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1598

	FREEMASONRY AND THE COMACINE MASTERS
		The Comacines extended their influence and activities in the same way as other guilds, by invitation and contract, and by organization of lodges in new towns.
		Leader Scott believes that in both these instances the workmen sent were Comacine masters and bases her contention on the evidence of building methods and styles employed.
		THE COMACINES AND FREEMASONRY We Masons have long ceased to be moved by the vulgar desire to claim for our Fraternity an impossible antiquity, as if it had been organized by Adam in the Garden of Eden, or was, as one old worthy expressed it, diffused through space before God created the world.
	www.freemasons-freemasonry.com /comacine.html (2462 words)

	Comacine masters - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Comacine masters (or magistri comacini) were medieval stoneworkers also dubbed the cathedral builders; their name derives either from the location where they supposedly had their headquarters, an island in lake Como (Isola Comacina), or from the latin expression cum machinis (referring to their tools).
		Their geographical origin was the north part of Lombardy although evidence of their work has been found in several parts of Europe.Their organizations were guild-like.
		According to A History of Freemasonry by H.L. Haywood and James E. Craig, the Comacine masters were reportedly the predecessors or "progenitors" of the Freemasons.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Comacine_masters (156 words)

	Comacine masters - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Comacine masters (or magistri comacini) were medieval stoneworkers also dubbed the cathedral builders; their name derives either from the location where they supposedly had their headquarters, an island in lake Como, or from the latin expression cum machinis (referring to their tools).
		The firt mention of Comacine masters was on the Rothari's edict (643) and by Liutprand the Lombard.
		To the comacine masters is attributed the duomo of Como, (late XI century).
	comacinemasters.quickseek.com (176 words)

	Comacine masters
		The first mention of Comacine masters was in an edict of 643 of the Lombard king Rothari, which concerned itself in Lombard fashion mainly with the indemnity that would be due should a house collapse which had been built by a magister comacinus for a patron ad opera dictandi ("commissioning the works").
		The "Como-Pavian" architectural sculpture is recognized in southern Italy, west across Languedoc to Spain, across southern Germany as far as Hungary, and even in England.
		^ According to H.L. Haywood and James E. Craig, A History of Freemasonry, the Comacine masters were reportedly the predecessors or "progenitors" of the Freemasons.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Comacine_masters.html (509 words)

	History of Freemasonry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therein, the Master and Deputy Master were required to swear an oath that the ancient customs would be adhered to.
		Henry Yevele, a master builder who died in 1400 may have been described as a Freemason on his tombstone.
		The Master Mason's degree was not official until the Grand Lodge adopted Anderson's revised Constitutions of 1738.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Freemasonry (4095 words)

	The Comacine Masters
		They may mean that or they may mean only that master workmen, authorized to make contracts for building and repairing houses, took along their own employees and assistants; it is clear from Section 145 of Rothari's edict that the Masters did not refuse to do work alongside the bondsmen of their employers.
		To say that because a Comacine contractor was called Master he must have been master of a Masonic lodge would be as sensible as to say that because a man is nowadays addressed by the title of Doctor he must be a practitioner of medicine.
		Meanwhile the Comacine Masters may safely be regarded as an important part of the general cult system of the Dark Ages, a system which had developed from earlier forms and which in turn gave way to the later development through which modern Freemasonry came into being.
	www.themasonictrowel.com /books/history_of_freemasonry_by_h_l_haywood/files/08_the_comacine_masters.htm (4539 words)

	Wikipedia search result
		Therein, the Master and Deputy Master were required to swear an oath that the ancient customs would be adhered to.
		Henry Yevele, a master builder who died in 1400 may have been described as a Freemason on his tombstone.
		The Master Mason's degree was not official until the Grand Lodge adopted Anderson's revised Constitutions of 1738.
	feedbus.com /wikis/wikipedia.php?title=History_of_Freemasonry (4108 words)

	Free & Accepted
		The author says that the Comacine masters "were the link between the classic Collegia and all other art and trade guilds of the Middle Ages.
		Mathematics, architecture, strength of materials, the principle of the arch, proportion, unity, beauty-all had to be practiced by experts to produce these tremendous structure, on which the most modern science and art cannot improve.
		Master after Master would add from his store of learning; lesson after lesson would be incorporated with an operative practice, until the Speculative Art and the Operative crafts were, apparently, dependent on each other.
	www.mastermason.com /hempstead749/free.htm (1667 words)

	The Origin of Freemasonry by Coil
		The Essenes, the Culdees, the Druids, the Roman Collegia of Artificers, the Comacine Masters, the Rosicrucians, the Crusades, the Knights Templar, and various other sects, orders, and individuals have all had their advocates as the progenitors of Freemasonry.
		Her argument was based on the assumption that the Comacine Masters (Magistri Comacini) were Master Masons who conducted a school (schola) at Lake Como and there founded Freemasonry, which they transmitted into western Europe.
		Her theory was demolished, however, when it was brought to light that Comacine was not derived from Como but from the Low Latin co-maciones, meaning guild masons and used in various Italian cities far removed from Lake Como for about four centuries before the Lake Como settlement is supposed to have been made.
	www.mastermason.com /hempstead749/hist05.htm (2035 words)

	[No title]
		For much valuable information connecting Comacine Masters as a connecting link between the classic collegia and all other trade guilds of the Middle Ages I am indebted to Leader Scott (Mrs.
		The Comacine Masters were called Freemasons because they were builders of a privileged class, absolved from taxes and servitude, and free to travel in times of feudal bondage.
		Shaw, who for many years devoted himself to a patient study of these marks, and made a collection of many thousand, held that the marks could, by careful study, be distinguished, and showed that the marks at Fountains Abbey were those of French Masons.
	www.linshaw.com /omtp/vol8no10.html (3122 words)

	Comacine masters - TheBestLinks.com - 1598, Freemasons, St. John the Baptist, Cleanup, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Comacine masters - TheBestLinks.com - 1598, Freemasons, St. John the Baptist, Cleanup,...
		Please improve it in any way that you see fit, and remove this notice and the listing on the cleanup page after the article has been cleaned up.
		The Comacine "Masters" were reportedly the predecessors or "progenitors" of the Freemasons.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Comacine_masters.html (155 words)

	Mackey Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Proposed by the Master, Hubron, and half a dozen other members, she was initiated on January 14, 1882, in a large gathering of the Brethren of this organization, the Symbolic Grand Lodge.
		The rite of consecration is performed by the Grand Master, when the Lodge is said to be consecrated in ample form; by the Deputy Grand Master, when it is said to be consecrated in due form; or by the proxy of the Grand Master, when it is said to be consecrated in form.
		The Grand Master, accompanied by his officers, proceeds to the hall of the new Lodge, where, after the performance of those ceremonies which are described in all manuals and monitors, he solemnly consecrates the Lodge with the elements of corn, wine, and oil, after which the Lodge is dedicated and constituted and the officers installed.
	users.1st.net /fischer/MacEncC3.HTM (15361 words)

	Memorials To Great Men Who Were Masons - RealOpinion.com Political Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The essence of the master's or doctor's degree was license to teach in any recognised university; whether any or how many students would come to be taught being a matter dependent on the master's own ability.
		So far then we know that a master mason was a mason qualified in some ascertained way to undertake and control building operations, (7) and that in the City of London there was an established community of masons in the early fourteenth century, probably much earlier.
		It is easy to suppose then when a master mason of good repute had fulfilled a contract and had reason to expect another, his companions might find it more profitable to stay with him than to disperse in search of other work.
	www.realopinion.com /realboards/showthread.php?t=5480 (14644 words)

	[No title]
		Is not the answer-that the Comacine Masters form a perfect link between the old and the new, and wherever they went they spread fraternity.
		A Lodge which has taken its name from the four holy crowned ones who were the patron saints of the Comacine Masters.
		The builders - with the exception perhaps of the master builder, who was sometimes the Abbot were lay brethren, who, however, were monks, but quite distinct from their brethren of the choir and cloister.
	www.linshaw.ca /omtp/vol8no10.html (3122 words)

	Ancestry.com - Maestri Board - Maestri Comacine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Their name in latin was Magister Comacini and there are Lombard references to them in the laws of 643 AD as builders with 'special privileges', most notably, their ability to make contracts and move about the country as free men.
		The Comacine were the exclusive builders for the Lombards and built many of their castles and fortifications.
		The Maestri Comacine were responsible for building most of the Cathedrals in Northern Italy, including Milan, Como, Monza, Verona, Brescia, Trento, Piacenza, Cremona, Parma, Modena Pisa and Ferrara, beginning as early as the 10th century.
	boards.ancestry.com /thread.aspx?p=surnames.maestri&m=20 (868 words)

	[No title]
		The Master of the Lodge was Sergeant John Batt.
		But it was not enough that it wilfully stood aside as it were in a sulk; very soon it became a traitor of the cause which it should have represented and upheld.
		Thus it was that Paul became the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of St. John at Malta, and Freemasonry was prohibited.
	www.lulu.com /items/volume_9/214000/214627/1/preview/MASDOCUMENTS.doc (18736 words)

	FREE AND ACCEPTED
		The author says that the Comacine masters "were the link between the classic Collegia and all other art and trade guilds of the Middle Ages.
		Mathematics, architecture, strength of materials, the principle of the arch, proportion, unity, beauty., all had to be practiced by experts to produce these tremendous structures, on which the most modern science and art cannot improve.
		Master after Master would add from his store of learning; lesson after lesson would be incorporated with an operative practice, until the Speculative Art and the Operative crafts were, apparently, dependent on each other.
	www.pathcom.com /~desw/free.html (1521 words)

	Masonic Archives
		The Essenes, the Culdees, the Druids, the Roman Collegia of Artificers, the Comacine Masters, the Rosicrucians, the Crusades, the Knights Templar, and various other sects, orders, and individuals have all had their advocates as the progenitors of Freemasonry.
		Her argument was based on the assumption that the Comacine Masters (Magistri Comacini) were Master Masons who conducted a school (schola) at Lake Como and there founded Freemasonry, which they transmitted into western Europe.
		Her theory was demolished, however, when it was brought to light that Comacine was not derived from Como but from the Low Latin co-maciones, meaning guild masons and used in various Italian cities far removed from Lake Como for about four centuries before the Lake Como settlement is supposed to have been made.
	www.ncfreemason.com /york3/The%20Origins%20of%20Freemasonry.htm (2096 words)

	Part II Chapter I Free-Masons - The Builders by Joseph Fort Newton
		Since the story of the Comacine Masters has come to light, no doubt any longer remains that during the building period the order of Masons was at the height of its influence and power.
		Efforts have been made to rob those old masters of their honor as the designers of the cathedrals, but it is in vain.
		While, as an order, the Comacine Masters served the Church as builders, the creed required for admission to their fraternity was never narrow, and, as we shall see, it became every year broader.
	www.phoenixmasonry.org /the_builder/part_2_chapter_1_free-masons.htm (5691 words)

	[No title]
		The belief that the so called Comacine Masters had some connection with Freemasonry was rather widely accepted some forty or fifty years ago, and it still turns up occasionally in modern writings.
		Wherever Comacine Masters are mentioned, it was assumed that reference was to Lake Como in Italy.
		This collaboration centres mostly in the King's Master of the Works, who, along with the Masters of the head Lodges constituted the central authority controlling the various local Lodges.
	www.linshaw.com /omtp/vol11no12.html (4274 words)

	Maçonnieke encyclopedie-C.
		With this presentation, so rapidly successfuI, and accompanied as it was by innumerable speeches in Lodge Rooms and articles in the Masonic press throughout EngIish-speaking Freemasonry, the Comacine Theory ceased to be a tentative and exploratory hypothesis constructed by one woman, and became a subject lor discussion by the whole Fraternity.
		Leader Scott defines the phrase Magistri Comacini as meaning Masters of Como; she then employs this word itself as a principal support of her argument, and takes it that wherever Magistri Comacini appears in the records it refers to the school at Como.
		Rivoira says that this theory was not original with her, but was picked up by her from an Italian book which had never carried weight with Italian scholars; he himself dismisses the theory as not worth détailed investigation.
	www.dancing.org /tsmr/.books/mackey/CMAP~1/Csupl-4.htm (2620 words)

	Online Masonic Education Course
		Reuben Dark, its Master in 1851, was the architect and builder of the capitol at Sacramento.
		Some Lodges may actually have the Master sitting in another compass location, but the important point is that the Master is always symbolically located in the East and the other symbolic points of the West, South and North are located in proper relation to the station of the Master.
		The gavel in the hands of the Master of a Lodge is one of the symbols of authority by which he governs.
	www.whatsamason.org /tier_1_course.htm (15063 words)

	[No title]
		As one of the principal functions of the Worshipful Master is to give "good and wholesome instruction" to his lodge, the inclusion of one light as his symbol is but a logical carrying out of that Masonic doctrine which makes the East the source of Masonic light to the brethren.
		When man conceived that the Master Builder did not blow hot and cold, that he was not changing, fickle and capricious, but a God of rectitude and justice, and needed to picture that conception of righteousness, he drew straight up and down parallel lines.
		The connection must be far older; indeed, if we need further evidence of the possibility of the Comacine Masters having been the progenitors of the operative Freemasons we may find it in the frequent dedication of Comacine churches to one Saint John or the other.
	www.security-protocols.com /textfiles/conspiracy/if_entap.txt (14067 words)

	Maçonnieke encyclopedie-B.
		They were not primarily architects or builders and they employed the Comacines for this kind of work and it was the Comacines who developed what is known today as Lombard architecture, covering a period that we may roughly put as from the seventh century to the Ranaissance.
		Quaternal de Quincy, in his Dictionary of Architecture, under the heading Comacines, remarks that "to these men who were both designers and executors, architects, sculptors and mosaicists, may be attributed the Renaissance of art and its propagation in the southern countries, where it marched with Christianity.
		However that may be, the mention of the asscciations of Comacini in the reign of Rotharis and Luitprand is one of the earliest in the barbarian world, and earlier than that of any Gild of architects or builders belonging to the Middle Ages.
	www.dancing.org /tsmr/.books/mackey/CMAP~1/Cmac-18.htm (3670 words)

	Freemasonry
		Freemasons use a variety of labels for this concept, often abbreviated "G.A.O.T.U.", in order to avoid the idea that they are talking about any one religion's particular God or God-like concept (and in much of French-derived Freemasonry, direct reference to the G.A.O.T.U. is optional).
		There are three "degrees" of Freemasonry: (1) Entered Apprentice, (2) Fellowcraft and (3) Master Mason.
		One works through each degree by taking part in a ritual, essentially a Medieval Morality Play, in which one plays a role, along with members of the Lodge that one is joining.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Freemason.html (3651 words)

	ENTER APPRENTICE
		The Master’s piece survives in Speculative Masonry only as a small task and seven years have shrunk to a minimum of one month.
		It is commonly supposed that the apron became the "badge of a Mason" because stonemasons wore apron to protect their clothing from the rough contact of building material.
		The gavel is the Master's symbol of authority and reminds him that although his position is the highest within the gift of the brethren, he is yet but a brother among brethren.
	www.texasgrandlecturer.com /enter_apprentice.htm (3926 words)

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