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	Combined Chiefs of Staff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military command for the western Allies during World War II.
		It was a body constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff.
		The key members of the CCS were General George C. Marshall, the United States Army chief of staff, and Gen. Sir Alan Brooke (later Viscount Alanbrooke), Chief of the Imperial General Staff.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combined_Chiefs_of_Staff (258 words)

	Chiefs of Staff Committee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The initial composition of the committee was the professional heads of the three services, the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff.
		The Chiefs of Staff committee was responsible for the overall conduct of the British military part of the war effort.
		The Combined Chiefs of Staff were based in Washington, so for most of the time the Chiefs of Staff were represented at meetings by the British Joint Staff Mission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee (340 words)

	The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)
		The Joint Chiefs of Staff is composed of the highest-ranking member of each branch of the military.
		It consists of the chairman, the vice chairman, the chief of staff of the army, the chief of naval operations, the chief of staff of the air force, and the commandant of the Marine Corps.
		It was established as the American component of the Combined Chiefs of Staff of Great Britain and the United States, which prepared and implemented Allied strategy.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0004627.html (247 words)

	CH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Although the Joint Chiefs of Staff agreed with the British Chiefs that the Soviets needed to be informed, the Americans were anxious about asking the Soviets as it could possibly delay the success of Sunrise.
		However, the Combined Chiefs had been preempted by the British and the Americans had gone along, but they were not happy with the decision, particularly Secretary of War Stimson.
		Thus, the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended that Alexander begin talks with the Germans in Bern and inform the Soviets that they would not be present but that they would be welcome at subsequent meetings.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/st/~vincent/page10.html (1138 words)

	CJS - History
		Membership was expanded to six: the Chiefs of the two Services, their deputies, and the Chief of War Plans Division for the Army and Director of Plans Division for the Navy.
		This first Joint Chiefs of Staff worked throughout the war without legislative sanction or even formal Presidential definition, a status that President Roosevelt believed preserved the flexibility required to meet the needs of the war.
		In combination with the British Chiefs of Staff, it mapped and issued broad st rategic direction for both nations.
	www.jcs.mil /cjs_history.html (704 words)

	Cross-Channel Attack-Bibliographical Note
		The formal record of the wartime proceedings of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Combined Chiefs of Staff consists of minutes of their meetings together with papers embodying all the proposals which they formally considered.
		Rounding out the Joint and Combined record are the thousands of cables between Roosevelt and Churchill, between the War Department and the theater, between the British Chiefs of Staff and their military mission in Washington, and between various commanders and planners.
		Files of each of the five general staff sections and of the Secretary of the General Staff (SGS) and the Adjutant General (AG) are separate, each containing the papers of chief concern to the respective section.
	www.army.mil /CMH-PG/books/wwii/7-4/7-4_bib.htm (2402 words)

	The Avalon Project : Nuremberg Trials Final Report
		On 1 October 1944 the Joint Chiefs of Staff approved this directive (5) and presented it for consideration by the Combined Chiefs of Staff.
		While the Combined Chiefs of Staff were considering the draft directive, the focus of American policy-making shifted to other levels.
		The Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1 WDGS; was empowered to exercise staff supervision of plans and policies with regard to war crimes, and the Judge Advocate General was directed to refer matters of basic policy" to the Assistant Secretary of War through the A. of S., G-1.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/final/finhist.htm (1210 words)

	The United Nations To-Day and To-Morrow
		The establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee was announced by Mr.
		Integral parts of the Combined Chiefs of Staff organization are sub committees composed of military and civil experts, who gather the facts upon which the Combined Chiefs of Staff must base their decisions..
		The Combined Munitions Assignment Boards advise the Combined Chiefs of Staff on the munition resources of the United Kingdom and the United States, and where these munitions shall be assigned, according to strategic needs.
	globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/other/united_nations-04.htm (2576 words)

	Proceedure for Assumption of Command by General Wavell-January 10, 1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The arrangements for production of complete intelligence to serve the Planning Staffs are of great importance and we suggest that this matter should either be referred to the Combined Planning Staffs for report or considered by the Combined Chiefs of Staff at their next meeting.
		We suggest that it will be the duty of the Combined Planning Staffs, advised by appropriate Allocation Officers, to watch, on behalf of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, the production programmes and to bring to notice instances where output does not conform to strategic policy.
		Similarly, the Combined Chiefs of Staff should fromm time to time issue general directives laying down policy to govern the distribution of available weapons of war.
	www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu /psf/box1/t05w12.html (256 words)

	Chapter III: Washington Versus London
		In April, the representatives of the British Chiefs of Staff on the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) proposed that civil affairs policy-planning during the period of military control be delegated to the AT (E) Committee and that special War Department representatives be assigned to sit on the committee.
		They proposed, instead, the creation of a combined civil affairs committee to function under the Combined Chiefs of Staff with authority both to formulate directives to commanders in the field and to co-ordinate the activities of US and British civilian agencies.
		Under it the Washington committee was to recommend general civil affairs policies to the Combined Chiefs of Staff and be responsible for broad civil affairs planning.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/other/us-army_germany_1944-46_ch03.htm (3136 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Alerted on 12 December by Generals Smith and Rooks, the chief of staff and G-3 of AFHQ that the release date of 15 January for the assault shipping required a decision on SHINGLE within a week, General Clark on 18 December reluctantly recommended canceling the Anzio operation. Alexander agreed.
		The British Chiefs of Staff understood his point, and three days later they agreed that the amphibious equipment in the Mediterranean ought to be employed to promote a rapid advance on Rome.
		When General Gruenther, the Fifth Army chief of staff, went to Algiers at the end of the year to participate in discussions because General Clark had a severe cold, he found much doubt at the AFHQ headquarters that Anzio was practicable.
	www.iiimef.usmc.mil /g2_inter/documents/Blumenson_Ch17.doc (3880 words)

	The Grand Alliance and the Future of French Indochina, 1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This military phase of the situation is being submitted to the Joint Chiefs of Staff by Wedemeyer.
		The Joint Chiefs of Staff have taken no action on inter-theater disputes in Asia, pending a meeting of the Combined Chiefs; Churchill has maintained a careful silence; and President Truman has told Hurley that this question will probably be discussed at the forthcoming Berlin Conference.
		Chief French reliance, however, will continue to be placed upon the United Kingdom, which is almost as anxious as the French to see that no pre-war colonial power suffers diminution of power or prestige.
	teachingamericanhistory.org /library/index.asp?document=919 (5537 words)

	Joint Org & Staff Functions
		The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) consist of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
		The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff alone "functions within the chain of command by transmitting communications to the commanders of the combatant commands from the President and Secretary of Defense." That position is now clearly stated in DOD Directive 5100.1.
		Depending on the staff, the staff subdivision may be headed by an assistant chief of staff or director.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/dod/docs/pub1_97/Chap2.html (9865 words)

	World War II: FDR, Truman, Churchill, Stalin Conferences Documents
		The minutes of the Combined Chiefs' meeting at the major conferences touch on virtually every policy and strategy issue of World War II, from initial troop deployments to counter Axis aggression, through the debates about the location and timing of the principal Anglo-American offensives, to the settlement of post-war occupation boundaries.
		The Combined Chiefs discussed the U.S. relief of British forces in Iceland and Northern Ireland, arrangements for the American buildup in the British Isles, and the availability of landing craft for possible invasions of the European continent in 1942 and 1943.
		Roosevelt, Churchill, and their military chiefs of staff decided that the cross-Channel attack, codename OVERLORD, was to be the main Anglo-American effort in Europe for 1944, with a target date of 1 May. They approved the outline plan developed by the combined Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC) staff and authorized preparations.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /wwii_conferences.html (1250 words)

	[No title]
		Much of the information was collected during the 50th Anniversary of the Joint Chiefs of Staff celebration, held in the in the Director's office on February 10, 1992.
		By the close of the war, the Joint Chiefs of Staff had held 201 meetings, most of which took place in their Combined Chiefs of Staff Building.
		Later, the Combined Chiefs of Staff Building was the site of the planning for the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb.
	www.osm.gov /southbldg.htm (1308 words)

	Eisenhower Memorial Commission - The Story Behind Ike’s Fifth Star
		In 1942 the British Chiefs of Staff consisted of General Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial Staff, Fleet Admiral Sir Dudley Pound, and Air Marshal Sir Charles Portal.
		At the first meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in February, 1942, all the British Chiefs, except one, had five star ranks thereby “out ranking” the four stars on the shoulders of their American counterparts.
		A Washington columnist suggested (with tongue in cheek) that Marshall disliked the plan because five stars was the rank of Field Marshal and the Chief of Staff could then be addressed as “Marshal Marshall.” Actually General Marshall was embarrassed by the possibility of higher ranks being handed out at this stage in the war.
	www.eisenhowermemorial.org /stories/Ike-fifth-star.htm (1099 words)

	Dwight David Eisenhower
		As Allied commander, he was not only a military leader but also the representative of the Combined Chiefs of Staff and their respective governments when such political issues as the handling of the Vichy regime had to be resolved.
		The virtue of the Combined Chiefs of Staff was that, as the only organization that gave orders to Eisenhower, it was the nearest thing possible to having only one government to which to answer.
		In dealing with the creation of a common defense against the threat of Communist aggression, Eisenhower and his allied staff worked within the constraints of a Europe that was recovering from the ravages of World War II and still stood on the edge of economic collapse.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/ike/ike.htm (8185 words)

	COMBINEDOPS Op Torch
		Churchill and his Combined Operations planners were closely involved with the Americans in working out the details of Operation Torch.
		In January 1941 a Combined Training Centre was created under Captain J. Hughes-Hallett at Inveraray, Argyll, Scotland and another at Kabrit in Egypt in the canal zone.
		By the spring of 1942 Combined Operations had a virtual monopoly in the skills of amphibious command and this, together with Mountbatten's proven ability and diplomatic approach, led to his promotion to Vice-Admiral and to his appointment to the Chiefs of Staff Committee.
	www.combinedops.com /Torch.htm (3626 words)

	OSM Office was World War II nerve center
		There President Franklin Roosevelt and Britain's Prime Minister Winston Churchill united the leadership of their armed forces under a Combined Chiefs of Staff who were to be the supreme military body for strategic direction of the Anglo-American war effort.
		During the war, the doors of the map room were closed and sealed, and an opening was cut in the floor to allow a sliding carriage to raise maps from the basement-level boiler pit.
		By the close of the war, the Joint Chiefs of Staff had held 201 meetings, most of which took place in the Combined Chiefs of Staff Building.
	www.doi.gov /news/040528a (725 words)

	United States-British Chiefs of Staff, Post-Arcadia Collaboration, January 14, 1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		ide for the.continuance of the necessary machinery to effect collaboration between the United Nations after the departure from Washington of the British Chiefs of Staff, the Combined Chiefs of Staff (formerly designated as "Joint Chiefs of Staff") propose the broad pr.
		The term "Combined Chiefs of Staff" is defined as the British w Chiefs of Staff (or in their absence from Washington, their duly accredited representatives), andthe United States opposite numbers of the British Chiefs of Staff.
		The "Combined Secretariat" is defined as the body of officers duly appointed by the Combined Chiefs of Staff to maintain necessary rec- ords, prepare and distribute essential papers, and perform such other work as is delegatedto them by the Combined Chiefs of Staff.
	www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu /fdr/psf/box1/t05ww02.html (220 words)

	Anzio Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Heavily influenced by Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill, the British Chiefs of Staff continued to advocate a large Mediterranean effort as part of the "soft underbelly" or "peripheral" approach to defeating Nazi Germany.
		Siegfried Westphal, Kesselring's chief of staff, were astonished that the Anzio forces had not exploited their unopposed landing with an immediate thrust into the virtually undefended Alban Hills on 23-24 January.
		Subsequent enemy attacks on 19 and 20 February were noticeably weaker and were broken up by the same combination of Allied arms before ground contact was made The crisis had passed, and while harassing attacks continued until 22 February, VI Corps went over to the offensive locally and succeeded in retaking some lost ground.
	www.45thdivision.org /CampaignsBattles/anzio.htm (7058 words)

	HyperWar: Strategic Air War...Germany & Japan [Chapter 4]
		The Combined Chiefs of Staff accepted and approved the "overall plan for the defeat of Japan" as submitted by the Combined Staff planners on December 2, 1943.
		The Combined Logistic Committee concluded on September 14, 1943, that the plan was not feasible from a logistic viewpoint.
		The staff representative for materiel was Sol Rosenblatt, a temporary wartime colonel.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AAF/Hansell/Hansell-4.html (12247 words)

	AIM25: Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London: Microform: Wartime Conferences of the Combined ...
		In its highest capacity, the Combined Chiefs of Staff committee controlled operational strategy in the Mediterranean and European theatres, and during the Battle of the Atlantic, and held jurisdiction over grand strategic policy in all other areas where operational strategy was controlled by the COS or the JCS.
		The Combined Chiefs of Staff committee issued directives to its supreme commanders by acting through the chiefs of staff of the country that provided the commander.
		The decision to form the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) came in Dec 1941 at the ARCADIA Conference in Washington, DC, where the British Joint Staff Mission headed by Gen (later FM) Sir John Greer Dill developed with American representatives a combined office, secretariat, and planning staff.
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cats/21/2650.htm (469 words)

	COMBINEDOPS Op Overlord
		Immediately after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour the Allies created the "Combined Chiefs of Staff" (CCS) comprising the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff and the British Chiefs of Staff.
		Their function was to assist and advise President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill on the direction and conduct of the war.
		British Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Morgan was appointed, in March 1943, as Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC).
	www.combinedops.com /Overlord.htm (4986 words)

	Decision at Casablanca
		Air Vice Marshal John C. Slessor, assistant chief, Air Staff (Plans), sent a note to the British secretary of state for air, Archibald S.M. Sinclair, explaining that the US was deeply committed to daylight precision bombing.
		Actually, the Combined Chiefs were not that far apart, but Slessor got to the heart of the problem.
		The Combined Chiefs deliberately had crafted the Casablanca Directive to allow both the AAF and RAF sufficient flexibility to pursue their own bombing doctrines and, at the same time, set the stage for a cross-channel strike.
	www.afa.org /magazine/Jan2003/0103casa.asp (2528 words)

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