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Topic: Combustor

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	MSW COMBUSTOR ASH- Material Description
		Municipal solid waste (MSW) combustor ash is the by-product that is produced during the combustion of municipal solid waste in solid waste combustor facilities.
		MSW combustor ash is generally managed by the waste-to-energy facility operator on behalf of the local municipality or authority that owns the facility.
		Combustor ash is highly absorptive with absorption values ranging from 5 to 17 percent for fine particles and from about 4 to 10 percent for coarse particles.
	www.tfhrc.gov /hnr20/recycle/waste/mswca1.htm (2511 words)

	Combustor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a gas turbine engine, the main combustor or combustion chamber is located between the (HP) compressor and the (HP) turbine of the gas generator.
		Combustor design requires that part of the airflow be almost stationary (Mach~0.05) where the fuel and air are mixed and ignited.
		Combustors in rocket engines operate outside of the main rocket chamber and will usually be handling pre-combustion of fuel and LOX so that the mixture burns completely in the rocket motor combustion chamber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combustor (369 words)

	Combustor air flow control method for fuel cell apparatus (US6306531)
		In all operating modes, an enthalpy balance is provided by regulating the quantity of the air flow stream to the combustor to support fuel cell processor heat requirements.
		A method of operating a combustor to heat a fuel processor in a fuel cell apparatus in which the fuel processor generates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel for supplying a fuel cell, the fuel cell discharging oxygen containing cathode effluent, the method comprising the steps of:
		(e) regulating the air flow stream to the combustor to control the temperature of the combustor, by controlling the effective cross sectional area of an output flow orifice of an air flow regulator in response to the constituent makeup of the air stream.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06306531__ (752 words)

	Star combustor with dilution ports in can portions - Patent 5628182
		The combustor as in claim 10, wherein said reheating means is responsive to the temperature of the combustion gases proximate said annular chamber exit.
		The combustor also has inlet means for admitting the fuel and the compressed air for combustion into the can chamber portion, and the annular chamber portion is configured radially to surround the shaft and axially to nest between the compressor and the turbine.
		Importantly, combustor system 710 uses external premixer 760 which includes fuel nozzle 764 (which may be an "air-blast" type receiving compressed air directly from compressor 722 via conduit 788 with a tangential inlet-shown dotted) and venturi 768 to supply fully premixed fuel/air tangentially to annular combustion zone 754 defined by liner housing 740.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5628182.html (12915 words)

	Ben ZINN -- Stagnation Point Reverse Flow Combustor -- Article & 6 patents
		When combustor vessel 121 is received within outer casing or secondary housing interior 131, an air channel 134 is defined enabling air from the compressor to flow around combustor vessel 121.
		Combustor vessel 121 is preferably cylindrical or a torus having proximate end 122 and distal closed end 124.
		The air and fuel reach a point of low velocity within the combustor vessel due to the closed distal wall of the combustor vessel where a fraction of the fuel is burned.
	www.rexresearch.com /zinncomb/combustor.htm (8682 words)

	Apparatus and method for determining and controlling combustor primary zone temperature - Patent 5537864
		An apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said combustor primary zone temperature being determined as a function of a predetermined measured ratio of a temperature at the second location relative to a temperature at an exit location of the combustor for each different value of the third signal.
		An apparatus, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said combustor primary zone temperature being determined as a function of a predetermined measured ratio of a temperature at the second location relative to a temperature at an exit location of the combustor for each different value of the third signal.
		In order to determine the combustor primary zone temperature, it is necessary to measure the ratio of temperature at the second location relative to the temperature at the turbine inlet location 34 for each different value of the third signal.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5537864.html (5028 words)

	Gas turbine combustor invention
		The compressed air 16 is received by a combustor 18 where it is used to burn a flow of a combustible fuel 20, such as natural gas or fuel oil provided by fuel supply 24, to produce a flow of hot combustion gas 22.
		In another embodiment, the combustor 18 may be an annular type combustor including a plurality of individual burners disposed in a ring about an axial centerline of the combustor 18 for providing a mixture of fuel and air to an annular combustion chamber disposed upstream of the turbine inlet 33.
		The combustor burner 34 receives an oxidizer flow, such as a respective burner portion 36 of the compressed air 16 and a respective burner portion 37 of the flow of combustible fuel 20, and discharges a respective burner portion 23 of the hot combustion gas 22.
	www.freshpatents.com /Gas-turbine-combustor-dt20060720ptan20060156734.php (2100 words)

	Lean-staged pyrospin combustor invention (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The combustor chamber 14 illustrated is of a reverse annular configuration.
		Each of the first and second pluralities of injectors 22, 24 are disposed in the combustor 12 at a position adjacent both the primary and intermediate zones 30, 32.
		The igniters 26 ignite the fuel-air mixture within the combustor chamber 14 to produce gases that exit as indicated at 34.
	www.freshpatents.com /Lean-staged-pyrospin-combustor-dt20051020ptan20050229604.php (1498 words)

	Tech Support: CATALYTIC COMBUSTOR Care & Cleaning Guide
		Your catalytic combustor is designed to withstand 12,000 hours of continuous use, approximately 5-6 years—depending on your firing practices and severity of your winter.
		It results from engaging the combustor too soon or trying to operate the unit when the combustor temperature is too low.
		It is important to replace the old combustor with a new one of the correct size.
	www.dukefire.com /catalyticcare_cleaning.htm (1035 words)

	Idaho Statutes
		All combustors located on one (1) or more contiguous or adjacent properties and owned or operated by the same person or persons under common control shall be considered in determining the maximum rated capacity of a combustor.
		For any combustor constructed or modified after the date of enactment of this section, no less than seventy per cent (70%) of the weight of the material charged into the combustor on an annual basis shall be material generated inside the zone in which the combustor is located.
		The term "local government" means the city government for the city in which the combustor is to be located or, if the combustor is to be located outside the limits of an incorporated city, the county government for the county in which the combustor is to be located.
	www3.state.id.us /cgi-bin/newidst?sctid=390010028.K (1018 words)

	Electronic Code of Federal Regulations:
		Bubbling fluidized bed combustor means a fluidized bed combustor in which the majority of the bed material remains in a fluidized state in the primary combustion zone.
		Municipal waste combustor plant capacity means the aggregate MWC unit capacity of all MWC units at an MWC plant for which construction, modification, or reconstruction of the units commenced after December 20, 1989 and on or before September 20, 1994.
		Pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor or pulverized coal/RDF mixed fuel-fired combustor means a combustor that fires coal and RDF simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is fired in suspension.
	ecfr.gpoaccess.gov /cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=185bdc165a6c68b9a1df1bc3fa8e658c&rgn=div6&view=text&node=40:6.0.1.1.1.14&idno=40 (6904 words)

	151.html (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In addition, the catalytic combustor reduces wood consumption by 20% to 25% for the same amount of heat, reduces air pollution by 75 percent, and requires less refueling as wood burns for 8, 10, up to even 15 hours.
		A catalytic combustor is installed in the firebox or in the stovepipe of a free-standing stove or on the collar of fireplace inserts.
		Because the combustor restricts natural draft to some extent, a bypass damper is need to prevent the stove from smoking.
	www.agnr.umd.edu /users/Bioreng/html/151.html (965 words)

	GasTurbnLab Project
		The gas turbine engine combustor increases the enthalpy of the working fluid by oxidization of fuel and the subsequent dilution of the resulting products with additional air until temperatures acceptable to the turbine are achieved.
		Inputs include the combustor geometry, the inlet flow field an the mass flow, specified by means of the combustor exit pressure.
		The blade row and combustor simulations are coupled through the ALE3D predicted blade row exit flow field that is the combustor KIVA input and the KIVA predicted combustor inlet flow field which is the blade row exit pressure.
	www.cs.purdue.edu /research/cse/gasturbn/overview/engineering.html (1412 words)

	Georgia Institute of Technology :: News Room :: Device Burns Fuel with Almost Zero Emissions
		Called the Stagnation Point Reverse Flow Combustor, the Georgia Tech device, originally developed for NASA, significantly reduces NOx and CO emissions in a variety of aircraft engines and gas turbines that burn gaseous or liquid fuels.
		The project’s initial goal was to develop a low emissions combustor for aircraft engines and power-generating gas turbines that must stably burn large amounts of fuel in a small volume over a wide range of power settings (or fuel flow rates).
		To reduce emissions in existing combustors, fuel is premixed with a large amount of swirling air flow prior to injection into the combustor.
	www.gatech.edu /news-room/release.php?id=1020 (709 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Record of Decision; JEA Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor Project, Jacksonville, Duval County, ...
		In a CFB combustor, coal or other fuels, air, and crushed limestone or other sorbents are injected into the lower portion of the combustor for initial burning of the fuel.
		Drains in the bottom of the combustor remove a fraction of the bed composed primarily of ash while new fuel and sorbent are added.
		Another advantage of the combustor is the efficient transfer of heat due to the physical contact between the particles in the bed and the heat exchanger tubes in the walls.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2000/December/Day-07/i31160.htm (8053 words)

	Commissioning of Scramjet Combustor Flight Experiment
		The scramjet combustor is mounted on the front of a small sounding rocket and accelerated to a speed close to Mach 8 for the experiment.
		In the combustor of a scramjet engine, it is necessary to perform mixing and burning of the fuel and air in an extremely short period of time (0.5 milliseconds = five 10,000ths of a second) while maintaining supersonic flow conditions.
		Turbulent mixing of the fuel and air by the vortices present in the air is the most ideal mixing method, however, at supersonic flight speeds, the mixing of the fuel and air is reduced due to the strong suppression of vortex1 generation by the compressibility of the air flow.
	www.jaxa.jp /press/2006/03/20060320_ramjet_e.html (675 words)

	The Combustion Laboratory at University of Maryland
		Underwater combustor systems, associated with torpedoes, missiles, small autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV’s) as well as other types of submersible systems are an area of particular interest.
		A swirl-stabilized methanol spray flame is visible in the combustor; and the exhaust jet is seen interacting with water in the mixing chamber.
		The upstream chamber functions as a combustor while the downstream structure functions as a mixing chamber.
	www.enme.umd.edu /combustion/underwater_propulsion.htm (770 words)

	Laboratory-Scale Gas Turbine Combustor Test Facility
		The combustor overall length to hydraulic diameter ratio is 4.9, and the exit blockage is 45 percent by means of an orifice plate.
		The combustor is mounted on a 240 mm length spool piece containing a mounting pad for the fuel injector flange.
		The combustor and spool piece are situated on an inlet air conditioning section, also shown in Figure 1.
	www-acerc.byu.edu /papers/gas_turbine_combustor.html (1090 words)

	Multi-Disciplinary Combustor Design System and Emissions Modeling
		The objective is to develop an integrated system of codes for combustor design and analysis to enable a factor of 5 reduction in cost and time for analysis.
		The total elapsed time for the full combustor analysis has been reduced by a factor of 5, enabling grid generation, simulations and post-processing in less than a week, in comparison to the baseline (1995) elapsed time of 28 days.
		The goal of the combustor modeling project, and NPSS, is to provide a tool that can significantly reduce design time, risk and the cost associated with designing advanced gas turbine engines.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /hpcc/reports/annrpt97/accomps/cas_lerc/WW273.html (483 words)

	Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
		However, superimposed on all combustor design considerations is the continuing underlying requirement that low emissions features must not compromise basic combustion requirements or have any significant effect on engine performance.
		For example, a new combustor design is often introduced as a package that includes modifications to the combustion chamber, fuel nozzles, and engine control.
		Thus, the high-power stage of a combustor optimized for low NOx does not have to cope with low-power stability requirements, which are dealt with by bringing in other parts of the staged combustor when needed.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc/aviation/102.htm (1991 words)

	Particulate Test Combustor/Emission Control Simulator
		The pilot furnace, known as the particulate test combustor (PTC), is a 550,000-Btu/hr pulverized coal (pc)-fired unit designed to generate fly ash representative of that produced in a full-scale utility boiler.
		Based on the superficial gas velocity, the mean residence time of a particle in the combustor is approximately 3 seconds.
		The coal nozzle of the PTC fires axially upward from the bottom of the combustor, and secondary air is introduced concentrically to the primary air with turbulent mixing.
	www.undeerc.org /rnd/equipment/particulate.asp (638 words)

	NETL: CCPI/Clean Coal Demonstrations
		The secondary air is preheated by the combustor walls to attain efficient combustion of the coal particles in the fuel-rich combustor.
		A maximum of one-third of the coal's sulfur was retained in the dry ash removed from the combustor (as slag) and furnace hearth.
		A maximum of one-third of the coal's sulfur was retained in the dry ash removed from the combustor and furnace hearths, and as much as 11% of the coal's sulfur was retained in the slag rejected through the slag tap.
	www.netl.doe.gov /technologies/coalpower/cctc/summaries/cotec/adcyclonedemo.html (1364 words)

	Particulate Test Combustor/Emission Control Simulator
		The pilot furnace, known as the particulate test combustor (PTC), is a 550,000-Btu/hr pulverized coal (pc)-fired unit designed to generate fly ash representative of that produced in a full-scale utility boiler.
		Based on the superficial gas velocity, the mean residence time of a particle in the combustor is approximately 3 seconds.
		The coal nozzle of the PTC fires axially upward from the bottom of the combustor, and secondary air is introduced concentrically to the primary air with turbulent mixing.
	www.eerc.und.nodak.edu /rnd/equipment/particulate.asp (638 words)

	GE - Aviation: GEnx
		With our innovative single-annular TAPS combustor, the GEnx is designed to be the cleanest-burning engine in its class.
		This combustor will far and away comply with all existing and expected regulations for NOx emissions -- positioning GEnx operators for clean compliance for many years to come.
		This clean, easy-to-maintain combustor is one of the many innovations that will give GEnx customrs advantages unavailable to anyone else.
	www.geae.com /engines/commercial/genx/combustor.html (217 words)

	Buck Stove Corporation - Wood and Gas Stoves (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Should the combustor’s cells become masked with fly-ash, use a paintbrush or soft-bristle brush and dust the combustor gently.
		Should the combustor become masked with soot or creosote, it is possible to burn the accumulation off by opening the by-pass and building a hot fire.
		Although, some combustors have operated with efficiency for as high as ten years, the combustor’s life is based on the stove operator, maintenance, fuels used, and the stove manufacturer’s design.
	www.buckstovecorp.com /faq.htm (1149 words)

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