
	Where results make sense

Topic: Combined sewer overflow

	combined sewer overflow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In wet weather, combined sewers overflow into nearby receiving waters, where they cause pollution.
		To lessen this pollution, various measures have been developed, including storage of overflows in tanks and subsequent treatment at a central wastewater treatment plant.
		The older combined sewer overflow tanks may be undersized, however, and can overflow, while providing only limited treatment (by settling) of the CSOs passing through these tanks.
	www.weao.org /combined_sewer_overflow.htm (110 words)

	CSO Brochure
		Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are a major source of stream pollution in most older cities.
		CSOs are outlets that dump excess water from the sewers into streams and rivers, keeping the sewers from backing up into homes, business and streets when it rains.
		In this simplified illustration, the combined sewer line is blocked by a low weir, or dam, before it reaches the stream.
	www.msdlouky.org /programs/cso.htm (865 words)

	Clean Water Atlanta \| Combined Sewer Overflow \| History
		In a combined system, a single large sewer pipe carries both sewage and stormwater to a water reclamation center for treatment.
		Combined sewers were built from the late-1800s until the mid-1900's in many major metropolitan areas.
		When the rains exceed the treatment capacity of the CSO control facilities, screened and disinfected flows are discharged to a nearby stream or creek.
	www.cleanwateratlanta.org /CombinedSewer/History.htm (192 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
		When the combined sewer system was designed over 100 years ago, it was less expensive than building two entirely separate systems of pipes and tunnels to carry stormwater and wastewater.
		The CSO locations were left in place when the present sewer system was updated to act as safety valves when the pipes get too full to handle the high volume of water during heavy rains.
		The Combined Sewer Overflow sign warns people of the dangers of swimming or fishing in water that might be polluted because of a sewer pipe overflowing in the area during and after heavy rain.
	www.metrokc.gov /health/hazard/cso.htm (1793 words)

	Combined sewer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Combined sewer is a type of sewer system which provides partially separated channels for sanitary sewage and stormwater runoff.
		This allows the sanitary sewer system to provide backup capacity for the runoff sewer when runoff volumes are unusually high, but it is an antiquated system that is vulnerable to sanitary sewer overflow during peak rainfall events.
		These sewers designed relief structures in the sewer system so that when the sewer was overloaded with too much flow the water would exit the sewer system and into a nearby body of water through a relief sewer to prevent back-up into the street or homes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combined_sewer_overflow (365 words)

	United Marine International - Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Technology Fact Sheet
		Combined sewer systems (CSSs) are wastewater collection systems designed to carry both sanitary sewage and storm water runoff in a single pipe to a wastewater treatment plant.
		During an overflow event, floatables are retained by the baffles while water passes under the baffles, over the regulator, and into the receiving water body.
		Sewers that are retrofitted with baffles typically employ stainless steel or aluminum curtains at an average cost of less than $10,000 each.
	www.trashskimmer.com /tp_cso.htm (3014 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow - A Minneapolis Solution
		The threats posed by CSOs are serious enough that federal and state mandates have been issued that require the City of Minneapolis to stop combined sewer overflows into the Mississippi River.
		The combined sewers that remain were left for last because they will be the most difficult and expensive to separate.
		The plan, which began implementation in 2003, is largely based on the findings of a comprehensive combined sewer separation study released in April of 2002.
	www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us /cso (623 words)

	Combined Sewer Separation in Minneapolis
		Sewer separation, which involves building separate storm drain pipes and removing all storm water connections from the combined sewer, began in earnest in the 1960s in conjunction with a residential street paving program.
		A continuous “interceptor” sewer was constructed on both sides of the River to connect all existing combined sewers and convey dry weather flows to the treatment plant built in 1938 in Saint Paul.
		The combined sewers continued to serve most of Minneapolis, but separate drainage systems were placed in new developments; one for sewage and the other for stormwater runoff.
	www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us /cso/history.asp (855 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflows
		The theory behind the combination sewer was that during dry weather it could transport sanitary waste to the treatment plant.
		CSO weirs can be raised or other mechanical devices may be used to ensure these pipes are full before they overflow, however, caution must be taken not to allow the pipes to get too full allowing sewer back-ups into basements or on streets.
		Separating combined sewers into a sanitary system and a storm system is an effective way of reducing or eliminating CSO's, however, it is important to remember that in the future there may be stormwater regulations that could require cities the size of Marion to address pollution concerns with these stormwater discharges.
	www.marionutilities.com /cso.htm (1407 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow Control Program
		A detailed evaluation study of each of the CSO control basins was completed to examine the performance of the facilities and the resulting water quality impacts of their discharges.
		Combined sewer overflow pollutant loads to the river have been cut by 90 to 100 percent during most wet weather events.
		The completed basins are controlling overflows at a rate of approximately 4 billion gallons per year with outstanding water quality and aesthetic improvements and increased recreational usage in the Rouge River.
	www.rougeriver.com /cso (1041 words)

	DSW: Combined Sewer Overflow Control Program
		Combined sewers are built to collect sanitary and industrial wastewater as well as storm water runoff and transport this combined wastewater to treatment facilities.
		When it rains, the volume of storm water and wastewater may exceed the capacity of the combined sewers or of the treatment plant, and a portion of the combined wastewater may be allowed to overflow untreated into the nearest ditch, stream, river or lake.
		The objectives of the national policy are: to ensure that if CSOs occur, they are only as a result of wet weather; to bring all wet weather CSO discharge points into compliance with the technology-based and water quality-based requirements of the CWA; and to minimize water quality, aquatic biota, and human health impacts from CSOs.
	www.epa.state.oh.us /dsw/cso/csoindex.html (619 words)

	Dept of Water Environment Protection: Combined sewer overflow
		At these times, the sewers overflow and discharge the excess—a combination of runoff and sanitary sewage—into streams.
		Combined sewer overflows result in the discharge of bacteria, floating substances, organic material, heavy solids, and grit.
		A combined sewer overflow should never be active in dry weather.
	www.ongov.net /WEP/we1802.html (336 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow Control Plan
		Such was the case during 2001 for the updated assessment of CSO discharges to the Dorchester Brook Conduit, the reevaluation of CSO discharges and floatables control needed at outfalls MWR018, 019 and 020, and the reevaluation of the feasibility of closing outfall MWR010.
		CSO discharges in both of these areas are affected by hydraulic conditions in the North Branch of the South Boston Interceptor.
		The additional evaluations were conducted to determine the size of storm predicted to cause a CSO overflow and to assess the potential upstream impact of closing the outfall.
	www.mwra.state.ma.us /annual/csoar/CSO_2001_AR.htm (9672 words)

	DC Water and Sewer Authority
		During periods of significant rainfall, the capacity of a combined sewer may be exceeded.
		Combined Sewer Overflow is discharged, during certain rain events, to the Anacostia River, Rock Creek, the Potomac River or tributary waters at CSO outfalls.
		Whether an overflow occurs and its magnitude depends on many factors including rainfall volume, rainfall intensity, whether or not it has rained in previous days, and on the natural variability of rainfall.
	www.dcwasa.com /education/css/combined_sewer.cfm (408 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow
		These overflows carry pollutants in the form of sewage solids, metals, oil, grease and bacteria which can affect the health of those who swim in CSO polluted water or eat shellfish contaminated by these materials.
		The combined sewer overflows into the Bay are a violation of the Federal Clean Water Act.
		Water quality improvements based on both sewer system and receiving water modeling, are a reduction in overflow volume of approximately 40% after Phase I facilities are complete and approximately 98% after all phases are complete.
	www.narrabay.com /CSO.asp (1598 words)

	Riverkeeper.org, Pollution, NYC: Combined Sewer Overflows
		Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are the single largest impairment to the quality of New York City’s waters.
		The event is called a combined sewer overflow (CSO) and hundreds of them are triggered simultaneously around the five boroughs during steady rainfall.
		CSOs contain raw sewage from homes, businesses and industries, as well as stormwater runoff and all the debris and chemicals that wash off the street or are poured in storm drains.
	www.riverkeeper.org /campaign.php/pollution/we_are_doing/986 (949 words)

	COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW (CSO) SEPARATION PROJECT UPDATE
		Many older areas of Rahway were constructed with a combined sewer that carries both sanitary waste from homes and businesses as well as stormwater runoff from streets and properties.
		The combined sewer overflow and sewer separation project consists of disconnecting the roadway storm sewer catch basins and pipes from the remaining combined storm and sanitary sewer system.
		Once this work is complete the potential for sanitary sewer overflow into the local rivers will be eliminated, and therefore maintain and improve the water quality of the rivers flowing from the city.
	www.cityofrahway.com /pr/pr_10-29-03.htm (360 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow Control Program -- King County Wastewater Treatment Division
		CSOs are discharges of untreated sewage and stormwater released directly into marine waters, lakes and rivers during heavy rainfall, when the sewers have reached their capacity.
		Although the sewage in CSOs is greatly diluted by stormwater, both CSOs and stormwater may be harmful to public health and aquatic life because they carry chemicals and disease-causing pathogens.
		From the late 1800s through the 1940s, engineers designed combined sewers (sewers that carry sewage and stormwater runoff in a single pipe) to convey sewage, horse manure, street and rooftop runoff, and garbage from city streets to the nearest receiving body of water.
	dnr.metrokc.gov /WTD/cso (407 words)

	City of Spokane Wastewater Management
		The intent of the CSO Reduction program is to ensure that untreated overflows to the Spokane River from the combined sewer system (which carry sanitary and stormwater runoff in a single pipe) are reduced.
		The remaining combined sewers are in areas that are not as easily separated.
		The City is currently in the process of evaluating the remaining combined sewer basins and associated overflows to comply with state and federal regulatory requirements and develop plans for reducing the numbers of overflows to one per year per location.
	www.spokanewastewater.org /csoinfo.asp (791 words)

	Nashville Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Program
		The OAP's objective was to eliminate pollution of the Cumberland River and its tributaries in Davidson County by eliminating bypasses and overflows to Nashville's lakes, rivers and streams.
		Since 1990, combined overflows have been reduced by 19 billion gallons into the Cumberland River, a reduction of 20 to 1.
		Pump station overflows have been reduced, CSO points reduced from 31 to 8, and 3 billion gallons of inflow and infiltration have been eliminated from the system.
	www.cte.aecom.com /MarketsAndServices/39/66/index.jsp (401 words)

	MWRA - Combined Sewer Overflow Control Program
		Besides implementing CSO control projects and conducting its own water quality investigations of the Charles River, MWRA has provided financial support to the Charles River Watershed Association’s studies, and is also an active participant in the U.S. Geological Survey’s Lower Charles River Project.
		Built-in overflows (called combined sewer overflows or CSOs) must then act as relief points by letting excess flows leave the system upstream of sewage treatment plants, into the nearest body of water.
		As a result, Boston Harbor, the Charles, the Mystic and the Neponset Rivers are subject to occasional overflows of combined rainwater and sewage.
	www.mwra.state.ma.us /03sewer/html/sewcso.htm (735 words)

	DEQ - Combined/Sanitary Sewer Overflow Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		CSOs are overflows from older sewer systems designed to carry both domestic and storm water loads.
		SSOs are discharges of raw or inadequately treated sewage from municipal seperate sanitary sewer systems, which are designed to carry domestic sanitary sewage but not storm water.
		These overflows may also contain industrial wastewater that is present in the sewer system.
	www.michigan.gov /deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3715-10027--,00.html (380 words)

	Rouge River Wet Weather Demonstration Project
		The Rouge CSO control program is, through a series of CSO demonstration projects adding to the knowledge base for CSO characteristics and control options and, as part of using a watershed approach, determining the need for additional CSO controls within the Rouge watershed to meet water restoration goals.
		The Rouge Project began the restoration of the Rouge River by focusing on a primary pollutant source: combined sewer overflows (CSOs).
		This is because nonpoint source pollutants, such as storm water runoff, illicit connections, failing septic systems, and stream bank erosion, all aggravated by the variable flow, would continue to degrade the river.
	www.rougeriver.com (905 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This practice of "combining" the storm water drainage system with the sanitary sewage removal system resulted in the construction of combined sewer systems.
		This results in a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) during which storm water and untreated sewage are discharged directly to the environment.
		During the infrequent periods when an overflow is occurring, the waters of Travis Ditch become less safe due to an increased presence of bacteria.
	www.ci.la-porte.in.us /wwtp/cso.htm (542 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow
		CSO outfalls do not discharge every time it rains – it depends on the size of the drainage area, the amount of rainfall, and the location and intensity of the storm.
		CSO discharges are made up of a mixture of sanitary sewage, business wastewater, stormwater, and potentially many different types and amounts of pollutants.
		CSOs can affect water quality for several days after it rains, if the outfalls continue to overflow, as can be the case for very large storms.
	www.waterandsewer.org /cso.htm (638 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow — LowellMA.gov
		This is known as a combined sewer system and was commonly used in older New England mill cities.
		Combined sewers serve more than 60 percent of the City.
		However, during rainstorms, stormwater can exceed the capacity of the sewer pipes causing a mixture of stormwater and wastewater to be discharged to the Merrimack and Concord Rivers.
	www.lowellma.gov /depts/wastewater/cso (172 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow Reduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The "Cooperative Approach to CSO Reduction" is focused on working with the citizens of Bremerton to reduce CSOs from our community.
		The program is a cooperative effort between the City of Bremerton and its residents to reduce the amount of stormwater entering combined sewer systems through private sewer laterals.
		This program is needed to bring Bremerton into compliance with WAC 173-245, which requires the reduction of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) by the earliest possible date.
	www.cityofbremerton.com /content/csoreduction.html (159 words)

	Combined Sewer Overflow Projects
		The CSO master plan targets areas of significant wet weather impacts in an effort to divert storm water from going to the Treatment Plant.
		At times these projects may not upgrade the most deteriorated sewer system we have, however, it is important to meet regulatory deadlines to reducing CSO activities required by regulatory order.
		Also, sewer and drain facilities flushing and cleaning, CSO monitoring and planned maintenance by televising of suspecting troubled infrastructure has always been a priority repairs.
	www.sacomaine.org /departments/publicworks/cso.shtml (346 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)