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Topic: Combat stress reaction

Related Topics

Post traumatic stress syndrome

Robert Jordan (character)

Frederic Henry

Psychosomatic illness

Combat

All Quiet on the Western Front

Edmund Blunden

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Literature of World War I

A Farewell to Arms

	Combat stress reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However as the war progressed there was a profound rise in stress casualties from 1% of hospitalisations in 1935 to 6% in 1942.
		A notable case of CSR in peacekeeping operations is that of Canadian General Roméo Dallaire, commander of the UN-run operation in Rwanda, UNAMIR.
		This very public incident highlighted the impact of difficult sub-combat operations on soldiers and awoke the public's awareness to CSR (or, as it is often referred to by the public, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combat_stress_reaction (2882 words)

	Combat Stress Control
		Combat stress reactions are a normal response to abnormal circumstances.
		Stress control personnel talk with troops to identify problems early, advise unit commanders on prevention, give classes and debriefings, and train units to identify combat stress reactions early and help the over-stressing soldiers while they continue their duties.
		Specialized combat stress control teams can provide tents and staff where soldiers who become too stressed to stay in their units get 1–3 days of rest, catch up on nutrition and sleep, do work and regain confidence.
	www.armymedicine.army.mil /about/tl/factscombatstresscontrol.htm (780 words)

	Deployment and Reunion Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		And sometimes reactions to combat stress can interfere with a service member's ability to do his or her job -- whether that job is on the front or back at home.
		Historically, combat stress reactions have represented anywhere from under 10 percent to half of all battlefield casualties, depending upon the difficulty of the conditions.
		Remember that combat stress reactions are common to all ranks, all races, both genders, and to military personnel from all walks of life.
	23tow.net /Default.aspx?tabid=212 (2449 words)

	Combat Stress Control
		Rapid evacuation and separation of CSR casualties from his or her military unit greatly increases the risk of subsequent, serious, long-term social and psychiatric complications, and is, therefore, indicated only when absolutely mission essential.
		CSRs vary in quality and severity as a function of operational conditions, such as intensity, duration, rules of engagement, leadership, effective communication, unit morale, unit cohesion, and perceived importance of the mission, etc. Terms for combat stress historically included Nostalgia, Soldier's Heart, War Neurosis, Combat Neurosis, Combat Fatigue, Combat Exhaustion, and Battle Fatigue.
		The effectiveness of debriefing to ameliorate stress reactions and prevent long-term physical, psychological, intellectual, and poor social effects is optimized when all officers and enlisted personnel are debriefed together, as a team.
	home.pcisys.net /~thebear/combat_stress_control.html (1964 words)

	Treating Stress Disorders Reading
		Stressed individuals such as soldiers benefit from the opportunity to 'ventilate', that is, to express their emotions and thoughts to a listener or to a group of other soldiers.
		The sources of help we most naturally turn to in times of stress are of course family, friends and neighbors, and at one time or another we have all found ourselves trying to console someone or to reduce their stress reactions, in some instances by 'just being there'.
		Panic reactions usually occur when the group feels directly threatened, when there is no pre-arranged plan of how to deal with the situation, and when there appears to be only one line of escape that may be only momentarily available (e.g., one exit in a theater where a fire has broken out).
	home.earthlink.net /~griesinger/rstrtreat.htm (5451 words)

	GAO-06-397, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: DOD Needs to Identify the Factors Its Providers Use to Make Mental Health ...
		These symptoms may occur within the first 4 days after exposure to the stressful event or be delayed for months or years.[Footnote 11] Symptoms that appear within the first 4 days after exposure to a stressful event are generally diagnosed as acute stress reaction or combat stress.
		Central to its approach is the belief that attempting to diagnose normal reactions to combat and assigning too much significance to symptoms when not warranted may do more harm to a servicemember than good.
		If these normal reactions to an abnormal situation are immediately medicalized, the individual takes on a patient role and the symptoms that may normally dissipate with rest and restoration tend to persist.
	www.gao.gov /htext/d06397.html (9800 words)

	The Rest of the Story
		At year 1, subjects in the combat stress reaction group had a 10.57-fold higher odds of meeting PTSD criteria than the comparison subjects.
		The authors observed that 19.8% of the combat stress reaction group and 61.4% of the comparison group did not meet PTSD criteria at any of the four tests.
		What they did was to divide the soldiers into two groups: those who had shown "combat stress reaction" immediately during or shortly after combat, and those who did not have obvious symptoms in the immediate aftermath of combat.
	trots.blogspot.com /2006/04/ptsd-may-persist-in-combat-veterans.html (706 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Military Confronts Combat Stress at Front Lines
		Today, these symptoms are called “combat and operational stress reactions,” the result of the extreme stress troops are exposed to in combat as well as the unpredictable counterinsurgency operations currently taking place in Iraq.
		Combat stress control teams are fanned out throughout Iraq to provide mental healthcare to servicemembers experiencing combat and operational stress reactions, and to help prevent others from developing them.
		During their unit visits, combat stress teams emphasize that nobody is immune to combat stress, regardless of their rank or position in the unit.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Apr2005/20050411_544.html (845 words)

	U.S. Tries Combat Stress Program
		The U.S. military is treating combat stress in Iraq with preventive measures as close to the front as possible, a new approach it hopes will reduce stigma and quickly return troops to their posts.
		In previous wars, soldiers disabled by combat stress usually were evacuated from the battlefield to hospitals at the rear or closer to home, and rarely returned to their units, according to an Army study released last month.
		Koffman, who is about to publish a study on combat stress among U.S. troops in Iraq, declined to give figures for its occurrence in Iraq or to describe specific cases.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,FL_stress_042704,00.html (699 words)

	Publications on Traumatic Stress
		This study assessed the psychopathological effects of combat in veterans with and without combat stress reaction in a 20 year longitudinal study.
		Veterans with combat stress reaction were more likely to endorse Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at all 4 points in time, their PTSD was more severe and they were at increased risk for exacerbation/reactivation.
		These findings suggest that the detrimental effects of combat are deep and enduring and follow a complex course, especially in combat stress reaction casualties.
	www.estss.org /publicat/archived_publications_01.htm (1239 words)

	[No title]
		Vol.25,1991(pp.89-94).Z. Solomon, R. Benbenishty, M. Mikulincer, The contribution of wartime pre-war and post-war factors to self-efficacy: A longitudinal study of combat stress reaction.
		Stress reaction of school-age children to bombardment by SCUD missiles.
		Posttraumatic stress symptoms, fear of intimacy among treated and non-treated survivors who were children during the Holocaust.
	www.tau.ac.il /socialwork/Docs/solomon/articles.doc (3003 words)

	usnews.com: Conflict With Iraq: Combat stress (3/14/03)
		"Stress is a normal reaction to combat," he said.
		The soldiers of the 883rd believe much combat stress is caused by a lack of good food and adequate sleep at the front.
		And the current generation of commanders is more aware that fighting stress and depression will help improve their battle readiness, Kelly said.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/news/iraq/articles/kuwait030314.htm (553 words)

	Reprinted with permission from the Annals of Internal Medicine
		Studies of combat personnel determined that acute combat stress reaction frequently manifested as somatic symptoms, including fatigue, palpitations, diarrhea, headache, impaired concentration, forgetfulness, and disturbed sleep (Table 1) (39).
		As in World War I, soldiers with acute combat stress reaction were more likely to return to duty if they were treated quickly and near their combat units and received a diagnosis of a normal response to extreme stress rather than an abnormal condition.
		Whereas acute combat stress reaction is the immediate consequence of psychological trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder more often refers to the long-term consequences of extreme psychological stress (52).
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /medical/med_syndrome.htm (5379 words)

	(DV) Soldz: Sending Mentally Ill Soldiers Back to Iraq
		The mental health professionals are not in a position to make unbiased judgments as to a soldier's readiness to return to combat when their own status and advancement in the military may depend upon how they exercise that judgment.
		After all, "stress" is often used as a defense when other armed authorities, such as police, are caught engaging in abusive or even murderous behavior.
		This policy of returning potentially unstable soldiers to combat in Iraq is, thus, not only a serious threat to the mental health of the soldiers but a threat to occupied Iraqis.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Mar06/Soldz28.htm (1038 words)

	RAND \| Monographs \| Steeling the Mind: Combat Stress Reactions and Their Implications for Urban Warfare
		Combat stress casualties are not necessarily higher in city operations than operations on other types of terrain.
		Many of those interviewed suggest that urban operations are inordinately stressful and that the risk of CSR may be high.
		Stress in the City: An Evaluation of the Risk of Combat Stress Reactions in Urban Warfare
	www.rand.org /pubs/monographs/MG191/index.html (561 words)

	combat stress
		In actual combat the body can experience similar stresses like that of cold: fine motor skills give way to gross motor skills, breathing becomes rapid and shallow, and reaction time may be slowed.
		My students found that the stress induced by the cold required more energy and determination then when they were performed earlier in the ideal conditions of the training room.
		In combat it is easy to become exhausted very rapidly, especially in prolonged conflicts.
	www.fullcombat.com /Articles/Motivational/combatstress.html (1139 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Health Officials Battle Combat Stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		"Some people are very critical of the term 'combat stress control,' because we're seeing a lot of situations other than combat," she said.
		The chain of command should work closely with their medical team to provide the service member immediate help." DoD mental health experts are trying to emphasize to the services the importance of combat stress control to the overall health and fitness of the force, Ritchie said.
		Ritchie explained it's also important to treat combat stress casualties as close to the front or to their units as possible and with the understanding they will return to duty.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Feb2000/n02222000_20002221.html (526 words)

	Talk:Combat stress reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An arguement against merging this article with the PTSD article: PTSD is a medical ailment that is firmly within the realm of the medical community to deal with, whereas combat stress reaction can be argued to be in both the realm of the medical community and yet still maintains an element of leadership responsibility.
		By this, I mean that there are measures that can be taken by military leaders to mitigate or minimize the effects of combat stress, potentially preventing the development of long term problems like PTSD.
		CSR is generally treated with group therapy, but PTSD is usually a very personal things.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Combat_stress_reaction (357 words)

	Some troops headed back to Iraq are mentally ill
		Stress reduces a person's chances of functioning well in combat, said Frank M. Ochberg, a psychiatrist for 40 years and a founding member of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
		The various studies apparently didn't consider the effects of multiple combat tours, though psychiatrists agree that the greater people's exposure to combat, generally the higher their risk of suffering mental illness.
		He confirmed that Marines with post-traumatic stress disorder and combat stress are returning to Iraq, though he would not say how many.
	www.infowars.com /articles/iraq/mentally_ill_troops_headed_back.htm (1331 words)

	Combat stress - Opinion
		Army psychologist Capt. Marc Houck concluded Pogany was suffering from normal combat stress reaction, and it was recommended Pogany be given a short time away from the action.
		According to a document on the army's Web site, combat stress reactions "are the result of exposure to the same conditions during military actions that cause physical injury and disease in battle or its immediate aftermath..."
		If these reactions are similar to those faced in military combat, the army's charge against Pogany seems a bit extreme.
	www.thelantern.com /news/2003/11/07/Opinion/Combat.Stress-552157.shtml (500 words)

	[No title]
		Military mental health experts expect that the percentage of combat stress cases will be higher for Iraq veterans than for 1991 Gulf War veterans, ten percent of whom returned psychologically damaged.
		BRAD LITZ [Associate Director, National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder]: We are bracing for relatively large numbers who may require services to help them recover from the trauma of war.
		An Army psychologist later diagnosed Pulgani’s reaction as a panic attack, writing that his symptoms were, "consistent with a normal combat stress reaction." These days, Pulgani is assigned to a cleaning detail at Fort Carson.
	www.tricare.mil /eenews/downloads/combatstress121803.doc (912 words)

	[No title]
		That war was one of the first to expose large numbers of troops to extended periods of combat stress, with long term effect on many soldiers.
		Too much combat “leaves a mark on a man” as the ancients were wont to note.
		Only about ten percent of the troops in the army have combat jobs, and even in a place like Iraq, only about a third of the troops are exposed to any kind of combat.
	www.strategypage.com /htmw/htmoral/articles/20051229.aspx (634 words)

	Amazon.ca: Combat Stress Reaction : The Enduring Toll of War: Books: Zahava Solomon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Her clear presentation of the phenomena of combat stress reaction (CSR) will easily educate those unfamiliar with the psychological aftermath of traumatic events [...] eloquently achieves its goal of describing the complex and persistent sequelae of war [...] Solomon's personal insights and the rich case studies highlight the human tragedies that accompany battle."
		In this highly readable text, the author details the findings of an exhaustive series of studies of Isreali combat veterans, documenting the effects of combat stress reaction on mental and physical health, social interaction, and military effectiveness.
		In addition to providing mental health professionals, trauma victims, and military personnel with an unparalleled source of information, the work's exploration of the cultural, social, and political processes affecting recovery from combat stress reaction offers a unique perspective of contemporary Isreali culture.
	www.amazon.ca /Combat-Stress-Reaction-Enduring-Toll/dp/0306442795 (418 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Health
		In the Vietnam War, the symptoms were described as combat stress reaction.
		The rate of post-traumatic stress among Canada's peacekeepers is as high as 20 per cent, according to the military ombudsman's office in Canada.
		Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is one of several anxiety disorders, conditions where people feel intense, prolonged feelings of fright and distress for no clear reason.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/health/posttraumaticstress.html (1264 words)

	Leaders Guide to Combat related Operational Stress - Sean Hannity Discussion
		In the American military, combat stress reactions were noted as early as the Civil War.
		Combat stress reactions were observed in more than 20% of US troops in World War II, and in the Korean War, 10% of medical evacuations were attributable to combat stress.
		Because I served for 30 years, I would like to see Senators and Congressmen (and congresswomen) do an in depth study about Combat Operational Stress in the field and at home after it is over.
	hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?p=6044131#post6044131 (813 words)

	Frontline Treatment of Combat Stress Reaction -- BABBAR 163 (6): 1111 -- Am J Psychiatry
		from combat stress reaction, which is not a very well-defined
		stress reaction, and the symptoms can range from mild anxiety
		Solomon Z, Rami S, Mario M: Frontline treatment of combat stress reaction: a 20-year longitudinal evaluation study.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/short/163/6/1111-a?rss=1 (238 words)

	[No title]
		December 6, 2005: The U.S. Veterans Administration is faced with a flood of disability claims from troops who are claiming injury because of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).
		Formerly called Combat Fatigue, the condition was first widely noted in the late 19th century, after the American Civil War.
		That war, one of the first to expose large numbers of troops to extended periods of combat stress, had the stress angle brought to the attention of the general public because of the appearance of newly invented mass media (cheap newspapers made possible by highly efficient steam powered presses).
	www.strategypage.com /htmw/htmoral/articles/20051206.aspx (630 words)

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