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Topic: Columbia (supercomputer)

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	NASA - NASA Unveils Its Newest, Most Powerful Supercomputer
		Columbia was named to honor the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia lost Feb. 1, 2003.
		"With Columbia, scientists are already seeing dramatic improvements in the fidelity of simulations in such areas as hurricane track prediction, global ocean circulation, prediction of large scale structures in the universe, and the physics of supernova detonations," he said.
		Columbia already is enabling scientists to conduct research and analyze complex data much faster in a variety of scientific disciplines.
	www.nasa.gov /home/hqnews/2004/oct/HQ_04353_columbia.html (759 words)

	supercomputer. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great amount of computation, among them meteorology, animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research and weapon simulation, and petroleum exploration.
		This technique was employed in the Earth Simulator, a Japanese supercomputer introduced in 2002 that utilizes 640 nodes composed of 5104 specialized processors to execute 35.6 trillion mathematical operations per second; it will be used to analyze earthquake and weather patterns and climate change, including global warming.
		In 2003 scientists at Virginia Tech assembled a relatively low-cost supercomputer using 1,100 dual-processor Apple Macintoshes; it was ranked at the time as the third fastest machine in the world.
	www.bartleby.com /65/su/supercomp.html (326 words)

	Columbia Unveils Supercomputer That Will Simulate Birth Of The Universe
		The supercomputer, dubbed QCDSP, is the latest in a series of relatively inexpensive parallel supercomputers now in use at universities around the world that have been built at Columbia, in what has become a burgeoning cottage industry for the physics department.
		The Columbia machine's vast computing power, which with others of its generation offers a 30-fold improvement over the previous generation of supercomputers, is needed to simulate the interactions between quarks and gluons, the tiny constituents of neutrons and protons, predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theory.
		The Columbia supercomputer will also be used to simulate interactions within atomic nuclei under other conditions, and could if necessary be programmed to carry out any of a number of highly complex calculations in fields such as weather forecasting, plasma physics and oil exploration.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-04/CU-CUST-210498.php (1204 words)

	Now, NASA supercomputer is 'fastest'
		Dubbed 'Project Columbia', the $50 million computer built by Silicon Graphics Inc. is composed of 10,240 processors in 20 units, making it one of the world's most powerful supercomputing systems.
		The investigation into the Columbia crash on February 1, 2003 had found that a piece of insulation foam came off during the flight, hitting the wing of the vehicle.
		The Columbia space shuttle accident and a growing concern that the United States is falling behind in supercomputing technology to other countries, such as Japan, have led to a renewed interest in big computers.
	inhome.rediff.com /money/2004/oct/27supercomp.htm (877 words)

	NASA supercomputer harnessed
		The Columbia supercomputer, named to honor the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia lost in early 2003, was unveiled at NASA Ames on October 26.
		On Columbia, the researchers are able to run this simulation long enough to see the complexities in the evolution develop.
		Columbia is a highly integrated cluster of supercomputers driven by 10,240 Intel Itanium 2 processors.
	currents.ucsc.edu /04-05/11-15/supercomputer.asp (1350 words)

	Columbia (supercomputer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Columbia is housed at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing facility in Mountain View, California.
		Columbia is a supercomputer built by Silicon Graphics for NASA.
		The supercomputer was installed at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing facility in 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Columbia_(supercomputer) (234 words)

	Columbia News ::: Columbia Supercomputer Project Receives $5 Million from RIKEN of Japan
		Physicists from Columbia and the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) plan to build a supercomputer capable of 10 trillion arithmetic operations per second (10 Teraflops) for explorations of sub-atomic particles.
		To be completed in 2003, the supercomputer will be used by physicists at the RIKEN Brookhaven facility and the Columbia Physics Department for investigations of quarks and gluons, the subatomic particles from which the atomic nucleus is constructed.
		This computer design project has been underway at Columbia since the fall of 1999 and represents a close collaboration between Columbia, the T.J. Watson Research Laboratory of IBM, RIKEN and a large collaboration in the United Kingdom known as UKQCD, centered at the University of Edinburgh.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/news/02/04/supercomputer.html (844 words)

	RedOrbit - Technology - Silicon Graphics Unveils World's Fastest Supercomputer at Wisconsin Plant
		But supercomputer Columbia's selling point is its own speed, with the ability to perform 61 teraflops -- or trillion calculations per second -- at its peak.
		Columbia was completed in 120 days on Oct. 12 by working around the clock, seven days a week.
		To demonstrate its power, the Columbia supercomputer needed only two days in an exercise to solve the mystery of the debris that broke off the Columbia shuttle's rockets and struck its shuttle wing's edge, leading to its crash.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=98151 (1171 words)

	NASA's New Supercomputer Powered by Intel® Itanium® 2 Processors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Columbia is already having a major impact on NASA's science, aeronautics, and exploration programs, in addition to playing a critical role in preparing the space shuttle for return to safe flight sometime in 2005.
		Now that Columbia is fully operational, NASA plans to accelerate its scientific pursuits in a variety of fields: detailed hurricane predictions, global warming studies, electronic wind tunnel simulations, galaxy formation and supernova analysis, and experiments leading to safer space exploration.
		The supercomputer was available to scientists throughout its installation, giving NASA and the U.S. government an immediate and revolutionary boost in tackling some of history's toughest scientific problems.
	www.intel.com /technology/computing/hw10041.htm (822 words)

	SGI - Press Releases: NASA's Columbia Supercomputer is World's Fastest
		Columbia's record results were achieved running the LINPACK benchmark on 8,192 of the NASA supercomputer's 10,240 processors.
		Columbia is already having a major impact on NASA's science, aeronautics, and exploration programs, in addition to playing a critical role in the Space Shuttle Return to Flight activity.
		Signaling a new era in deployable supercomputing technology, the Linux® OS-based Columbia system is built from the same industry standard, commercially available Altix systems that have been in widespread use throughout the world since SGI introduced Altix in January 2003.
	www.sgi.com /company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2004/october/worlds_fastest.html (743 words)

	Supercomputing Online
		A group led by astrophysicist Stan Woosley is using the Columbia supercomputer to run simulations of a "burning floating bubble" representing a small piece of a supernova as it explodes.
		The Columbia supercomputer, built from SGI Altix systems and named to honor the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia lost in early 2003, was unveiled at NASA Ames on October 26.
		Earth sciences professor Gary Glatzmaier provided this snapshot from a simulation on the Columbia supercomputer of turbulent convection in a rapidly rotating disk or equatorial plane of a star or giant planet.
	www.supercomputingonline.com /print.php?sid=7491 (1283 words)

	CSC: CSC-Supported Supercomputer Assists NASA's Return to Flight
		Also, the supercomputer is supporting more than 650 NASA users across an array of vital projects including Return to Flight, aerospace vehicle design, and climate research and ocean modeling and the CSC team continues to provide critical systems, network, applications, and operations support for Columbia and its users.
		They used the CSC-supported Columbia supercomputer housed at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif. Named to honor the crew of the space shuttle Columbia lost in February 2003, the supercomputer played an integral role in the Discovery mission, providing continuous technical analysis from launch to landing.
		Today, the Columbia supercomputer is supporting more than 650 NASA users across an array of vital projects, including "Return to Flight" efforts; NASA Engineering and Safety Center activities; aerospace vehicle design; climate research and hurricane prediction; and space exploration.
	www.csc.com /industries/aerospacedefense/casestudies/2569.shtml (940 words)

	NAS Project: Columbia
		NASA's most powerful supercomputer, named Columbia to honor the Space Shuttle astronauts, is revitalizing the agency's high-end computing infrastructure and helping make breakthrough scientific discoveries and engineering advances to support agency missions.
		NASA's Columbia supercomputer is producing improved science and engineering advances never before dreamed possible.
		The Columbia supercluster was completed in just over four months in 2004.
	www.nas.nasa.gov /About/Projects/Columbia/columbia.html (155 words)

	SGI - Features: One Giant Leap - How NASA, SGI and Intel managed to build and deploy history's most powerful ...
		NASA’s 10,240-processor Columbia supercomputer is built from 20 Altix nodes, each powered by 512 Intel Itanium 2 processors.
		NASA's "Columbia" supercomputer, so named to honor the crew lost in the 2003 shuttle accident, may have been born of necessity.
		In March, Brooks began meeting with NASA simulation and supercomputing experts from throughout the nation to develop a program to revitalize high-performance computing at the agency.
	www.sgi.com /features/2004/oct/columbia (925 words)

	Product of the Day: SuperComputing 2004 Product Spotlight -- NASA's Columbia Altix Supercomputer
		The Columbia Supercomputer named to honor the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia lost Feb 1, 2003 is an integrated cluster of 20 interconnected SGI Altix 512-processor systems.
		"With Columbia, scientists are already seeing dramatic improvements in the fidelity of simulations in such areas as global ocean circulation, prediction of large scale structures in the universe, and the physics of supernova detonations." Calculations that use to take years can now be done in days.
		This supercomputer performance rating is 42.7 trillion calculations per second sustained performance on 16 of 20 systems and a 88% efficiency rating on the LINPACK benchmark.
	www.linuxjournal.com /node/7910/print (569 words)

	NASA Ames wins Government Computer News Award for Columbia supercomputer project
		NASA Ames and the Columbia supercomputer were selected by GCN as a winning IT project for significantly improving the efficiency and effectiveness of NASA in accomplishing its mission, and for solving significant, longstanding supercomputing problems in a measurable and sustained way.
		The Columbia supercomputer supported such Return to Flight activities as the investigation and analyses of cracks in the main propulsion system's fuel flow liner; aerodynamics studies of the shuttle's ascent; debris transport analyses; development of an automated plotting tool for debris paths; and internal and external aerothermal fluid dynamics studies.
		The Columbia supercomputer, built from 20 SGI Altix systems, each powered by 512 Intel Itanium 2 processors, has revolutionized the rate of scientific discovery at NASA.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/05/articles/weekly/AE-PR-11-05-50.html (840 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Technology \| Nasa powers up with supercomputer
		Project Columbia, a collaboration with two technology giants, will mean Nasa's computing power will be ramped up by 10 times to do complex simulations.
		Nasa said the supercomputer will help patch holes in its computing power limitations that were highlighted following the Columbia shuttle disaster in which seven astronauts were killed.
		The Project Columbia supercomputer's shared memory means a large problem or scenario can be worked on by all the processors simultaneously.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/technology/3532706.stm (700 words)

	Light Reading - Voltaire Powers NASA Supercomputer - Telecom News Wire
		NASA's Columbia supercomputer, a collaborative effort between several companies including Silicon Graphics (NYSE: SGI - message board), Intel and Voltaire promises to revolutionize the rate of scientific discovery at NASA by reducing the computation time required to solve some of the world's most complex scientific problems.
		Columbia was deployed in fewer than 120 days, of which, only three weeks were needed to cable and bring up the InfiniBand fabric.
		Columbia's record results were achieved running the LINPACK benchmark on 8,192 of the supercomputer's 10,240 processors.
	www.lightreading.com /document.asp?doc_id=62146 (872 words)

	ScienceDaily: Columbia Unveils Supercomputer That Will Simulate Birth Of The Universe
		Supercomputers Help Physicists Understand A Force Of Nature (July 12, 2006) -- A breakthrough in the calculations needed to understand the strong nuclear force that comes from the motion of quarks and gluons is allowing scientists to begin finding answers to some profound...
		Supercomputer Simulations Provide Details Of Formation Of The First Star Universe (November 16, 2001) -- New cosmological simulations performed on a supercomputer have provided astrophysicists with the best indication to date of how the first star in the universe formed.
		Supercomputer -- A supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/1998/04/980423071022.htm (2531 words)

	CRM News: Hardware: NASA-SGI Supercomputer: Tops in Speed and Research
		Ames Advanced Supercomputing facilities tout the amazing research abilities of the super system, which they say cuts more than a year's worth of work down to days.
		Thigpen added that while Columbia is already serving a broad spectrum of different scientific studies, the supercomputer will also be used by the NSF and be available to other researchers on a proposal basis.
		Columbia coordinators and backers also indicated that the system was assembled in less than four months' time and was available to researchers throughout installation.
	www.crmbuyer.com /story/37663.html (866 words)

	NewsFactor Network
		One distinction of the new supercomputer is that it was built in less than four months.
		Columbia also will address science questions, such as the structure of the universe and the nature of supernovas.
		Although SGI appears to have won a round in the supercomputer race, the firm is more concerned about one-upping its competition on more practical levels.
	www.newsfactor.com /perl/story/27924.html (838 words)

	NASA's Columbia Supercomputer Tackles Einstein's Equations
		Relying on Columbia, NASA's record -- setting supercomputer built from 20 SGI Altix systems, the Goddard team was able to simulate how colliding fl holes will throw off gravitational waves that ripple throughout the fabric of the universe.
		One of the world's most powerful computers, the Columbia supercomputer is built from 20 SGI Altix systems, each powered by 512 Intel Itanium 2 processors, and has revolutionized the rate of scientific discovery at NASA.
		Originally outfitted with 440 TB of storage, NASA's Columbia supercomputer required additional storage capacity to accommodate the massive data management, access and retrieval demands of its broad user base.
	www.hpcwire.com /hpc/739719.html (918 words)

	SGI - Press Releases: NASA, SGI and Intel Build and Deploy 'Columbia' in Record Time: New Supercomputer World's Most ...
		The Columbia supercomputer, built from 20 SGI® Altix® systems, each powered by 512 Intel®; Itanium® 2 processors, promises to revolutionize the rate of scientific discovery at NASA.
		Columbia was deployed in fewer than 120 days, with the final systems installed on Oct. 12.
		Columbia represents a new breed of large scale supercomputer, one that can be replicated at any national laboratory or university."
	www.sgi.com /company_info/newsroom/press_releases/2004/october/columbia.html (1563 words)

	Restarting the supercomputer race
		High-performance computer maker Silicon Graphics announced it has built the world's most powerful supercomputer at its Chippewa Falls, Wis., plant — a machine that will out-process one built by IBM in Rochester, Minn., that claimed the world's-fastest title just last month.
		But supercomputer Columbia's selling point is its own speed, with the ability to perform 61 teraflops —; or trillion calculations per second —; at its peak.
		The $6 billion supercomputer market is small compared to the $46.1 billion business server market, but demand for supercomputers is growing steadily — nudged in part by a White House task force that saw Earth Simulator as a computing "Sputnik," challenging U.S. supercomputing supremacy, Snell said.
	arneberg.com /chippewa/articles/2004.1027.sgi_nasa (1104 words)

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