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	Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
		The Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster happend on Saturday 1st, February, 2003 and was the second Space Shuttle Disaster and the first shuttle lost on landing.
		Columbia (Flight STS-107) was on a 16-day science research mission in Earth orbit which performed experiments in space.
		Columbia was the oldest space shuttle in the fleet of four.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceshuttle/columbia_disaster.html (690 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On February 1, 2003, Columbia disintegrated during re-entry on its 28th mission; all seven crew members aboard were killed (see Space Shuttle Columbia disaster).
		Columbia was named after the Boston-based sloop Columbia captained by American Robert Gray, which explored the Pacific Northwest and became the first American vessel to circumnavigate the world; the name also honored Columbia, the Command Module of Apollo 11.
		The first flight of Columbia (STS-1) was commanded by John Young (a space veteran from the Gemini and Apollo eras) and piloted by Robert Crippen, a rookie who had never been in space before, but who served as a support crew member for the Skylab missions and Apollo-Soyuz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia (810 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was the disintegration of the Space Shuttle Columbia over Texas on February 1, 2003, during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere on its 28th mission, STS-107.
		As Columbia descended from space into the atmosphere, the heat produced by air molecules colliding with the Orbiter typically caused wing leading-edge temperatures to rise steadily, reaching an estimated 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1400 °C) during the next six minutes.
		Columbia crossed the California coast west of Sacramento at 8:53:26 a.m.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster (2998 words)

	Learn more about Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		Columbia began their last message with the words "Roger, uh, buh..." but nothing more was transmitted.
		The Columbia is lost; there are no survivors." Despite the major setback, the President reassured Americans that the space program would continue: "The cause in which they died will continue...
		Columbia's data recorder was found near Hemphill, Texas on March 20, 2003.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/sp/space_shuttle_columbia_disaster.html (1606 words)

	SPACE.com -- Space Shuttle Columbia Special Report
		Here's the story that wraps up our looking back at the Columbia tragedy and sets the stage for what NASA must do to begin flying again.
		Columbia Timeline: Seven Months from Tragedy to Final Report
		On June 24, NASA released a handful of images of the Columbia crew salvaged from the spacecraft's debris.
	www.space.com /columbiatragedy (99 words)

	Encyclopedia: Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
		Mach number (Ma) (pronounced as mack in International English or mock in the American English) is defined as a ratio of speed to the speed of sound in the medium in case.
		Shortly after being told of reports of pieces of the shuttle being seen to break away, the NASA flight director declared a contingency (events leading to loss of the vehicle) and alerted search and rescue teams in the area, telling all controllers to "lock the doors" or preserve all the mission data for later investigation.
		Description: In memory of the Space Shuttle Columbia crewmembers who lost their lives on February 1, 2003, a massive collection of flowers, balloons, flags, signs, and other arrangements were placed at the Johnson Space Center sign at the Centers main entrance.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Space-Shuttle-Columbia-disaster (6013 words)

	NASA STS-107 Mission
		Columbia began overheating on the left side, which corresponds to the temporal side and the Right Man, who is like the mind, or authority of the soul.
		Columbia was the first of 5 orbiters built, where 5 stands for grace and a giant.
		After the Columbia disaster, the US Army with the 7th Calvary, Third Infantry, and Marines invaded Iraq from the south and crossed the desert in huge columns on the way to Baghdad.
	www.biblenews1.com /history3/20030105STS107.htm (4242 words)

	AWST STORY
		CST: As Columbia was passing over Arizona and New Mexico, the orbiter's upper and lower left wing temperature sensors failed, probably indicating their lines had been cut.
		For a moment there were additional static and sounds similar to an open microphone on Columbia but no transmissions from the crew.
		Columbia, the first winged reusable manned spacecraft first launched in April 1981, was lost on her 28th mission on the 113th shuttle flight.
	www.aviationnow.com /avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news/shuttle2_news.xml (1911 words)

	Conspiracy and Columbia
		A report circulated by conspiracist Alex Jones claimed the shuttle disaster was a "textbook psychological warfare operation," a "mass distraction/mass unifier" that was part of a plan the US government had laid out in the 1960s known as the "Northwoods" plan.
		And thus a legend is born, Ilan Ramon, patron saint of astronauts and that lofty class of congenital sufferers, the Children of Holocaust Survivors.
		Although the majority of countries and religious leaders worldwide expressed their shock and horror at the disaster, anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli sermons about the shuttle disaster were preached in Iraq and by radical Islamist leaders across the world.
	www.adl.org /Anti_semitism/columbia.asp (2182 words)

	CNN.com - Remains thought to be from Columbia crew - Feb. 1, 2003
		With their voices sometimes threatening to break, NASA officials vowed they would find the cause of the disaster so their colleagues' sacrifice would not be in vain.
		Columbia is the oldest of NASA's shuttle fleet, first launched in 1981.
		Columbia was lost less than a week after the anniversaries of two other deadly space program disasters -- the 17th anniversary of the explosion of the shuttle Challenger on January 28 and the 36th anniversary of a launchpad fire that killed three Apollo astronauts January 27.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/02/01/shuttle.columbia (1031 words)

	HAARP AND SPACESHIP COLUMBIA - BJ Gazette
		The cloud of relativistic electrons penetrate deeply into Columbia, instantly causing strange heating on the northern or left side of the spacecraft toward Alaska, both on the left wing and even on the upper left side of the craft near the left cargo bay door.
		Columbia's commander reports the anomalous low-level gradual heating of all temperature sensors on the left side of the craft to the NASA ground communicator.
		Columbia had passed over San Francisco on the California coast at 5:53 AM and was just south of Lake Tahoe on the California-Nevada border at 6:00 AM, February 1, 2003, as this image was taken.
	www.brojon.org /frontpage/HAARP_Columbia.html (4330 words)

	USATODAY.com - E-mails foretell Columbia disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		Columbia broke apart while trying to return to Earth on Feb. 1.
		Investigators are looking at a chunk of insulation that fell off Columbia's fuel tank during the launch Jan. 16.
		Those e-mails discussed whether Columbia could land with one or two burst tires, and "we never had an opportunity to land," he said.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2003-02-26-shuttle-investigation_x.htm (549 words)

	NASA - Columbia - Home
		Columbia was the first Space Shuttle that traveled to Earth orbit.
		A 15-foot bronze statue of the late Willie McCool, one of the seven fallen heroes of Columbia, towers in Texas today.
		The Columbia Accident Investigation Board released Volumes II-VI of its report on October 28, 2003.
	www.nasa.gov /columbia (280 words)

	Ask E.T.: ET on Columbia Evidence: Analysis of Key Slide + Return to Flight Follow-ups
		The 3 reports concerning the possible tile damage on the Columbia prepared by the Boeing engineers have become increasingly important as the investigation hasdeveloped.
		The reports provided the rationale for NASA officials to curtail further research (such as photographing the Columbia with spy cameras) on the tiles during the flight.
		The fundamental nature of the Columbia analysis might be called statistical engineering: the content is engineering but the logic is exactly the logic of statistics and econometrics (issues of estimation, thin data, model sensitivity and robustness, multivariate data, error assessment).
	www.edwardtufte.com /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0000Rs&topic_id=1 (3674 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia Special Report - from Tampa Bay Online
		The space shuttle Columbia broke apart in flames 39 miles in the air as it streaked over Texas at 12,500 miles an hour toward its landing strip in Florida, Saturday, Feb. 1, 2003, killing all seven astronauts, six Americans and an Israeli.
		He made up his mind as a child that that was what he was going to do with his life.
		Before Columbia launched, Ramon had repeatedly said he was not nervous or afraid about his safety aboard the space shuttle.
	reports.tbo.com /reports/columbia (871 words)

	Newsday.com: Columbia's Final Minutes
		But even as the Columbia astronauts chatted about the light show outside, the hole in Columbia's left wing was disrupting that boundary layer.
		With Columbia in a 40-degree nose-up orientation, the plume entering the breach in RCC panel 8 was aimed at the upper attachment fittings and insulation.
		At 8:48:39 a.m., just four minutes and 30 seconds after Columbia had dipped into the atmosphere, a sensor mounted behind the forward spar, near the point where RCC panel 9 was bolted to the other side, measured an unusual increase in stress.
	www.newsday.com /news/health/ny-hscov0127,0,442476.story?coll=ny-health-headlines (1309 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| STS-107 \| Foam 'most probable' cause of Columbia disaster
		A member of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board said today, for the first time, that a foam strike during the shuttle's launching is the "most probable cause" of the disaster.
		Columbia's left wing leading edge was struck by a suitcase-size chunk of foam insulation that broke off the shuttle's external fuel tank 81 seconds after liftoff Jan. 16.
		The photography provides no fresh insights into the cause of the disaster, but it no doubt provides sad comfort to family members, giving them one more glimpse of their loved ones as they cheerfully worked through their final days in orbit.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /shuttle/sts107/030624cause (2714 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia disaster at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		As it merges with the plasma trail [produced by the shuttle], the streak itself brightens for a distance, then fades." [2] This photograph has not yet been made publicly available, and the camera in question was sent to Houston for further investigation by NASA.
		Nikon has said that the model of camera used is known to occasionally produce a purple fringe on photographs as a result of "color interpolation combined with chromatic aberration", an effect that has been reproduced by independent reviewers [3].
		Coverage of the space shuttle Columbia disaster from The Boston Globe and Boston.com...
	springknow.com /Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.html (2553 words)

	NPR : Special Coverage - Space Shuttle Columbia
		Columbia's crew, on their way to the launch pad.
		The report agrees with preliminary findings that a piece of insulating foam fatally damaged Columbia's wing, causing the shuttle to break apart as it returned to Earth, killing all seven crewmembers.
		During Columbia's re-entry, heat entered the shuttle through the hole, melting the wing from the inside out and causing the orbiter to break apart.
	www.npr.org /news/specials/shuttle (756 words)

	STS-107
		EST, Columbia was crossing over the coast of California and entering Roll Reversal #1.
		At 8:52:20 EST, Columbia's Left Main Gear Brake Line Temp D in the left wheel well showed an off nominal temperature rise (2 degrees/min) followed by an off nominal temperature rise in Brake Line Temp A (6 degrees/min) at 8:52:39 (13:52:39 GMT) and Temp C (5 degrees/min) at 8:52:48.
		Wires from these sensors are routed inside the wing from the orbiter midbody, in front of the main landing gear towards the leading edge and then back to the sensor locations near the trailing edge of the wing.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/sts-107/mission-sts-107.html (595 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia, Columbia Space Shuttle, Columbia Explosion Shuttle Space at SPACE.com
		As the first shuttle to enter the NASA fleet, the Columbia space shuttle carried out a total of 28 separate missions, flew 125,204,911 miles and spent more than 300 hours in outer space during its nearly 22 year career.
		On March 5, 1998, Columbia astronaut Eileen Collins became the first female to be named commander of a NASA space shuttle mission.
		Space shuttle Columbia’s most recent scientific mission was tragically cut short on February 1, 2003, when the shuttle disintegrated during routine re-entry about 39 miles above the earth at a speed of approximately 12,500 miles per hour.
	www.space.com /columbia (459 words)

	nbc6.net - News - Tuesday Marks Anniversary Of Columbia Shuttle Disaster
		The space shuttle Columbia had finished its 16-day science mission and was minutes away from landing when the shuttle broke apart in a fiery mass over east Texas.
		Since the disaster, all shuttle missions have been grounded but NASA is working to resume shuttle missions.
		The Columbia disaster was the second total loss of a space shuttle for NASA.
	www.nbc6.net /news/4150100/detail.html (411 words)

	HoustonChronicle.com - Special Report: Columbia's Last mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		Families of the NASA astronauts who died in the Columbia space shuttle tragedy last year arrived in Israel Sunday for an emotional tour of the country, including a visit to the grave of the Israeli crew member, Ilan Ramon.
		The alarm is sounded: When Columbia re-entered the Earth's atmosphere 16 days after the foam strike, super-heated air entered the 6- to 10-inch gash in the leading edge of the wing.
		The Challenger disaster: For many at NASA and around the nation, news that the space shuttle Columbia broke up brought back poignant memories from 17 years earlier.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/special/03/columbia (1052 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - NASA culture key to Columbia shuttle disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		The hard-hitting final report of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board, released on Tuesday in Washington DC, makes one thing abundantly clear: the accident was caused in large part by the way NASA manages its operations.
		And, as the CAIB's hearings over the last seven months had already made clear, it was a similar impact by a piece of falling foam that blew a hole in the Columbia's wing.
		The attitudes throughout the Columbia flight, and the months leading up to it, showed clear signs that schedule pressures were forcing ever-greater compromises and leading managers to override the judgment of their own engineers.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4089 (691 words)

	Boston.com / Columbia shuttle disaster
		In the final minutes of their lives, Columbia's astronauts were cheerful, at times lighthearted.
		Mission Control: "Columbia, Houston we see your tire pressure messages and we did not copy your last."
		Columbia: "Roger, uh,..." (transmission breaks off after the crew member starts to say a word beginning with the sound "buh.")
	www.boston.com /news/packages/shuttle (205 words)

	The Disaster Market - Can Wall Street figure out the cause of a space shuttle crash faster than NASA's experts? By ...
		It is the behaviour of the markets in the aftermath of the Columbia tragedy that shows the reason why they seemed so prescient after the first shuttle disaster.
		If there is a disaster, their business will suffer more than the others, because the number of launches will be reduced.
		And since that business is a larger proportion of the business of the overall company, their stock will drop by a larger percentage than the other contractors.
	www.slate.com /id/2086811 (1202 words)

	The Columbia Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		The Columbia was in space for 16 days.
		When the Columbia crew was in space they conducted 88 experiments that students from all over the world designed for them.
		On February 1, 2003 when the Columbia was in descent at 7:52 a.m.
	www.bow.k12.nh.us /mpress/columbiadisaster.htm (244 words)

	floridatoday.com Columbia Lost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		The Astronauts Memorial Foundation is raising funds to honor the Columbia astronauts.
		For some, a memorial Sunday marking the anniversary of the Columbia accident and the loss of other astronauts was a time to reconcile with the grief of the past year.
		Coverage of the loss of shuttle Columbia and recovery of its debris.
	www.floridatoday.com /columbia (169 words)

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