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Topic: Combined cycle

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Combined heat and power

Cogeneration

Gas turbine

Power plant

Brayton cycle

Steam turbine

Electricity generation

Turbine

Central heating

Steam engine

Superheater

Heat transfer

FACTS (Electric power transmission)

Electrical substation

Jet engine

	Combined Cycle Power Plants
		The combined-cycle unit combines the Rankine (steam turbine) and Brayton (gas turbine) thermodynamic cycles by using heat recovery boilers to capture the energy in the gas turbine exhaust gases for steam production to supply a steam turbine as shown in the figure "Combined-Cycle Cogeneration Unit".
		The steam is created by a boiler, where pure water passes through a series of tubes to capture heat from the firebox and then boils under high pressure to become superheated steam.
		In a gas turbine, large volumes of air are compressed to high pressure in a multistage compressor for distribution to one or more combustion gases from the combustion chambers power an axial turbine that drives the compressor and the generator before exhausting to atmosphere.
	www.cogeneration.net /Combined_Cycle_Power_Plants.htm (1001 words)

	Improved liquefied natural gas fueled combined cycle power plant - Patent 5457951
		A method and system for using liquefied natural gas ("LNG") in combination with a combined cycle plant both to chill a heat exchange fluid which fluid is used to cool and densify the intake air for a gas turbine and to condense the spent steam from a steam turbine.
		These combination plants, referred to as combined cycle plants, are generally distinguished by their very good conversion efficiencies which range in the order of magnitude from 50 to 52%.
		The combined cycle plant comprises a gas turbine plant, a waste-heat boiler and a steam turbine plant.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5457951.html (3560 words)

	Combined cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Combined cycle is a term used when a power producing engine or plant employs more than one thermodynamic cycle.
		This is achieved by combining the Rankine (steam) and Brayton (gas) thermodynamic cycles.
		Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, or IGCC, is a power plant using synthetic gas (syngas) as a source of clean fuel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combined_cycle (1392 words)

	Combined Cycle Gas Turbines
		As more and more combined cycle plants are brought into service, the generating companies will come under increasing competitive pressures.
		The course is structured to suit the needs of engineering and technical personnel employed in power generation companies, engineering contractors, manufacturers and various other suppliers to this industry.
		The main aim of the course is to provide the delegate with a thorough understanding of aspects of combined cycle technology.
	www.cranfield.ac.uk /soe/cpd/ppae_combcycgasturb-5.htm (187 words)

	Coen \| White Papers \| New Combined Cycle Technology For Achieving Ultra-Low Emissions
		Today’s gas fired combined cycle plants are considered to be the most efficient and environmentally friendly means to produce electric power.
		Since the patented combined cycle 2x1 plant can produce up to 800 MW, it can replace the conventional 3x1 plant with the same output, or similarly, the new technology 3x1 can replace the conventional 1200 MW plant, which is essentially 2 blocks of a 2x1 arrangement.
		cycle can eliminate the need for a CO catalyst, as the duct burners will incinerate emissions to a comparable level, or in some instances, such as that of particulates, reduce emissions that are unaffected by the oxidation catalyst.
	www.coen.com /i_html/white_NewCombCycle.html (4337 words)

	Boyce Consultancy Combined Cycle Power Plants
		This four-day course deals with the design and general operation and maintenance characteristics of a combined cycle power plant, with emphasis on the major plant Components, and the performance of the plant.
		Cycle Analysis of the Combined Cycle Power Plant will be undertaken and optimization of the cycle based on the performance of the various components will be studied.
		The performance of the combined cycle is also dependent on the HRSG and the steam turbine performance.
	www.boyceconsultancy.com /Combined-Cycle-Power-Plants.htm (1519 words)

	Sulzer Pumps - Combined Cycle
		Highly efficient natural gas fired Combined Cycle plants are quick to construct and require low capital investment compared to Fossil Fueled fired power plants.
		Combined Cycle technology is a highly efficient generator of electricity -- typically including a Gas Turbine connected to an electric generator with a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to capture the waste heat to produce steam.
		Combined cycle power plants pumping systems must be reliable and available at all times, often meeting more than a dozen operating conditions as well as up to 200 starts and stops per year.
	www.sulzerpumps.com /DesktopDefault.aspx/tabid-327/445_read-1298 (593 words)

	Siemens Power Generation: Combined Cycle Power Plants (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Our range of combined-cycle reference plants combines the economical benefits of a pre-engineered power plant design with high flexibility through a wide range of options to meet customer requirements.
		The combined cycle plant is an integration of two prime movers; the gas turbine and the steam turbine combining many of the advantages of the both.
		In combination with an upstream gasification plant combination cycle power plant technology can also be applied for non-conventional fuels such as coal, petroleum coke or liquid refinery residues.
	www.siemenswestinghouse.com /en/combinedcycle/index.cfm (242 words)

	Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles at After Gutenberg
		The term, “combined cycles”, means that the heat from the first cycle is used to run a second cycle.
		Gas turbines have long been used in simple cycle mode for peak lopping in the power generation industry, where natural gas or distillate liquid fuels have been used, and where their ability to start and shut down on demand is essential.
		More recently, as simple cycle efficiencies have improved and as natural gas prices have fallen, gas turbines have been more widely adopted for base load power generation, especially in combined cycle mode, where waste heat is recovered in waste heat boilers, and the steam used to produce additional electricity.
	jcwinnie.biz /wordpress/?p=1468 (1584 words)

	Efficiency combined cycle power plant (US4932204)
		The efficiency of a combined cycle power plant is improved by preheating fuel supplied to a combustion turbine.
		The flow rate of feed water through an economizer section of a heat recovery steam generator is increased, and the excess flow, over that required to sustain saturated steam production in an evaporator section, is flowed through a heat exchanger to preheat the fuel.
		Combined cycle power plant capable of controlling water level in boiler drum of power plant
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04932204 (408 words)

	GADSnxl: FAQ
		A combined cycle plant is a highly fuel-efficient process that involves generating electricity in combustion turbines and utilizing the procedure's hot exhaust (waste heat) to create water vapor, which is then used to generate additional electricity in a steam turbine.
		The combined cycle plant involves the sequential use of the fuel energy in both the gas turbine-generator and the steam turbine-generator.
		Normally, the overall heat rate (Btu/kWh) for the combined cycle is calculated by summing the fuel burned in each of the gas turbines and the fuel burned in the duct burners (expressed in Btu) and dividing the summed Btu value by the total generation (kWh) from the gas turbine generator and the steam turbine generator.
	www.gadsnxl.com /Faq.asp (1667 words)

	Vision Engineer - Combined Cycle Powerplants (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combined cycle [CC] powerplants make an attempt to recover this energy and use it to generate electricity in a second type of power generator.
		A very common type of combined cycle powerplant is to use a gas turbine together with a steam turbine.
		The equipment used to recover steam from the gas turbine exhaust is known as a heat recovery steam generator [HRSG].
	www.visionengineer.com /mech/combined_cycle.php (243 words)

	FPL \| Manatee Combined-cycle Technology
		A natural gas, combined-cycle plant produces electricity from two sources of energy instead of one.
		Combined cycle is about 30 percent more efficient than a traditional steam plant.
		Energy is produced by combustion of natural gas in a turbine, similar to a jet engine.
	www.fpl.com /environment/plant/manatee_combined_cycle.shtml (97 words)

	Siemens Power Generation: Combined Cycle Power Plants (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Our range of combined-cycle reference plants combines the economical benefits of a pre-engineered power plant design with high flexibility through a wide range of options to meet customer requirements.
		The combined cycle plant is an integration of two prime movers; the gas turbine and the steam turbine combining many of the advantages of the both.
		In combination with an upstream gasification plant combination cycle power plant technology can also be applied for non-conventional fuels such as coal, petroleum coke or liquid refinery residues.
	www.powergeneration.siemens.com /en/combinedcycle/index.cfm (242 words)

	COAL21
		Coal is combined with oxygen in the gasifier to produce the gaseous fuel, mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
		Combined cycle is more efficient than conventional power generating systems because it re-uses waste heat to produce more electricity.
		While fuel cells may become a principal energy conversion device of this century, they require further development for application in large stationary power plants and are not currently competitive with gas and steam based combined cycles for power generation or in transport applications.
	www.coal21.com.au /IGCC.php (1071 words)

	Fast start-up combined cycle power plant patent invention
		A combined cycle power plant that uses the combined cycle power generation is configured by combining the gas turbine, the steam turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, and the like.
		Accordingly, in order not to damage the damper, it is necessary, for example, to form the damper drive, which supports the damper, of a high strength material or to make the damper drive such one that produces a strong motivity as a driving force transmitted to the damper.
		[0012] The combined cycle power plant of the present invention can effectively prevent the vibration of the damper due to a high pressure of the exhaust gas by supporting the damper drive, which is supported by the damper drive, with the guide mechanism provided at the exhaust gas duct.
	www.freshpatents.com /Fast-start-up-combined-cycle-power-plant-dt20051208ptan20050268594.php (935 words)

	Solar Combined Cycle
		Conventional combined cycle (CC) power plants are a very attractive configuration where a suitable fossil fuel (natural gas is preferred though fuel oil can be used) is available due to excellent performance, cost and emission characteristics.
		Here the energy from the gases generates and superheats steam to be used in the ST bottoming cycle.
		The system design may be thermodynamically optimized by having the exhaust gas and/or the solar thermal energy give up its heat at points in the steam cycle where local heat transfer fluid temperatures are compatible with the local steam temperature, i.e., all heat transfer processes take place at reasonably small temperature differences.
	www.flagsol.com /ISCCS_tech.htm (334 words)

	Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
		Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising technologies in power generation that utilizes low-quality solid and liquid fuels and is able to meet the most stringent emissions requirements.
		IGCC uses a combined cycle format with a gas turbine driven by the combusted syngas from the gasifier, while the exhaust gases are heat exchanged with water/steam to generate superheated steam to drive a steam turbine.
		This fuel gas is combusted in a topping combustor and adds to the combustor's flue gas energy entering the gas turbine, which is the more efficient portion of the combined cycle.
	www.cogeneration.net /Integrated_Gasification_Combined_Cycle.htm (5160 words)

	GT PRO: Gas turbine combined cycle design program
		Gas turbine combined cycle design program to create cycle heat balance and physical equipment needed to realize it.
		From gas turbines in simple cycle, to engines exhausting into waste heat recovery boilers for process steam, optionally including condensing, non-condensing, or reheat steam turbines, with any sort of cooling system, are all easily accommodated in GT PRO.
		While only an overview graphic is presented to describe each case, the program provides from 50 to over 100 outputs consisting of well-organized overview summary reports, detailed equipment descriptions, and informative graphical displays.
	www.thermoflow.com /CombinedCycle_GTP.htm (447 words)

	EPRI: Interim Cycle Chemistry Guidelines for Combined Cycle Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combined cycle/heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) plants are relatively new sources of generation with efficiencies approaching 60 percent.
		Following these guidelines, an operator will be able to select, optimize, and maintain a cycle chemistry control program for combined cycle units that avoids operating problems and HRSG failures.
		Combined cycle plants are minimally staffed from the chemistry viewpoint, emphasizing the need for simple, reliable instrumentation alarmed for immediate action.
	www.epri.com /OrderableitemDesc.asp?product_id=TR-110051&searchdate=01/28/1998 (626 words)

	Combined Cycle Power Plant (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Combined Cycle power plant is a combination of a fuel-fired turbine with a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) and a steam powered turbine.
		Depending on the power requirements at the time, the combined cycle plant may operate only the fired turbine and divert the exhaust.
		Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Plant, steam turbine and generator are on the left side of the diagram.
	www.energysolutionscenter.org /DistGen/Tutorial/CombinedCycle.htm (100 words)

	Combined Cycle Users' Group
		The Combined Cycle User Group has been formed in cooperation with the ASME Power Division Combined Cycles Committee, the ELECTRIC POWER Conference and other industry groups.
		It addresses issues concerning the interaction between all major components of the combined cycle power plant - the gas turbine, HRSG and steam turbine.
		The Combined Cycle Users Group is developing a data base of power plants, a library of articles and a chat room where members can exchange experiences.
	www.combinedcycleusers.org (241 words)

	AEP : About Us : Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
		In August 2004, AEP announced plans to construct an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant and place it in commercial operation by 2010.
		It will be the largest commercial-scale IGCC plant in the U.S. and the world.
		Use of this site constitutes acceptance of the AEP Terms and Conditions.
	www.aep.com /about/igcc/default.htm (190 words)

	Combined Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A combined cycle power plant is a dual cycle plant.
		The "2nd" part of the combined cycle is a heat recovery unit.
		The combined cycle plants are normally designed to meet base and intermediate loads.
	www.wsu.edu /~forda/Lcc.html (123 words)

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