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Topic: Colorblindness

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	Severity of Colorblindness Varies
		Colorblindness is the inability to distinguish hues that are seen as different by people with normal color vision.
		One of four colorblind people is a dichromat; the remainder are anomalous trichromats who have color vision that is better than dichromats but not as good as normal color vision.
		Colorblindness is usually hereditary and is present at birth.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/999211295.html (779 words)

	- Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Chicago
		Colorblindness is the inability to perceive colors in a normal fashion.
		Colorblindness may exclude people from some jobs, such as being a pilot, where color vision is essential.
		Because colorblindness is seldom a problem in life, genetic counseling is not generally indicated.
	www.nmh.org /nmh/adam/adamencyclopedia/HIEArticles/001002.htm (421 words)

	ArtLex on Colorblindness
		To be colorblind is to have an inability to
		Colorblindness occurs when the amount of pigment sensitivity per cone is reduced, or when one or more of the three cone systems is absent.
		People who are red/green colorblind, for instance, may have difficulty distinguishing between traffic signals that indicate "stop" and "go," so they must rely upon the conventions for the placement of such lights.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/c/colorblind.html (908 words)

	What causes colorblindness?
		In people with colorblindness, either a type of cone is missing, or the cone has a different peak absorption from normal.
		However, colorblindness can also be acquired, as a result of disease or accident (as in the painting at right).
		In this case, the color vision deficiency is caused by disruption to the neural pathways between the eye and the vision centers of the brain, rather than by loss of cone function in the eye.
	webexhibits.org /causesofcolor/2B.html (497 words)

	Color blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These forms of colorblindness are sex linked; the gene responsible is on the X-chromosome, with the dominant gene passed by the mother.
		Thus, females are less likely to be colorblind due to the fact that they have two X-chromosomes, if one chromosome is a carrier of color blindness then the other can compensate and not allow the recessive gene to surface.
		If a teacher is not educated in the area of colorblindness he or she may misdiagnose the problem, but if they are made aware of the possibility of color deficiencies, special measures can be taken to help students.
	hubel.sfasu.edu /courseinfo/SL2000/color_blindness.html (1751 words)

	Gene Research Sheds Light on Cure for Colorblindness
		Colorblindness can likely be cured by gene therapy, according to Medical College of Wisconsin researchers who are conducting a treatment trial designed to discover what happens when a specialized set of normal genes is injected directly into the eye.
		The research into gene therapy for colorblindness may also have applications in diagnosing and treating age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in older populations in the US, because the same cells are involved.
		In the colorblindness trial, normal genes are being injected directly into the retinas of animals to take the place of the missing genes and, it is hoped, confer normal color vision.
	www.healthlink.mcw.edu /article/1031002361.html (1377 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Colorblind
		Colorblindness is usually an inherited condition that is x-linked recessive.
		It is often associated with other problems such as amblyopia (lazy eye), nystagmus (small, jerky eye movements), severe light sensitivity, and extremely poor vision.
		People who are colorblind are not able to see colors with the same intensity as most people.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001002.htm (488 words)

	Misusing MLK Legacy and the Colorblind Theory
		The colorblind thesis embodies one facet of several broad subjects of public policy including: equality, the meaning and application of an antidiscrimination principle, societal conceptions of permissible private/public choices, and the definition of impermissible discrimination.
		While Title VII is colorblind in the sense that an employer covered by the statute may not lawfully consider a person's race in making employment decisions, the statute effectively results in color-aware conduct on the part of employers.
		Ferguson and toward the current use of colorblindness as the "rallying cry of conservatives who seek to protect white males from racial oppression." The misappropriation of King's legacy is all the more alluring for those who would otherwise have to address the aforementioned issues and debate the thesis on the merits.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/03justice/justice06.htm (4336 words)

	Discriminations: Jack's Back! Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Colorblindness did not permit the state to deny fls the right to earn a living or own property on terms different from whites, but neither did it permit interference in the private sphere of private association.
		It is no accident that the rhetoric of colorblindness was selected from the many strands of argument that the Civil Rights Movement made and was championed by whites who were deeply concerned about how far the movement might go.
		The commitment to the colorblind principle is so wide and deep that an outraged public could well conclude that a president who flouted such a fundamental principle had forfeited his right to serve out the remainder of his term.
	www.discriminations.us /archives/000474.html (3201 words)

	Colorblindness - DrGreene.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Red-green colorblindness is a recessive condition passed on the X chromosome.
		If their mothers are carriers (having one normal X chromosome and one colorblind X chromosome), the sons have a 50 percent chance of having the condition.
		Colorblindness is usually tested at children's four-year physicals.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1052.html (975 words)

	Sight & Hearing Association
		Colorblindness (color vision deficiency) is a condition in which certain colors cannot be distinguished; it is most commonly due to an inherited condition.
		The fact that colorblindness is so much more prevalent among men implies that it is carried on the X chromosome, of which men have only one copy.
		Colorblindness is a malfunction of the retina (a neuro-membrane lining the inside back of the eye), which converts light energy into electrical energy that is then transmitted to the brain.
	www.sightandhearing.org /news/healthissue/archive/hi_0204.asp (551 words)

	GNN - How Gene Mutations Cause Colorblindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is well known that people who are colorblind have mutations in their genes that cause a loss of either red or green cones, and they therefore have a hard time distinguishing between colors.
		Now researchers have discovered that some people with the gene mutation that causes colorblindness lose an entire set of “color” cones with no detriment to the acuity of their vision overall.
		Colorblindness primarily afflicts males because the genes for red and green cones are on the X chromosome, and males have only one copy of this chromosome.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/2004/05/28/optics.php (436 words)

	Colorblind People, can they really read your web site? - Design & Layout - Web Dev Articles
		In fact the term colorblindness is a little misleading, because most people with color blindness don’t see the world in fl and white.
		Colorblindness is in a large extent a gender problem, because it is affecting males much more often than females.
		Colorblindness is not a problem if the text on your web site is in blank on a white background.
	www.webdevarticles.com /design-layout/colorblind-people-can-they-read-your-site (558 words)

	Basic Information about Colorblindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When she has one normal and one colorblind version of the gene, then she is considered a carrier of the colorblindness gene.
		Males inherit the colorblindness gene from their mothers because that is from whom they receive their one X chromosome.
		If a man is colorblind and has a daughter, then the daughter necessarily inherits the colorblind gene because she receives his X chromosome.
	hubel.sfasu.edu /research/colorblindness.htm (1904 words)

	Innocent Whites and Colorblindness
		Colorblindness, Individuality, And Merit: An Analysis Of The Rhetoric Against Affirmative Action, John E. Morrison, 79 Iowa L. Rev. 313-366, 335-340 (1994).
		Such an acknowledgement is catastrophic for colorblindness, which has as its major premise that race is not stable enough to use in judicial decision making.
		By narrow majorities, the Court has meticulously laid the groundwork for a new and untested colorblind jurisprudence, with the ultimate aim of invalidating government use of race-conscious affirmative action as an instrument of public policy in dismantling entrenched patterns of systemic discrimination against minorities and women.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/04needs/affirm04.htm (2246 words)

	Colorblindness
		Colorblindness is a general term for the inability to see colors the way most people see them.
		Colorblindness is most commonly a genetic condition that affects about 8% of males and 0.4% of females.
		Symptoms of colorblindness include difficulty distinguishing reds and greens (most common); difficulty distinguishing blues and greens (less common); objects appearing as various shades of gray (this occurs with complete colorblindness and is very rare); and reduced vision.
	www.herbalremedies.com /colorblindness.html (1592 words)

	Colorblindness and Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Colorblindness is a general term for the inability to see color as most people see them.
		Most colorblind people confuse certain colors (they may not be able to tell red from green, for example); in rare cases, an individual may not see color at all.
		In most cases colorblindness is present from birth, although the dimming of vision caused by cataracts can diminish a person’s ability to distinguish color later in life.
	www.healthcatalog.com /colorblindness.htm (450 words)

	CNN article referenced by Chogg
		By slipping on eyeglass lenses with a unique coating that "fine tunes" the light entering the eyes, many of the 12 million colorblind people in the United States may, for the first time, be able to improve their ability to perceive some colors.
		Although they are only available for people suffering from red-green colorblindness, that represents 80 percent of those who have color vision problems.
		Colorblindness, or more accurately color vision deficiency, mostly affects men and tends to run in families.
	www.dai-sho.com /colorblindness/cnnarticle.html (842 words)

	How do things look to colorblind people?
		Many people think anyone labeled as "colorblind" only sees fl and white -- like watching a fl and white movie or television.
		There are many different types and degrees of colorblindness - more correctly called color deficiencies.
		People with normal cones and light sensitive pigment (trichromasy) are able to see all the different colors and subtle mixtures of them by using cones sensitive to one of three wavelength of light - red, green, and blue.
	webexhibits.org /causesofcolor/2.html (333 words)

	Colorblindness Information Page
		Because it is a result of a cone defect, colorblind people are also prone to night blindness, and may have extreme difficulty in seeing in low light, or their color perception may be greatly reduced in low light.
		Dennis G., a colorblind physicist provided information on the physiology of colorblindness and what it's like to be colorblind.
		Delinda J., whose son is colorblind wrote to describe their personal experiences and to ask for further information.
	www.dai-sho.com /colorblindness (1260 words)

	Discriminations: More Colorblindness = Racism Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, it is my argument that NCLB is a product of colorblindness, which is a mechanism of the American racial project, unfailingly in the preservation of white privilege—that is, the rational, material interests (read: economic and social status) of American whites.
		NCLB is a racialized document that perforce has negative effects on fl children; the actual impact of its policies and practices versus its intent or rhetoric which itself belies the historical purpose of schooling in America.
		Evidence to this claim include, what I refer to as, the embeddedness of NCLB in the ideology of colorblindness (abstract liberalism, individualism, universalism, etc.), the outright sins of omission related to issues of desegregation, and the variety of negative effects of its mandates on fl students....
	www.discriminations.us /storage/002934.html (627 words)

	colorblindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		John Dalton (1766-1844), a chemist who developed the atomic theory, was colorblind and did some work on his deficiency.
		Red-green colorblindness (protan or deutan defects) occurs on the X-chromosome.
		Multiple copies of each are also fine, but if a green or a red gene is missing, then colorblindness (deutan or protan defects) will occur.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~basehore/colorblindness.html (1168 words)

	Colors for the Colorblind
		Most colorblindness is a genetic defect involving the X-chromosome which affects the approximately 6 million color-sensitive cells of the retina called cones.
		People with complete colorblindness, a rare retinal defect affecting the cones of 0.003% of caucasian males, are achromatic, also known as monochromatic.
		While designing for all forms of colorblindness may be difficult, we can construct some rules of thumb for using colors that people with dyschromatopsia can distinguish.
	www.designmatrix.com /pl/cyberpl/cftcb.html (971 words)

	Colorblind we are: metameric colors
		About 8% of males (in most populations) are traditionally defined as colorblind.
		Some colorblind people are happy with a match over a large number of ratios, showing lower color discrimination.
		So, one could say, they are not fooled by the Rayleigh mixture of red and green into thinking it is identical to spectral yellow.
	www.visualmill.com (469 words)

	ATPM 10.04 - Web Accessibility: Part 3: Color and Type
		The term “colorblindness” might lead you to believe that a colorblind person would see the world like a fl and white movie.
		Any problems that a colorblind user may encounter with your Web site are often due to matters of contrast and distinguishability, which we’ll also address when we’re thinking about people with poor vision.
		Colorblind people are used to perceiving the world in the way that they do, and the fact that they might not see the exact shades in your vacation photos is not going to be a show-stopper.
	www.atpm.com /10.04/web-accessibility.shtml (3777 words)

	Discriminations: Balking At Balkin On Colorblindness Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yesterday Jack replied with a lengthy, thoughtful rejoinder that nicely reveals a number of the differences between preferentialists and colorblinders (which do not perfectly coincide with liberals and conservatives, although the fit is close).
		it seems to me that the intent of the colorblind is to erace all racial consciousness from the working practice of admissions officers on the grounds that it is impossible to be fair about race given our national history.
		For all its flaws, "separate but equal" was at least a defensible interpretation of the 14th Amendment, which by its terms requires only that the races be treated "equally," not necessarily that they be treated identically in all respects.
	www.discriminations.us /archives/000456.html (2655 words)

	CNN.com - Technology - Photoshop filter simulates colorblindness - October 12, 2000
		The company notes that about seven percent of the male population suffers from visual color deficiency (it is extremely rare in women).
		In dichromatic vision, one of these photoreceptors is missing, in the more-common anomalous trichromancy, sensitivity shifts among different types of cones, making it difficult to distinguish certain colors.
		The filter presents the image as viewed by someone with dichromatic vision, but the developer said the effect is similar to viewing the image with the less-severe form of colorblindness.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/TECH/computing/10/12/photoshop.colorblind.idg (366 words)

	The Myth of Colorblindness
		For every pseudoisochromatic Ishihara test used to diagnose "colorblindness" I can make 1000 Ishihara tests with which normal color vision people can be diagnosed with "colorblindness", based on the fact that they cannot see the numbers printed even though a prism can clearly show different light spectra.
		As said before, the term colorblindness is relative in the sense that creatures with tetrachromatic color vision may call normal humans colorblind just as normal trichromatic humans call dichromatic and anamolous trichromatic humans colorblind.
		The fact that "colorblind" people can see color differences which are invisible to other people, might have some more uses than being able to bomb the camps of Nazis who forgot to camouflage their camps for color deficient people as well as for people with normal color vision.
	henrysturman.com /english/articles/colorvision.html (7036 words)

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