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	Columbia River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Columbia River is a river situated in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
		Columbia River, Revelstoke, BC Columbia Lake forms the Columbia's headwaters in the Canadian Rockies of southern British Columbia.
		The river then runs southsouthwest through the Columbia Plateau, changing to a southeasterly direction near the Columbia Basin, where the magnificent Gorge at George is located.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Columbia_River (1385 words)

	Columbia River Plateau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Washington towns of Spokane, Vantage, Yakima and Pasco, and the Oregon town of Pendleton, lie on the Columbia River Plateau.
		The Columbia River Plateau lies across parts of the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
		The ancient Columbia River was forced into its present course by the northwesterly advancing lava.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Columbia_River_Plateau (263 words)

	Columbia River Flood Basalt Province, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, USA
		The outer limits of the Chief Joseph dike swarm are marked by CJ (vents for the flows in the Imhaha, Grande Ronde, and Wanapum Formations and Saddle Mountains Basalt).
		The Paso Basin is near the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
		hot spots and the Yellowstone hot spot may have influenced magma generation for the Columbia River flood basalt but the vents were 300-400 km north of the hot spot track and the chemistry of the basalts suggest a source in the lithospheric mantle not the asthenosphere as expected for hot spot magmas.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/crb.html (705 words)

	AllRefer.com - Columbia Plateau, United States (U.S. Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Most of the plateau is underlaid by deposits, more than 10,000 ft (3,048 m) thick in places, of lava (mainly basalt) interbedded with sedimentary rock; older rocks outcrop in the Blue and Wallowa mts.
		Older, decayed lavas, much modified by accumulations of loess, occur in the north in the Columbia basin section; coulees (dry river canyons) and scablands (extensively eroded basalt surfaces), both carved by glacial meltwaters, are features of the region.
		The Columbia Plateau is an important agricultural and grazing area and is a major source of hydroelectric power.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/ColumbP.html (260 words)

	Columbia Plateau -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Columbia Plateau was formed by volcanic eruptions and subsequently reshaped by erosion.
		It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and the panhandle region of the U.S. state of Alaska, on the north by the Yukon and Northwest territories, on the east by the province of Alberta, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington.
		The Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest, the Deccan “Traps” of India, and the Ethiopian Plateau of Africa are examples.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024882?tocId=9024882 (847 words)

	HA 730-H Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system text
		In the east-central parts of the plateau, the basalt sequence is relatively free of interbedded unconsolidated deposits, except for the interbed that separates the Wanapum Basalt and the Grande Ronde Basalt.
		Water in the Grande Ronde Basalt moves toward the Snake and Columbia Rivers from recharge areas near the margins of the Columbia Plateau (fig.
		The Snake and Columbia Rivers are discharge areas for water that recharges the Wanapum Basalt near its periphery.
	capp.water.usgs.gov /gwa/ch_h/H-text9.html (2269 words)

	Whitman Geology -- Local Geology
		The Columbia Plateau is bordered on the north and east by the Rocky Mountains, the south by the Basin and Range Province, and the west by the Cascades.
		Between the Columbia River and the Blue Mountains, the OWL is formed by a 200-m high escarpment that marks the trace of the Wallula fault zone, a series of high-angle en echelon faults that display evidence for both dip-slip and strike-slip motion.
		The sediment load of these rivers was augmented during the glaciations of the Pleistocene; glaciers grew and shrank in the Cascades to the west, British Columbia to the north, the Rockies to the east, and the Wallowa and Elkhorn Mountains to the southeast.
	www.whitman.edu /offices_departments/geology/LocalGeo.html (1453 words)

	Columbia Plateau Indian Tribes - Whitman Mission NHS
		The Plateau Indians live in the area between the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountains and north of the Great Basin.
		The people of the Plateau moved from place to place throughout the year to gather edible vegetables and fruits, including camas, kouse, bitter-roots, serviceberry, chokecherry, huckleberry, and wild strawberries.
		When horses came to the area, the world of the Plateau people expanded, allowing them to trade with the tribes on the plains east of the Rocky Mountains for things such as bison meat and hides.
	www.nps.gov /whmi/educate/ortrtg/2or2.htm (1627 words)

	life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The hunting in the plateau tribes was done by the men and was considered work, not sport as we do today, for privation and death came from failure from hunting.
		The Nez Perce and many other Plateau women usually made their clothes out of the skins of deer or mountain sheep or goats, but they could be made out of woven bark fibers.
		Boots and moccasins may be the development of the days when early men wrapped up their feet and legs to keep them from freezing and to protect them from bruises and cuts.
	pio.wsd.wednet.edu /SAMMgrant/NativeAm/life/life.htm (1584 words)

	Columbia River article
		Within the United States, the river courses southwest and skirts one of the Columbia Plateau's massive lava flows, then it turns to the southeast, cutting a dramatic gorge in the volcanic shield to its junction with the westward flowing Snake River.
		Recreation on the Columbia began early in the settlement era, with steamboat excursions up the Columbia from Portland, especially to the western end of the Columbia River Gorge.
		The Columbia River first appeared on European maps in the early 17th century as "River of the West," when a Spanish maritime explorer Martin de Auguilar located a major river near the 42nd parallel.
	www.ccrh.org /river/history.htm (1914 words)

	Ufa Plateau -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Plateaus are extensive, and together with enclosed basins they cover about 45 percent of the Earth's land surface.
		Plateau mountains occur in series when the folds of a mountain chain pass abruptly into the horizontal strata of a basalt plateau that is largely denuded of trees and eroded.
		The horizontal layers of the Colorado Plateau have been cut by the Colorado River to form the Grand Canyon, in places 6,000 feet (1,800 meters) deep and from 0.1 to 18 miles (0.2 to 29 kilometers) wide.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9074098 (955 words)

	Columbia Plateau (from United States) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Columbia Plateau is made up of a variety of landforms—small plateaus, broad valleys and basins, upfolded ridges, and flat plains—whose common denominator is the basaltic lava flow.
		Included are the Columbia Plain, the Central Highlands, the High Lava Plains, the Palouse Hills, and the Channeled Scablands.
		South Carolina's capital, Columbia, was established because the farmers of the Piedmont (the higher country) wanted the seat of government removed from Charleston to the center of the state.
	0-www.britannica.com.library.unl.edu /ebi/article-209517 (1010 words)

	Columbia Plateau on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Geospatial assessment of agricultural lands critical to air quality on the Columbia Plateau, Washington State.
		The emergence of complex hunter-gatherers on the Canadian Plateau: a response to Hayden.(Brian Hayden)
		Plateau Systems announced it has been selected to manage Web-based and classroom learning for thousands of employees at one of the largest environmental cleanups in the United States: the treatment of all radioactive...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/ColumbP1.asp (489 words)

	Selected Resources on Columbia Basin Native Americans
		Kalispel: The Kalispel were a Plateau culture that was divided into two groups, the Upper and Lower Kalispel.
		Nez Perce: The Nez Perce are one of the most widely known Native American groups of the Columbia Plateau.
		Wasco, Wishram, Cascades: The Wasco, Wishram and Cascade groups were Chinookan people who lived along the Columbia River roughly from the mouth of the Sandy River in the West to outside The Dalles in the East.
	www.lib.pdx.edu /resources/pathfinders/basinmap.html (1963 words)

	Columbia River @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Native to the Columbia, squawfish seem to have taken the taming of the river in stride.
		As the largest dam on the Columbia, Grand Coulee alone enables farming on 640,000 acres (258,994 hectares) via its reservoir, 27-mile-long (44-kilometer-long) Banks Lake.
		Though the Columbia reservoirs flooded ancestral homes, fishing spots, and hunting grounds of Native Americans, none of the water was allocated for their benefit.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /earthpulse/columbia/gallery1.html (823 words)

	USGS OFR-95-445: Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water of the Central Columbia Plateau
		The Central Columbia Plateau is one of 60 NAWQA study units (major river basins and parts of aquifer systems) located throughout the Nation.
		Relatively low-nitrate canal water from the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project is a significant source of recharge in the Quincy-Pasco subunit.
		In the Central Columbia Plateau, 26% of wells less than 300 feet deep have nitrate concentrations exceeding the EPA MCL of 10 mg/L. Only 8% of wells deeper than 300 feet have nitrate concentrations exceeding the MCL.
	wa.water.usgs.gov /pubs/ofr/ofr95-445 (1823 words)

	Columbia Plateau Geography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Waterville is located on the Columbia Plateau, the second largest basalt plateau in the world.
		The south county and west county produces apples, cherries, peaches and apricots, and borders on the Columbia River.
		Parts of the plateau contain a soil known as löess, these soils are very fine and highly erosive but they are extremely productive.
	www.tinynet.com /geol.html (253 words)

	Washington DGER: Columbia Basin
		The Columbia Basin, also known as the Columbia Plateau, is a vast area in eastern Washington, southwestern Idaho, and northern Oregon.
		The Columbia Basin province is modest in size in comparison with other continental flood basalts such as the Deccan basalts of India; however, the basin has been studied in greater detail than any other such basalt accumulation in the world.
		The Columbia Basin was the scene of the greatest catastrophic floods ever documented in the geologic record.
	www.dnr.wa.gov /geology/columbia.htm (1178 words)

	Washington Bed and Breakfast Guild - Washington B&B Directory - Columbia River Plateau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is the second largest basalt plateau in the world, but the term "plateau" belies the dramatic cliffs and canyons carved by Ice Age floods.
		The Columbia River is the greatest source of energy among all the rivers of America and the Grand Coulee Dam harnesses that energy.
		The Columbia River Plateau is the geographic heart of Washington.
	www.wbbg.com /directory/regions/columbia/index.cfm (501 words)

	USGS Geology in the Parks
		The Columbia Plateau province is enveloped by one of the worlds largest accumulations of lava.
		Like the Columbia River region, volcanic eruptions dominate the story of the Snake River Plain in the eastern part of the Columbia Plateau Province.
		However, the focus of volcanism at Yellowstone in the Columbia Plateau Province is far inland from the subduction zone that lies along the Oregon and Washington coast.
	wrgis.wr.usgs.gov /docs/usgsnps/province/columplat.html (740 words)

	Selected Bibliography, Washington Fieldtrip
		Columbia Plateau and the Columbia River Flood Basalts
		Bentley, R., 1977, Stratigraphy of the Yakima basalts and structural evolution of the Yakima ridges in the western Columbia Plateau, in Brown, E. and Ellis, R.C., eds., Geological excursions in the Pacific Northwest: Boulder, CO, Geol.
		McKee, Bates, 1972, The Columbia Plateau, in Cascadia; the geologic evolution of the Pacific Northwest: New York, NY, McGraw-Hill, p.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /gex/bibs/washstate.html (6488 words)

	Columbia River article
		The Columbia originates in two lakes that lie between the Purcell and Selkirk mountain ranges in British Columbia.
		The Columbia River Basin is the most hydroelectrically developed hydroelectric river system in the world.
		Dams on the Columbia have contributed significantly to steep declines in historically strong fish runs.
	www.ccrh.org /river/article.htm (1838 words)

	Ice age floods and how the Columbia River Gorge Was Formed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the end of the outpouring of lava, tremendous forces deep within the earth began to warp the plateau in several places.
		A general uplift of the mountainous region in the north caused the entire plateau to tilt slightly to the south.
		Such catastrophic floods raced across the southward-dipping plateau a number of times, etching the coulees which characterize this region, now known as the channeled scablands.
	www.inthegorge.com /ice_age_floods.html (1590 words)

	CVO Website - Columbia Plateau and Columbia River Basalt Group
		Whatever topography was present prior to the Columbia River Basalt eruptions was buried and smoothed over by flow upon flow of lava.
		Located in the double ranched of the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, the Columbia Basin is the warmest and driest region of the state.
		The province underlain by the basalt is loosely termed the Columbia Plateau.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/ColumbiaPlateau/description_columbia_plateau.html (2570 words)

	Oregon - Tom McCall Preserve at Rowena
		The preserve is so diverse partly because it lies in the transition zone between the moist, heavily-forested west side of the Cascades and the drier bunchgrass prairies of the east.
		The 1-mile plateau trail begins at the interpretive sign at the entrance to the preserve.
		It crosses the plateau to cliff edges and encircles a permanent pond.
	nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/oregon/preserves/art6809.html (481 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Overview of the Columbia Plateau Air Quality Project
		Agriculture was thought to be a major contributor to nonattainment of this standard, thus federal and state regulatory and research agencies began working together in 1991 to identify the contribution of agriculture to PM10 and develop land management control strategies.
		The plan, or the Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion / Air Quality Project, was funded by the EPA and Washington State Department of Ecology in 1993.
		About 15 proposals are funded each year that enhance the understanding and control of PM10 emissions and that promote outreach educational programs within the Columbia Plateau.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=148025 (284 words)

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