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	Columbia Graphophone Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Columbia Graphophone Company was one of the earliest gramophone companies in the United Kingdom.
		In 1922 Columbia Phonograph, as it was then known, sold its UK subsidiary Columbia Graphophone, but in 1925 Columbia Graphophone bought its former parent for $2.5 million.
		Columbia outside the U.K. The history of the Columbia record label outside the UK is dealt with in more detail in Columbia Records.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Columbia_Graphophone_Company (198 words)

	Columbia Records
		Columbia was originally the local company distributing and selling Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, D.C. Maryland and Delaware.
		Columbia severed its ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company[?] in 1893, and thereafter sold only records and phonographs of their own manufacture.
		In July of 1912 Columbia decided to concentrate exclusively on disc records, and stopped recording new cylinder records and manufacturing cylinder phonographs, although they continued pressing and selling cylinder records from their back catalogue for a year or two more.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Columbia_Graphophone_Company.html (320 words)

	Columbia Records - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Columbia Records is the oldest brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888, and in fact was the first record company to produce pre-recorded records as opposed to blank cylinders.
		Columbia was originally the local company distributing and selling Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, DC, Maryland and Delaware, and derives its name from the District of Columbia, which was its headquarters.
		The Columbia trademark from this point until the late 1950s was two overlapping circles with the Magic Notes in the left circle and a CBS microphone in the right circle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Columbia_Records (917 words)

	Gramophone Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gramophone Company, based in the United Kingdom, was one of the early recording companies.
		The UK Gramophone Company was founded by William Barry Owen and his partner/investor Trevor Williams in 1897 as the U.K. partner of Emile Berliner's United States based United States Gramophone Company, which had been founded in 1892.
		Contrary to some sources, the Victor Talking Machine Company was never a branch or subsidiary of Gramophone, as Johnson's manufactory, which had been making talking machines for Berliner, was his own company with many mechanical patents that he owned, which patents were valuable in the patent pool agreement with Columbia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gramophone_Company (635 words)

	EMI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		EMI was also an electronic manufacturing company that was very involved in the development of television broadcasting in the UK.
		By most measures, a merged company of EMI and WMG would be even bigger than Sony BMG, and therefore would almost certainly not receive approval from the EC.
		The Sex Pistols were briefly signed to the label from October 8, 1976 to January 27, 1977 in a relationship that was fraught with controversy, and that had lasting repercussions for the history of the music industry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EMI_Music (850 words)

	Sony Music Online USA
		Columbia and Epic trace their beginnings to the late 1880s, to the Columbia Graphophone Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, and the experiments of scientist Charles Sumner Tainter and his engineer colleague Chichester A. Bell, a cousin of Alexander Graham Bell.
		In 1916, the company initiated in America the practice of recording symphony orchestras, notably the Chicago and New York orchestras.
		In 1948, Columbia introduced the 33-1/3 rpm LP (or long-playing record), invented by Peter Goldmark, which revolutionized the industry and soon became the accepted standard for sound reproduction.
	www.sonymusic.com /sony/about.html (1598 words)

	Parlophone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the war, the Transoceanic Trading Company was set up in the Netherlands to look after its overseas assets.
		In 1927, Columbia Graphophone Company of the United Kingdom acquired a controlling interest in the Carl Lindstrom Company and thereby in Parlophone.
		In 1931, Columbia merged with the Gramophone Company to form EMI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parlophone_Records (314 words)

	Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company 1920's - Early Crank ( Grammy ...
		This historic document was printed by the American Banknote Company and has an ornate border around it with a vignette of two angels with the company logo.
		Certificate Vignette The Columbia Graphaphone Company was one of the three major companies in the early days of recording, sharing the scene with The Edison Phonograph Company and the Victor Talking Machine Company.
		While Columbia proved to be very active in the recording scene and remained for very years a successful company, they were not able to get out of the shadow of Edison in the early years.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,columbia-graphophone-manufacturing,338320.html (182 words)

	Beatle Money: An Economic History of The Beatles
		In 1897 the Gramophone Company began trading in London, intending to establish a European market for the gramophone and its flat disc records which Emile Berliner had invented and patented in the USA some ten years earlier.
		Initially the Company's catalogue consisted mainly of songs by music hall artists, brass band recordings and other popular material, but in 1902 a rising young opera star, Enrico Caruso, recorded ten arias in a hotel room in Milan, and thereby helped to establish the gramophone as a serious medium for classical music.
		Columbia was soon the main competitor of the Gramophone Company, which had become known as HMV because of its use of the "His Master's Voice" painting as its main trademark.
	www.beatlemoney.com /beatles6063recordcompany.htm (729 words)

	Early Record Label History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Columbia was one of the original record companies, and its origin can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century, when it was engaged in the manufacture of cylinders, and phonograph machines.
		Columbia's cheap label was the "Phoenix" label which was pressed in the UK and the USA.
		Columbia was taken over in the 1980's by Sony Music, and still exists today, though the name and the "magic notes" logo are much less prominent..
	www.angelfire.com /band/vintage78rpm/great78/Early_Record_Labels.htm (958 words)

	Columbia Record Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The approximately 1750 entries range from ballad operas columbia record company and composers of the 18th century to modern minimalists columbia record company and video opera artists.
		In addition to the operas columbia record company and the people associated with them, the work includes entries for the American opera companies columbia record company and for each of the 50 states columbia record company and the District of Columbia, listing the dates columbia record company and venues of all American operas performed there.
		She sets off for earth to set the record straight columbia record company and the results are more than a-"musing." In 1946, Columbia knew it had all the makings of a blockbuster by reworking the "Here Comes Mr.
	www.ynhproductions.com /columbiarecordcompany.html (918 words)

	IEEEVM: Edward Easton
		Edward Easton was the founder of the Columbia Graphophone Company, one of the earliest manufacturers of a cylinder record player called that competed with Edison's phonograph.
		With several other investors, Easton helped organize a company in Washington that held the local monopoly on sales and service of both the Edison phonograph and a new competitor called the Graphophone, which was a modified version of the phonograph that used wax cylinders (eventually all cylinder record players would adopt these wax cylinders).
		Columbia Phonograph thrived for a number of years, but when the phonograph market turned down it abandoned its line of entertainment phonographs and concentrated only on office dictation machines—a technology based on Easton’s passion for “mechanical stenography.” The company was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, and survives to this day.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/people.php?taid=&id=1234682&lid=1 (421 words)

	MMD Archives: Columbia Graphophone and Orthophonic Credenza
		Incidentally, the move to enclose the horn was championed, although not technically begun, by Victor with the introduction of the Victrola in 1906.
		Both companies, and later imitators, were responding to consumer tastes of the time which felt that the open horn machines (although providing better sound quality, as we know today) were UGLY.
		Viewed with today's eye, the open horn models were generally very early (within the first twenty years of the commercial availability of disc records) and are considered quaint reminders of a simpler time.
	mmd.foxtail.com /Archives/Digests/199810/1998.10.20.06.html (868 words)

	HISTORY OF COLUMBIA AND EPIC RECORDS
		Columbia and Epic trace their beginnings to the late 1880's, to the Columbia Graphophone Company of Bridgeport, Conneticut, and the experiments of scientist Charles Sumner Tainter and his engineer colleague Chichester A. Bell, a cousin of Alexander Graham Bell.
		By 1891, Columbia was the first company to offer a catalogue's-worth of it phonograph and cylinders.
		The year of 1904 brought the first discs to play at 78 rpm, and the pioneering double-sided records whose inner core of rice paper and mica compound was surrounded by a durable layer of shellac.
	sonynashville.com /History (917 words)

	The 78rpm Home Page - The Canadian Columbia Group of Labels 1921-1931: How to Distinguish Canadian from American
		Columbia, Harmony, and Velvet Tone were issued in Canada during part of this period.
		Columbia disc records were probably pressed in Canada almost from the introduction of the disc record...
		We have been told by Joe Showler, an expert record collector and record producer, that this ring is called "the centre plate", and it is the mark of the head of the bolt that holds the stamper to the die in the press.
	78rpmrecord.com /colcan.htm (1395 words)

	New Page 2
		He recalls Columbia studio carpenters building shelves and "hammering away while we tried to play," which is inconceivable if the band had been recording though it is plausible if the band was merely auditioning for Columbia executives.
		Columbia was beginning the experiment of issuing some records near the middle of a month.
		The Columbia company in England engaged the band in 1919 and 1920 for 17 numbers issued on twelve-inch discs.
	www.odjb.com /ODJBrecorded.htm (3527 words)

	Referenced Case
		The compulsory license provision in the Copyright statute is the result of Congress's concern in 1909 to preempt exclusionary trusts among record companies, and we must, said the court, construe the provision liberally to permit wide ranging interpretations of underlying musical works to fall within its ambit.
		Columbia Graphophone Co., 270 F. (S.D.N.Y.1920), the District Court affirmed a determination by a Special Master that the various steps taken to produce a record stamper were all essential to the manufacturer and that the party who made all the arrangements was deemed to be the manufacturer.
		Columbia Graphophone Co., supra, and Edward B. Marks MusicCorporation v.
	www.columbia.edu /ccnmtl/projects/law/library/cases/case_feistapollo.html (4602 words)

	Albert Ketèlbey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Once, whilst conducting a programme of his own music at a Royal Command Performance, Ketèlbey gave a second rendering of the State Procession Movement of his Cockney Suite during the interval, at the request of King George V, who had arrived too late to hear it performed at the beginning of the programme.
		He was active in several other fields including being music editor to some well-known publishing houses and for some years Musical Director of the Columbia Graphophone Company.
		He died at his home, Egypt Hill, in Cowes, where he had moved to in order to concentrate on writing and his hobby of playing billiards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albert_Ket%C3%A8lbey (410 words)

	Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company 1920-1921
		This historic document was printed by the American Banknote Company and has an ornate border around it.
		This item is hand signed by the Company’s Vice President and Assistant Treasurer and is over 81 years old.
		The Columbia Graphaphone Company was one of the three major companies in the early days of recording, sharing the scene with The Edison Phonograph Company and the Victor Talking Machine Company.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,columbia-graphophone-manufacturing,338321.html (148 words)

	[No title]
		In 1901 the Columbia Graphophone Company, taking advantage of the legal fighting of the Berliner interests, and recognizing the advantages of the disc format over cylinders, began to build and market disc records and machines.
		However Columbia required changes to these machines so that only special records, not produced by Columbia could be played.
		Built by Columbia in 1904 and is identical except for the spindle as the Columbia "AU"
	doldon.ca /museum/tour9.htm (239 words)

	profile
		One of these was the Columbia Phonograph Company, in the Baltimore/Washington market.
		By 1895, Columbia was manufacturing hundreds of cylinders daily, and by the end of the century it had a catalog of more than 5,000 recordings.
		"A decade later, in 1948, Columbia introduced the 33 1/3 rpm LP (or long-playing record), which revolutionized the industry and soon became the accepted standard for sound reproduction.
	www.bsu.edu /web/kaspurling/profile3.html (953 words)

	Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company circa 1920's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Description: Beautifully engraved Certificate from the famous Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company issued in the 1920's.
		This historic document was printed by the American Banknote Company and has an ornate border around it with a vignette of two angels flanking the company's famous logo.
		This item is hand signed by the company's officers and is over 76 years old.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,columbia-graphophone-manufacturing,339663.html (99 words)

	Columbia Graphophone Model Q (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The type "QQ" was known as the Mignon in France, and was the great success for the Graphophone company, after the "Eagle." This model was much imitated in Germany.
		This Graphophone is slightly smaller than the Columbia type B, although similar in concept.
		The later Columbia Q had a fl bedplate and revised governor support.
	www.worldofgramophones.com /columbia-q-graphophone-cylinder.html (165 words)

	French Culture \| media partner \| EMI Classics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Columbia Graphophone Company was also establishing itself in Europe, initially selling the cylinder records and phonographs invented by Thomas Edison, but quickly switching to flat discs.
		In November 1931 EMI opened the world's first purpose-built recording studio complex in North London at 3 Abbey Road, which remains to this day the centre of EMI's recording and post-production work.
		The creation of EMI Classics, and the introduction of a uniform record numbering system, enabled all of EMI's classical releases, now with tri-lingual notes (English, French, and German), to be included in a single international catalogue available throughout the entire world.
	www.frenchculture.org /sponsors/2000/emiclassics.html (506 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - EMI
		The Electrical and Music Industries Ltd formed in March 1931 from a merger of the UK Columbia Graphophone Company and the Gramophone Company/HMV.
		In 1955, to replace the loss of its long-established licensing arrangements with RCA Victor and Columbia Records, EMI entered the American market by acquiring Capitol Records.
		In the early 1970s EMI established a new subsidiary label, Harvest Records, which signed groups in the emerging progressive rock genre, including Pink Floyd.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/EMI (428 words)

	Music CD Industry: Big Six Profile
		The largest entertainment company in the industry is Time Warner Entertainment Group, located in the United States, which owns the Warner Music Group.
		The company is 75% owned by Phillips Electronics N.V. Their biggest mergers and acquisitions have been with Polydor, Mercury Records, MGM Records, Phonogram, Island Records Group, AandM Records, RandB powerhouse Motown in 1993, and finally a 50% interest in Def Jam Records in 1994.
		By acquiring Aristan Records in 1979, the company took off in the United States and in 1986 the company bought RCA Victor from General Electric.
	www.soc.duke.edu /~s142tm01/profile.html (336 words)

	American Chicle Company ( Famous Gum Company )
		This historic document was printed by the American Banknote Company in 1925 and has an ornate border around it.
		In 1899 the leading gum manufacturers organized themselves into the American Chicle Company.
		This company was eventually purchased by the Warner-Lambert Company, which is now part of Pfizer.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,american-chicle-company,336965.html (96 words)

	Columbia Graphophone Musics Message Ad 1918
		Description: Columbia Graphophone Musics Message Ad 1918 This is a November 1918 advertisement.
		It is a nice fl and white ad from Columbia Graphophone Company of New York.
		Instructor is playing a record on the Grafonola and it reads, Columbia Educational records bring to boys and girls the opportunity to develop to the fullest extent the power to hear, in music, the complement of their inner and outer experiences.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,columbia-graphophone-musics,803156.html (171 words)

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