been the most highly sought after pine nuts.
		Native American ("Red Indian") tribes; in many areas, they have exclusive rights to the harvest.
	www.edinformatics.com /culinaryarts/food_encyclopedia/pine_nuts.htm (398 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Bottlebrush Squirreltail \| Elymus elymoides
		Within Colorado pinyon-Utah juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) habitats of Colorado, bottlebrush squirreltail is associated with Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii), Utah serviceberry (Amelanchier utahensis), true mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus), fendlerbush (Fendlera rupicola), banana yucca (Yucca baccata), and antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata).
		The addition of nitrogen to disturbed sagebrush communities in Colorado [141] and mountain meadows of Nevada [62] had no positive effect on bottlebrush squirreltail establishment.
		Bottlebrush squirreltail is found throughout Colorado on dry hills, plains, and rocky slopes, and within open woods and meadows [92].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/graminoid/elyely/all.html (9936 words)

	Pine nut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In North America the main species are three of the pinyon pines, Colorado Pinyon (Pinus edulis), Single-leaf Pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Mexican Pinyon (Pinus cembroides).
		The other eight pinyon species are used to a small extent, as are Gray Pine (Pinus sabineana), Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) and Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana).
		In the US, bad land use practices have led to the destruction of millions of hectares of productive pinyon pine woods by conversion to grazing lands, and in China, destructive harvesting techniques (breaking off whole branches to harvest the cones) and cutting of the trees for timber have led to losses in production capacity.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pine-nut.htm (655 words)

	Pinyon-Juniper Management Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Land managers, elected leaders, public groups, and the research community recognize emerging issues of concern associated with pinyon-juniper communities, attributed to observed historic expansions of pinyon-juniper woodlands and corresponding losses of open grasslands and savannas.
		This regional expansion is generally believed to result in losses to biodiversity, diminished wildlife habitat and livestock forage resources, degraded watershed quality, and detrimental impacts to recreational uses and aesthetics.
		The Colorado Plateau encompasses a unique combination of diverse geologic substrates, landforms, and climatic gradients not present in biophysical regions where most previous pinyon-juniper investigations have focused.
	www.mpcer.nau.edu /pj (220 words)

	INSTAAR Dendrochronology Lab Research
		Our existing moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies in the Upper Colorado River basin were developed from samples taken almost entirely from living trees, and the longest chronology extends to AD 1126.
		The objectives in extending the chronologies are twofold: (1) to provide longer overlap with high-resolution lake sediment records collected by USGS reseachers, and (2) to permit longer reconstructions of Upper Colorado streamflow.
		Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site in southeastern Colorado was created to preserve, protect, interpret, and memorialize the site of a large Cheyenne and Arapaho village that was attacked by troops of the Colorado Cavalry, on November 29, 1864.
	instaar.colorado.edu /dendrolab/research.html (1469 words)

	Texas Native Plants Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Remote Pinyon is closely related to Mexican Pinyon (P. cembroides) and Colorado Pinyon (P. edulis).
		Remote Pinyon grows on dry, rocky limestone soil in the Del Norte and Glass Mountains, on Madera Mountain and east of the Pecos River.
		Remote pinyon is distinguished from Mexican Pinyon by the thin shells of its nuts - the thinnest shells of all pinyons - and by having usually only two needles per bundle.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /ornamentals/natives/pinusremota.htm (141 words)

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