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Topic: Comb Ceramic Culture

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	Glossary Ceramic Attributes - Ancient Near East .net
		The analysis of pottery and ceramics is an important aspect of both prehistoric and historical archaeology.
		Ceramics are considered good to excellent temporal markers in many diverse regions of the globe and useful for dating archaeological components and sites.
		Ceramic paste refers to the prepared mass of clay that is transformed into a material used in the construction of pottery.
	www.ancientneareast.net /glossary_ceramics/glossary_ceramic_attributes.htm (1530 words)

	Pit-Comb Ware culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Comb Ceramic Culture or the Pit-Comb Ware culture was a North-East European stone age culture, ca 4200 BC - 2000 BC.
		The distribution of the found artifacts includes Finnmark (Norway) in the north, river Kalix (Sweden) and the Gulf of Bothnia (Finland) in the west and the river Wisła (Poland) in the south.
		In the east the Comb Ceramic pottery of North-Western Russia merges with a continuum of similar ceramic styles ranging towards the Ural mountains.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comb_Ceramic_Culture (619 words)

	Schein-Joseph International Museum of Ceramic Art
		The "ceramicness" in Lap of Luxury can be detected in the format, in the subject matter, and particularly in the neo-rococo base on which sits the hand-modeled fl and white figures.
		This Dadaist object’s "ceramicness" resides in the fact that the format, the resulting image, is a banal porcelain cup and saucer covered in fur.
		century ceramics, as it is usually organized and kicked around, is the fact that the subject is heavily slanted towards studio pottery as a craft practice.
	ceramicsmuseum.alfred.edu /perkins_lect_series/foulem (5792 words)

	History of Estonia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Kunda culture group belongs to the middle stone age, or Mesolithic period (in Estonia from the beginning of the 9th millennium to the 5th millennium BC).
		A cultural movement sprang forth to adopt the use of Estonian as the language of instruction in schools, all-Estonian song festivals were held regularly after 1869, and a national literature in Estonian developed.
		One of the more notable cultural acts of the independence period, unique in western Europe at the time of its passage in 1925, was a guarantee of cultural autonomy to minority groups comprising at least 3,000 persons, and to Jews.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Estonia (4733 words)

	Russian-Karelian type of macrotools and the technology of its production in the general context of karelian slate ...
		However, this industry was commonly studied in association with different archaeological cultures presented in the territory of the region as an composing part of them and served as the object of typological or technical-typological research.
		The type was related to the foreign Pit-comb ceramic culture, whereby the sources were assumed to be sought in the country between rivers Volga and Oka, probably in the Balahninskaja culture (Filatova1971: 38).
		The Pit-comb ceramic culture: Chernaja rechka I – the first half of the 4:th millennium BC, Pegrema V – the second half of the 4:th millennium BC.
	www.forntidateknik.z.se /IFT/MNTarb/2000/tarasov.htm (7719 words)

	Finland - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		However, the earliest certain records of agriculture are from the late 3rd millennium B.C. Hunting and fishing continued to be important parts of the subsistence economy, especially in the northern and eastern parts of the country.
		Strong Finnish sauna culture is one of the remains of the aboriginal Finnish culture.
		Karelian culture is perceived as the purest expression of the Finnic myths and beliefs, less influenced by Germanic influence, in contrast to Finland's position between the East and the West.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Finland (8075 words)

	History of Finland - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This culture was a part of the European Battle Axe cultures, which have often been associated with the movement of Indo-European speakers.
		The coastal regions of Finland were a part of the Nordic Bronze Culture, whereas in the inland regions the influences came from the bronze-using cultures of Northern Russia.
		The publication in 1835 of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala, a collection of traditional myths and legends which is the folklore of the Karelian people (the Finnic Russian Orthodox people who inhabit the Lake Ladoga-region of eastern Finland and present-day NW Russia), first stirred the nationalism that later led to Finland's independence from Russia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Finland (6313 words)

	Finland - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Although Finland is one of the youngest nations in Europe, it is renowned for its distinct cultural traditions.
		Located on the southern coast, it is the national capital and the political, commercial, educational, and cultural center of Finland.
		After the conquest of the Finnish tribes by Sweden beginning in the 12th century, the indigenous culture was largely dominated by Swedish influences, although the ancient folk traditions continued.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761578960__1/Finland.html (6828 words)

	Belarusian Pottery
		After 1930 independent ceramic craftsmen were considered by communists as an "embryo of capitalism" and were either united into state enterprises or extinct.
		At the end of the firing of this type of ceramics it is "smoked" in the oven with restricted ventilation using the benches of trees with excess of resin.
		The decorative tiles of "palivanaia" ceramics are found on the floors of ancient churches in Hrodna, Polacak, Turau and Pinsk.
	www.belarusguide.com /culture1/visual_arts/Pottery.html (1723 words)

	Sardinia: Prehistory
		This was a period of profound, often rapid, changes and marked increases in prosperity that began in the eastern Mediterranean (notably in Gerzean Egypt) and southeastern Europe (notably associated with Gumelnitsa metallurgy) and rippled westward.
		It is characterized by a proliferation of "cultures" that are essentially regional variations of sub- and post-Ozieri, transitional to the Bronze Age nuragic culture.
		The excavated huts are in close proximity to a high-place sanctuary and may be associated with the cult, either as dwellings and work areas for sacerdotal specialists or as temporary dwellings for worshipers, anticipating nuragic sacred areas and modern cumbessias.
	www.usd.edu /erp/Sardinia/prehist.htm (1910 words)

	Culture of Finland - History and ethnic relations, Urbanism, architecture, and the use of space
		Swedish was the language of commerce, the courts, and education, and Finnish was regarded as a peasant language until the nationalist movement of the nineteenth century advanced it as an official written and cultural language of the majority.
		The creation of the world was associated with the culture hero Väinämöinen, and the cosmos was divided into an underworld of the dead, a middle world of the living, and a sky-heaven supported by a giant pillar.
		In the ensuing centuries, Finns to the west of the "Pahkinasaari line" were heavily exposed to Swedish, Scandinavian, and German culture and the Roman Catholic Church (ultimately replaced by Lutheranism), while Finns and Karelians in the Novgorodian realm to the east were influenced by Slavic culture and the Eastern (or Russian) Orthodox Church.
	www.everyculture.com /Cr-Ga/Finland.html (6427 words)

	Common structural features and vocabulary — Virtual Finland
		The structural features are more significant from the theoretical point of view and constitute firmer evidence of the languages’ shared past and common ancestry than the shared vocabulary, since it is the basic structure of a language that is usually preserved best during the changes that all languages undergo during their history.
		This culture is held to represent the northern Indo-European populations, whose languages were early versions of present-day Baltic and Germanic languages.
		In Finnish, the impact of these cultures is evident in a substantial stratum of Baltic and Germanic loanwords; the latter, in particular, exist in a number of different strata in Finnish and its closest related languages (the Baltic-Finnic languages), as well as in Saami.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/langua1.html (1684 words)

	Neolithic Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orange is the Lengyel culture, purple the Vincha culture, red the Cucuteni culture and yellow the western part of the Yamna culture.
		Their reasoning is first, that the spread of the Neolithic toolkit is more likely to occur through demic diffusion than through cultural diffusion, and second, that a sedentary population relying on domesticated plants and animals will grow much faster than a nomadic, foraging population.
		A culture in Central Europe produced monumental arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Neolithic_Europe (1537 words)

	Finland - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The succeeding Battle-Ax culture (1800-1600 bc) may have been brought to Finland by an Indo-European people from a more southerly Baltic region.
		The country was henceforth ruled by a Russian governor-general, with a so-called senate, which sat in the new capital of Helsinki, acting as a cabinet.
		In spite of despotic rule by some governors-general, much economic and cultural progress was made during the middle decades of the century.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761578960___37/Finland.html (2688 words)

	National Minorities of Finland — Virtual Finland
		The Battle Axe culture remained south of a convex line starting from the north-east of the Gulf of Bothnia and ending in the north-east of the Gulf of Finland.
		The expansion of the Finns and the retreat of the Saami to the north means actually the advance of the farming culture to the detriment of the hunting and gathering culture.
		The influence of Swedish language and culture in Finland was at its peak in the 18th century when Finnish language and culture were extant principally among the peasantry.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/minorit.html (815 words)

	My Scrapbook
		The artifacts, like this comb, were made out of bone, or antler and buried in the tops of already-existing burial mounds throughout Ohio.
		Ohio County: Butler The Fort Ancient culture was heavily concentrated in southern Ohio.
		However, remnants of their culture can be found throughout Ohio, as they are known for using small, elongated, triangular "arrow-heads" made of flint.
	worlddmc.ohiolink.edu /OMP/YourScrapbook?scrapid=23593 (780 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Scientists believe it is probable that speakers of the Finno-Ugric language arrived in the area during the Stone Age (see Finno-Ugric peoples), and were possibly even among the first Mesolithic settlers in Europe.
		The arrival of the Battle Axe culture (or Cord-Ceramic Culture) in southern coastal Finland around 3200 BCE may have coincided with the start of agriculture.
		Hunting and fishing continued to be important parts of the subsistence economy, especially in the northern and eastern parts of the country.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Finland (4254 words)

	Native American Indian Cultures - Karaja Indians
		There is a high degree of mobility among the Karajá, one of whose cultural traits is exploration of the food resources along the Araguaia river.
		Ceramic art is exclusive to the women, displaying a highly diverse range of kinds and motifs, from domestic utensils such as pots and plates, to dolls with mythological, ritual, quotidian and zoomorphic themes.
		The ceramic dolls made by the Karajá are the focus of intense interest from tourists who visit the villages, especially during the season when beaches are exposed along the Araguaia river (July, August and September): as a result, the dolls have become another means of subsistence for the group.
	indian-cultures.com /Cultures/karaja.html (1101 words)

	ArchNet: Ceramic Attribute Glossary
		The analysis of ceramics is an important aspect of prehistoric and historic archaeology.
		In many parts of the world, ceramics are considered good temporal markers which are useful in dating archaeological components and sites.
		Ceramics have been used to describe and document many aspects of culture which include settlement patterns, linguistics, trade, socio-political organization, and information/exchange networks.
	archnet.asu.edu /archives/ceramic/hgloss/hgloss.html (1513 words)

	H109 Ceramic in China - Ceramic History Tutorials for Potters and Clay Artists
		Such discoveries suggest that ethnically and culturally China's prehistory was very complex and much not related to the well-known historical Shang culture which throughout Chinese history has been considered the single origin and basis for the "Chinese" culture.
		This centralist single culture theory is now challeged by the most recent discoveries in various parts of this vast territory.
		These various prehistoric southern cultures are not yet very well understood, although sites have been found well up the Yantse River (in Kiangsi and Hunan) as well as in the east in Chekiang, Fukien, and in Kuangtung as far as Hong Kong.
	www.ceramicstudies.me.uk /histx109.html (4738 words)

	Cultured Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Pit-Comb Ware culture - The Comb Ceramic Culture or the Pit-Comb Ware culture was a North-East European stone age culture, ca 4200 BC - 2000 BC.
		Corded Ware culture - The Corded Ware culture, Battle Axe culture or Single Grave culture is an enormous European archaeological horizon that begins in the late Neolithic (stone age), flourishes through the copper age and finally culminates in the early bronze age, developing in various areas from ca.
		Stone explores the culture, the hardships cultured stone and the greatness of men such as John Sutter, John Bidwell, Samuel Brannan, Thomas O. Larkin, the Reverend Walter Colton cultured stone and the intrepid John Charles Fremont.
	www.vivientertainment.com /culturedstone.html (876 words)

	My Scrapbook
		The artifacts, like this comb, were made out of bone, or antler and buried in the tops of already-existing burial mounds throughout Ohio.
		Ohio County: Butler The Fort Ancient culture was heavily concentrated in southern Ohio.
		However, remnants of their culture can be found throughout Ohio, as they are known for using small, elongated, triangular "arrow-heads" made of flint.
	omp.ohiolink.edu /OMP/YourScrapbook?scrapid=23593 (780 words)

	History of Finland Summary
		This culture was a part of the European Battle Axe cultures, which have often been associated with the movement of Indo-European speakers.
		The coastal regions of Finland were a part of the Nordic Bronze Culture, whereas in the inland regions the influences came from the bronze-using cultures of Northern Russia.
		The publication in 1835 of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala, a collection of traditional myths and legends which is the folklore of the Karelian people (the Finnic Russian Orthodox people who inhabit the Lake Ladoga-region of eastern Finland and present-day NW Russia), first stirred the nationalism that later led to Finland's independence from Russia.
	www.bookrags.com /History_of_Finland (6927 words)

	A new theory on the biological roots of the Finns
		The next culture to spread to Finland, the Upper Volga, Karelia and the Baltic was the Typical Comb Ceramic Culture, which has been dated to 3,500 - 2,500 B.C. During this time more settlements and, presumably, larger communities appeared, increasing the population of southern Finland and Karelia.
		The Battle Axe or Boat Axe cultures, which are dated as belonging to the period spanning the years 2,500 - 1,500 B.C. introduced influences from the southwest and south, from the eastern Baltic and possibly even from Central Europe.
		According to the earlier theory of settlement, it was during this short period that the majority of the Finnish forebears arrived, in southwestern and western Finland across the Gulf of Finland from Estonia, a smaller number coming from the east via the Karelian Isthmus.
	www.snpa.nordish.net /kajanoja.htm (2239 words)

	WSC Suomi \| Land of Thousands of Songs
		The existence of an extensive exchange system during the mesolithic is indicated by the spread of asbestos and soapstone from eastern Finland, and by finds of flint from southern Scandinavia and Russia and slate from Lake Onega and northern Scandinavia.
		The arrival of the Battle-Axe Culture (or Cord-Ceramic Culture) in southern coastal Finland around 3200 BC may have coincided with the start of agriculture.
		Strong Finnish sauna culture is one of the last remains of the aboriginal culture.
	www.freewebs.com /wsc-finland/finlandthecountry.htm (4959 words)

	History of Finland and the Finnish People from ice age to WWII.
		The Comb-Ceramic culture belongs to the great northeastern European group of hunting and fishing cultures that extended from the Vistula River to the Arctic Ocean and all the way to Siberia.
		Archaeologists consider a culture new when its relics are found to have undergone a decisive change in character, but they cannot definitely determine whether the reason for the change was an entirely new population, an alien conquest, or simply a peaceful cultural interchange.
		Some researchers assume that, during the middle phase of the Comb-Ceramic culture, new racial types from the plains of eastern Europe and from the Baltic regions merged with the indigenous population.
	www.geocities.com /ojoronen/EARLYFIN.HTM (5143 words)

	Vietnamese Handicraft Villages
		Culture and Customs - give you current, in-depth information to help you understand the culture, customs, values and beliefs of the Vietnamese people.
		Everything from firecrackers to silk paintings, woodcarvings to ceramics and puppets to pottery are made in these locations and can make unique gifts for friends and family at home, or as an exotic reminder of your trip to Vietnam.
		Famous for its fired clay pottery (with a temperature of 1,200 degrees, the ceramics are well known for being difficult to break) Since the 15th century this village of the 2,000 families has been creating earthenware and ceramic creations.
	www.activetravelvietnam.com /culture_customs/vietnamese_handicraft_villages.html (793 words)

	Data: 3000 BC to 1500 BC - The Ethnohistory Project
		Culture derived from Forest-steppe zone between Vistula & Dnepr RR for Baltic countries in (169-17), and from the ochre graves of S Russia in (179-7) for C D. Believed by (19-2) to be differentiated I- E already.
		Culture gave rise to Komarov Culture acc/to (13-19), and to Trzciniec Culture acc/to (13-5).
		In SF the culture becomes Kiukais culture, which acc/to (202-3) is an amalgam of Battle Axe and primordial peoples.
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /ee/msr/Ethno/dategen1.html (6940 words)

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