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Topic: Combined DNA Index System

	The FBI Laboratory's Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) Program
		The Population file is a database of anonymous DNA profiles used to determine the statistical significance of a match.
		Typically, the Local DNA Index System, or LDIS, is installed at crime laboratories operated by police departments, sheriff's offices, or state police agencies.
		The DNA Identification Act of 1994 formalized the FBI's authority to establish a national DNA index for law enforcement purposes.
	www.promega.com /geneticidproc/ussymp6proc/niezgod.htm (2100 words)

	Combined DNA Index System - Wikipedia
		The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is the FBI's national databases of genetic identification codes.
		Each DNA sample is stored as a 13 digit number.
		This DNA is not believed to have any function or influence on human characteristics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combined_DNA_Index_System (221 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 2001, DNA from the 1986 offense was submitted to the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) at the state level which matched it to the 1991 murder.
		DNA found on the napkin matched the DNA from both homicides and the suspect was arrested, charged with both murders and is awaiting trial.
		Rather, the DNA sample which results in the solution of a rape is often collected on the basis of the offenderâs conviction for a nonviolent offense, such as a burglary, a drug offense, or a theft.
	www.senate.gov /comm/judiciary/general/testimony.cfm?id=252&wit_id=512 (2868 words)

	DNA Solves Rape Cases From 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In November 2004, DNA evidence from the incident was submitted to the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).
		CODIS is a national DNA database in which a convicted felon in Maryland must submit a DNA sample.
		The system identified Charnard Jones as being responsible for the sexual offense.
	www.co.ba.md.us /Agencies/police/media/2005_media_releases/January/dna_1998rapes.html (363 words)

	Schiff (CA29) - Press Release - SCHIFF INTRODUCES DNA DATABASE ENHANCEMENT ACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		DNA evidence is perhaps the most powerful tool we have to solve unsolved murder and rape cases.
		In 1998, the FBI created a system of DNA profile indexes, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), to allow participating forensic laboratories to compare DNA profiles with the goal of matching case evidence to other previously unrelated cases or to persons already convicted of specific crimes.
		Where DNA is given voluntarily or obtained by law enforcement in a lawful manner, law enforcement should be able to compare those samples with CODIS.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/press/ca29_schiff/041003DNABill.html (505 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Support the development of improved DNA technologies, set up demonstration projects to encourage the increased use of DNA testing, and create a national forensic science commission to help ensure that the latest DNA and other forensic technologies are used to the maximum extent by criminal justice systems.
		Lack indicated that the borough's CCTV system focuses on repeat offenders--those who, in his words, "commit so many lower level offenses that their behavior is completely unacceptable." The public seems satisfied--a recent poll by the borough council found that 93 percent of Newham residents support the system.
		He explains that his system is "only aiming at those who are actively infringing on the civil liberties of the honest population and [who are] creating a fear of crime." Newham's system differs from others in several ways.
	www.ncjrs.org /txtfiles1/jr000249.txt (14167 words)

	Audit Report
		The DNA Identification Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-322) formalized the FBI’s authority to establish a national DNA index for law enforcement purposes.
		The National DNA Index System (NDIS) is the highest level in the CODIS hierarchy and enables the laboratories participating in the CODIS Program to compare DNA profiles on a national level.
		DNA profiles primarily originate at the local level, flow to the state and national levels, and are compared to determine if a convicted offender can be linked to a crime, or if crimes can be linked to each other.
	www.usdoj.gov /oig/grants/g4005007.htm (696 words)

	Science Science in Society Forensic Science DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		DNA as a forensic instrument - Article discussing the potential and limitations of DNA, published in 1996 by Columbia University, NY.
		DNA Forensics - Comprehensive resource covering forensic identification, arising from the human genome project, discussing accuracies, potential applications and databases such as the Combined DNA Index System.
		DNA in the Courtroom - A Trial Watcher's Guide; succinct explanation of the history, science and law of forensic and parental DNA testing from Seattle, WA.
	www.iper1.com /iper1-odp/scat/id/Science/Science_in_Society/Forensic_Science/DNA (735 words)

	Unisys \| FBI Contracts with Unisys for Development and Deployment of Next-Generation Combined DNA Index System
		Chief among the benefits of the NGCODIS solution to the FBI are scalability and flexibility to meet the increased demand for DNA matching and associated technologies.
		The FBI laboratory's Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is a mission-critical program that allows federal, state and local labs to share and compare DNA profiles, enabling the national and international linkage of convicted offenders to violent crimes.
		Presently, there are 178 national DNA index system participating labs (126 local and 52 state systems) that include the FBI, the U.S. Army and Puerto Rico.
	www.unisys.com /public_sector/news_a_events/all__news/10198717.htm (731 words)

	Indiana Code 10-13-6
		As used in this chapter, "Combined DNA Index System" refers to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's national DNA identification index system that allows the storage and exchange of DNA records submitted by state and local forensic DNA laboratories.
		As used in this chapter, "DNA analysis" means an identification process in which the unique genetic code of an individual that is carried by the individual's DNA is compared with the genetic codes of another individual.
		(a) A person whose DNA profile has been included in the Indiana DNA data base may request expungement of the profile from the DNA data base on the grounds that the conviction on which the authority for inclusion in the Indiana DNA data base was founded has been reversed and the case has been dismissed.
	www.state.in.us /legislative/ic/code/title10/ar13/ch6.html (1537 words)

	Biotechnology - Center For Strategic & International Studies
		DNA samples were obtained from a cab that transported the suspect from the crime scene, and blood in the cab was confirmed to be the victim's.
		The DNA data mandated by each state comply with a uniform system known as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), which allows identification of criminals who cross state lines-if their DNA was collected, analyzed, and stored in a database of genetic profiles.
		CODIS DNA profiles are sorted into two index categories, each with a particular value to law enforcement: (1) genetic profiles of convicted felons according to each state's requirements and (2) unidentified genetic profiles from specimens collected at crime scenes.
	www.csis.org /tech/Biotech/nbpp/Seminar2Brief.htm (3181 words)

	FBI Laboratory: Forensic Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) program provides software and support services to enable state and local laboratories to establish databases of convicted offenders, unsolved crime scenes, and missing persons.
		This indexing system is installed in 104 laboratories in 43 states and the District of Columbia.
		A DNA profile developed by the Virginia Division of Forensic Science in Richmond resulted in the resolution of an unknown subject rape case.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/lab/org/systems.htm (698 words)

	Untitled Document
		DNA samples taken from a crime scene are analyzed, and the resulting profiles are entered into the CODIS system.
		Mitochondrial DNA is a specific subset of DNA that is passed only through the maternal lineage of a family.
		While this testing of mitochondrial DNA cannot be used to produce a DNA profile that identifies a person by itself, it can be used to determine if human remains belong to a person who fits in a particular familial lineage.
	www.lccc.cc.wy.us /wingspan/Archives/2003/0304 (448 words)

	National Institute of Justice - DNA Convicted Offender Backlog Reduction Program
		All convicted offender DNA profiles obtained with funding from this announcement are to be included in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).
		To make grants to States for carrying out DNA analyses for use in the Combined DNA Index System of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, to provide for the collection and analysis of DNA samples from certain violent and sexual offenders for use in such system, and for other purposes.
		This Act modifies the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 by inserting provisions regulating funding of DNA analysis laboratories and authorizing the collection of an index of DNA records and samples, all of which are designed to enhance quality assurance.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /nij/topics/forensics/dna/convicted/welcome.html (476 words)

	Forensic Use of DNA
		With the development of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) for the retention of data concerning convicted felons, direction has been given to the use and retention of information.
		The rules developed in accordance with PA 250 and amending statutes are the foundation of genetic profiling procedures in various contexts and are found in the Michigan Administrative Code (R28.5051-5059).
		DNA Analysis: The object of forensic DNA identification profiling is to establish a pattern that is unique to the individual without identifying genes that are associated with specific diseases or disorders.
	www.mdch.state.mi.us /mcgpp/final/forensic.htm (1429 words)

	National Institute of Justice - Forensic Casework DNA Backlog Reduction
		Forensic DNA casework samples are one of two parts to the State and local DNA backlog problem, along with convicted offender samples.
		All eligible forensic DNA profiles obtained with funding from this announcement are to be included in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).
		All DNA analyses conducted using funding from this program must be performed (1) by a government-owned laboratory that is accredited or currently undergoes external audits not less than once every two years that demonstrate compliance with DNA Quality Assurance Standards established by the Director of the FBI, or (2) through an accredited fee-for-service vendor.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /nij/topics/forensics/dna/casework/welcome.html (1493 words)

	Lawmakers back bills to bolster DNA system
		The Violent Offender DNA Identification Act of 1999 (HR 2810), the DNA Backlog Elimination Act (HR 3087) and the Convicted Offender DNA Index System Support Act (HR 3375) would fund DNA data collection and analysis.
		HR 2810 would mandate the inclusion of DNA samples of convicted felons not currently entered in the Combined DNA Index System and provide $30 million in grants directly to states.
		DNA samples waiting on the shelf to be analyzed offer no assistance in criminal investigations, he noted.
	www.gcn.com /vol19_no11/news/1964-1.html (795 words)

	Felon faces charges in '86 sexual assault - 10/21/03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		* The Combined DNA Index system, or CODIS, officially was activated in 1998 and allows participating forensic laboratories to compare DNA profiles to match case evidence to previously unrelated cases or people already convicted of crimes.
		DNA analysis has been used across the country in unsolved crimes and has resulted in the release of innocent people sent to prison.
		CODIS consists of a hierarchy of DNA indexes at the local, state and national levels.
	www.detnews.com /2003/wayne/0310/27/b03-303530.htm (527 words)

	Crime Laboratory Improvement-Combined Offender DNA Index System Backlog Reduction (16.564)
		In accordance with the DNA Identification Act of 1994; Public Law 103-322, eligible applicants must be State or local (i.e., county and municipal) governments or combinations thereof.
		The purpose of this solicitation is to request applications for grants from State and local (i.e., county and municipal) governments to develop or improve the capability to analyze forensic evidence in State and local forensic laboratories.
		The Convicted Offender DNA Index Sample (CODIS) Backlog Reduction Program which was combined with CLIP in fiscal year 2001, provided funding to State DNA laboratories for outsourcing to private labs, the analysis of 280,000 backlogged convicted offender samples for expedited entry into the CODIS National database.
	www.federalgrantswire.com /crime_laboratory_improvementcombined_offender_dna_index_system_backlog_reduction.html (1342 words)

	DNA matches help FBI link nine sex crimes
		A Index System helped the FBI’s DNA analysis unit close nine sexual-assault investigations with what the bureau called a cold hit.
		CODIS is a repository for DNA profiles submitted by 14 states through their own DISes and by 32 laboratories through local DISes.
		The Forensic Index profiles are of suspects and victims that have not yet been identified, Brown said.
	www.gcn.com /vol18_no25/news/397-1.html (851 words)

	DNA.gov: COmbined DNA Index System-CODIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		CODIS (COmbined DNA Index System), an electronic database of DNA profiles that can identify suspects, is similar to the AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) database.
		Every State in the Nation is in the process of implementing a DNA index of individuals convicted of certain crimes, such as rape, murder, and child abuse.
		Upon conviction and sample analysis, perpetrators' DNA profiles are entered into the DNA database.
	www.dna.gov /audiences/investigators/know/codis (177 words)

	SAIC: Criminal Justice: DNA Matching
		The system helps law enforcement agencies develop investigative leads and generate statistical inference data about the frequency of occurrence of a particular profile in a selected population set.
		An important contribution of the CODIS system to improving the criminal justice system is that it allows DNA evidence left at the crime scene to be linked to the perpetrator.
		In many sexual assault cases, DNA is the only evidence left at the crime scene and there are rarely any witnesses to the crime.
	www.saic.com /justice/codis.html (387 words)

	Texas Department of Public Safety - Courtesy, Service, Protection
		The CODIS convicted offender database, established by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, is a DNA profile repository that law enforcement investigators throughout Texas and the nation use to help solve crimes, particularly those committed by repeat offenders.
		As of August 31, 2001, more than 93,000 profiled DNA samples were included in the Texas CODIS database and the DPS Crime Lab had reported 52 matches between forensic profiles and 302 matches to offenders from the Texas CODIS database since 1998.
		DNA profiles in the Texas CODIS database have matched 2 forensic profiles and 10 offender profiles in the national CODIS database since 1998.
	www.txdps.state.tx.us /director_staff/public_information/pr111301.htm (473 words)

	FBI Laboratory: Forensic Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This indexing system is installed in 104 laboratories in 43 states and the District of Columbia.
		A DNA profile developed by the Virginia Division of Forensic Science in Richmond resulted in the resolution of an unknown subject rape case.
		NDIS is the final level of CODIS and supports the sharing of DNA profiles from convicted offenders and crime scene evidence submitted by state and local forensic laboratories across the United States.
	schizophrene.org /hq/lab/org/systems.htm (698 words)

	DCI - DNA Identification Record System Rules
		Original DNA database sample case files shall be stored in the Biology Unit area and access to those files shall be only CODIS personnel and the Laboratory Supervisor.
		All requests for information about DNA case samples shall be filed in the respective case file, and documentation of the action taken on the request shall be placed in the file.
		A copy of the memorandum of deletion from the state DNA database shall be included in the original case file.
	attorneygeneral.state.wy.us /dci/text_dna_rules.html (2192 words)

	State of Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences
		At the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences Laboratories, through the use of DNA analyses, it is often possible to determine the original donor of the biological evidence.
		The purpose of the system is to create a national information repository where law enforcement professionals can exchange DNA information.
		The Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences generates the DNA profiles that are maintained within CODIS utilizing both RFLP and PCR based DNA technologies.
	www.adfs.state.al.us /news_and_pubs/adfs_codis.htm (441 words)

	Office of Forensic Services
		The Databank is part of a national system called CODIS, a searchable software program with three hierarchical tiers of the DNA Index System (DIS) - local (LDIS), state (SDIS), and national (NDIS).
		This tiered approach allows individual state and local agencies to operate their respective DNA databases according to applicable state law and local policy.
		The individual DNA profiles in the Offender Index are periodically compared with the DNA profiles from crime scene evidence contained in the Forensic Index to determine whether an individual can be identified with crime scene evidence from one or more criminal incidents.
	criminaljustice.state.ny.us /forensic/dnabrochure.htm (567 words)

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