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	Comet - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A bright comet consists of (I) a star-like nucleus; (2) a nebulous haze, called the coma, surrounding this nucleus, the latter fading into the haze by insensible gradations; (3) a tail or luminous stream flowing from the coma in a direction opposite to that of the sun.
		It may be remarked that observations on the comet of 1843 seemed to show a slight ellipticity of the orbit, corresponding to a period of several centuries; but the deviation of all the orbits from a parabola is too slight to be established by observations.
		In view of the seemingly inevitable dissipation of comets in the course of ages, and of the actually observed changes of their orbits by the attraction of Jupiter, the question arises whether the orbits of all' comets of short period may not have been determined by the attraction of the planets, especially of Jupiter.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Comet (4557 words)

	comet
		Comets are leftovers from the formation of the Solar System and are believed to exist in vast numbers in the Oort Cloud and, to a lesser extent, in the Kuiper Belt.
		As a comet draws nearer to the Sun, solar radiation causes the comet's frozen gases to sublime (turn directly from a solid into a gas) and be released, so that, in addition to the frozen nucleus, several new features develop.
		As well as the many individual comets on record, two distinct comet families are known: the Jupiter family, whose members have different origins but have all been captured by Jupiter into similar orbits, and the Kreutz family of sungrazing-comets, which may be fragments of a single parent body.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/comet.html (822 words)

	Comet - MSN Encarta
		In the 17th century British scientist Isaac Newton demonstrated that the movements of comets are subject to the same laws that control the planets in their orbits.
		By comparing the orbital elements of a number of earlier comets, British astronomer Edmond Halley showed the comet of 1682 to be identical with the two that had appeared in 1607 and 1531, and he successfully predicted the comet’s next return, which occurred in 1758.
		The molecules are blown away from the comet by the action of the solar wind, a thin stream of hot gases ejected from the solar corona, the outermost atmosphere of the Sun, at a speed of 400 km (250 mi) per sec.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578966/Comet.html (882 words)

	Comets.html
		Most comets are believed to come from the Oort Cloud, which lies beyond the planets, about one light year away from the sun, and also from the Jupiter belt which is situated just beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto.
		The brightness of a comet is partly achieved by the nucleus and coma reflecting the sun's light.
		Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 is the comet that crashed into Jupiter in July 1994 and left a distinct mark on this planet.
	library.thinkquest.org /26155/comets.html (501 words)

	Comet - ninemsn Encarta
		Encke’s comet has a period of only 3.3 years; Donati’s comet of 1858 has one of 2,000 years; but the majority of comets have even longer periods.
		The orbits of most comets are so vast that they are virtually indistinguishable from parabolas—open curves that would take the comets out of the solar system—but from careful observations astronomers have found that they too are ellipses, albeit of great eccentricity, and with periods measured in millions or tens of millions of years.
		At the extremes of their motions, far from the Sun, the orbits of many comets are significantly affected by passing stars, and even by the overall gravitational effect of the Galactic disc.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578966_2/Comet.html (679 words)

	Astronomy & Astrology - Comet
		The earlier appearances of Halley's Comet have now been identified from records dating from as early as 240 BC, and it is probable that the bright comet observed in 466 BC was also an apparition of this famous comet.
		The molecules are blown away from the comet by the action of the solar wind, a thin stream of hot gases continuously ejected from the solar corona, the outermost atmosphere of the sun, at a speed of 400 km (250 mi) per sec.
		The orbits of most comets are so vast that they are indistinguishable from parabolas—open curves that would take the comets out of the solar system—but from technical analyses astronomers assume that they also are ellipses, of great eccentricity, with periods as long as 40,000 years or possibly much longer.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/horoscopes/acomet.htm (1604 words)

	Astronomy for Kids \| Learning About Comets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A comet is a small member of the solar system made up of rocky material held together by frozen gases.
		The outer layer of the comet is made of ice but when it passes by the sun it begins to evaporate.
		Some famous comets are: The Great Comet of 1843, The Great Comet of 1884, The Hale-Bopp Comet, Donati's Comet, and the Shoemaker Levy 9 Comet that hit Jupiter in 1994.
	library.thinkquest.org /3645/comets.html (197 words)

	970326A Comet Hale-Bopp
		The hoods were formed from an active region on the comet's nucleus called a jet, that ejected dust, ice and gas into space after heating by the sun.
		The white spot in the center of the hoods is the comet's false or pseudo-nucleus.
		Comet Hale-Bopp's hoods were the most distinct details seen in any comet since Comet Donati in 1858.
	www.astropix.com /HTML/F_COMETS/970326A.HTM (296 words)

	Sea and Sky's Tour of the Solar System: Comets
		The solid part of the comet is called the nucleus, while the envelope of dust and gas around it is known as the coma.
		Comets and their tails can usually be seen from Earth and can be quite bright if conditions are right.
		A comet impact may also have been responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs, and many astronomers now believe that ancient comet impacts may have brought most of the water to our planet.
	www.seasky.org /solarsystem/sky3l.html (652 words)

	Great Comets in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The comet's head was estimated to have a magnitude of between 0 and -1.
		The comet burned with an intense, yellow light that was later identified by spectroscopes as the emission lines of sodium.
		Comet Hyakutake C/1996 B2 Spotted on January 31 by Yuji Hyakatake, this comet was a 4th magnitude blur with tail by mid-March.
	www2.phys.canterbury.ac.nz /cas/comets.html (754 words)

	Comets
		Suggestion has been advanced that Donate's comet, which made its first appearance of record in June 1858 and attained its maximum brilliancy on October 9th, was a factor in the nativity of Theodore Roosevelt, born October 27, 1858.
		It is presumed that comets presage history-making events; but operating through individuals whose birth coincides with their appearance, their effects are so delayed as often to be overlooked.
		Donati's comet was one of the most beautiful of comets.
	www.newagevillage.com /astrology/comets.htm (636 words)

	GCSE Astronomy - Comets
		A bow shock between the solar wind and gases released by the comet was detected 400,000 km in front of the comet.
		Comet of 1997 and one of the most spectacular comets of the 20th Century, although it only came as close as 0.91 AU to the Sun.
		Comets are usually named after their discovers and in the case of simulaneous discoveries, a comet can have up to three names attached.
	members.tripod.com /~BDaugherty/gcseAstronomy/comets.html (2058 words)

	Giovanni Battista Donati - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giovanni Battista Donati (December 16, Pisa,Italy, 1826 – September 20, 1873,Florence, Italy) was an Italian astronomer.
		Donati graduated at the university in his native city Pisa and afterwards he joined the staff of the Observatory of Florence in 1852 and was appointed director in 1864.
		He also pioneered spectroscopy of comets to determine their physical composition, discovering that the spectrum changed when a comet approached the Sun and heating caused it to emit its own light rather than reflected sunlight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Donati (224 words)

	Comets
		British astronomer Edmund Halley showed the comet of 1682 to be identical with the two that had appeared in 1607 and 1531, and he successfully predicted the return of the comet named after him in 1759.
		Maybe of the observed gases and particles that are the coma and tails of comets, most of the gases are fragmentary radicals of the most common elements in space: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
		Actually, the 1965 comet and the even brighter comet of 1882 split from a parent comet, possibly the one of 1106 which probably split away from a truly giant comet thousands of years ago.
	www.sabah.edu.my /rc049.wcdd/comet.html (805 words)

	Comets, history, composition, light of curves
		Regiomontano measured in 1472 the angular diameter of comets, and the first measurements of distances made Tycho Brahe in 1577, reaching the conclusion that the comet observed by him had to be in favor of less to 230 terrestrial radios and moving, therefore, well outside the radius of attraction of the Earth.
		The orbits of most of comets are so ample that they can seem parabolas (curved open that they would separate to comets from the Solar System), but as they suppose the astronomers from the technical analyses, they are ellipses of great eccentricity, possibly with periods of up to 40,000 years or mayores.
		The comets are classified by their period, the time that take in completing an orbit around the Sun a comet of short period has an orbit nongreater than the one of Jupiter.
	www.mallorcaweb.net /masm/Comets.htm (1448 words)

	Ragnarok The Comet ch. 2
		Padre Secchi, of Rome, observed, in Donati's comet, of 1858, from the 15th to the 22d of October, that the nucleus threw out intermittingly from itself appendages having the form of brilliant, coma-shaped masses of incandescent substance twisted violently backward.
		The comet is obviously drawn by the influence of the sun's mass, and is subservient to that all-pervading law of sympathetic gravitation that is the sustaining bond of the material universe.
		If the comet were not a material and ponderable substance it would not gravitate round the sun, and it would not move with increasing velocity as it neared the mighty mass until it had gathered the energy for its own escape in the enhanced and quickened momentum.
	www.earth-history.com /Atlantis/Ragnarok/ragnarok-2-2.htm (3384 words)

	Lake County Astronomical Society NightTimes
		Giovanni Battista Donati was born on December 16, 1826 in Pisa, Italy.
		He observed that when a comet was still at a distance from the Sun, its spectrum was identical to that of the Sun.
		Donati deduced that when the comet was still far from the Sun, the light that it emanated was simply reflected sunlight.
	www.bpccs.com /lcas/Articles/donati.htm (525 words)

	Some notable comets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Comets have always excited the interest of man. With their sudden appearance in the night sky and with their long fiery tails, they have been seen as omens of both good and bad fortune.
		It was the orbit of Halley's Comet that prompted Isaac Newton to define his law of inverse square law gravitation, one of the most fundamental laws of physics.
		This periodic comet was seen to split into two during the 19th century and eventually vanished in the 1850s.
	www.stvincent.ac.uk /Resources/Astro/CometWatch/comhist.html (497 words)

	Comet list Compiled by Christie POnder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This was a naked-eye comet for the Southern Hemisphere.
		Comet Hale-Bopp was bright at -1 magnitude and even gave people in light polluted areas a lovely view, although not as grand as from dark skies.
		The orbital properties of this comet are the same as the comet of 1661 and possibly of 1273 and 877.Forecasts originally put the comet at about a magnitude 4 or 5 at the brightest.
	www.weatherfriend.com /astronomy/comet/cometlist.html (2793 words)

	Donati's Comet
		The astronomer was 32 at the time and the Donati Comet is one of six he discovered.
		By the time of Donati's discovery in 1858, the appearance of comets, while still a wonder to behold, was no longer taken as a sign from God.
		Donati estimated that his comet has an orbital period of more than 2000 years, so perhaps we humans, if we do not annihilate ourselves in the meantime, will cast off a few more superstitions by the time Donati's Comet returns!
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0602almanac.htm (360 words)

	COMETS
		Comets are made of dust, ice, and gas.
		A comet is formed by gravity between the Sun and the Oort cloud that causes dust and ice to come together.
		The coma is a bright ball of gas and dust that surrounds the nucleus.
	www.ecusd7.org /columbus/columbusSTAFF/rcanada/comets.htm (758 words)

	Comet - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Comets and asteroids are rocky and icy bodies that are smaller than planets.
		The distinction between comets, asteroids, and other small bodies in the...
		Donati’s Comet, comet discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati at Florence, on June 2, 1858.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Comet.html (139 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp ... see you in 2380 years!
		Judging from appearance, comet Hale-Bopp seems to be the twin brother of the great comet of 1858 (Donati's comet).
		LEFT :This is a picture of the "wijkertoren" in the Dutch town Beverwijk with the comet.
		The Dutch astronomer Oort dicovered that the solar system is surrounded by an enormous cloud of comets at a distance of 4500 billion kilometers from the sun.
	www.ras.ucalgary.ca /~stil/comet_images.html (1014 words)

	Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) images
		The comet wasn't anywhere near as close to the horizon as this picture suggests; the picture was shot from a roadcut in order to block light from a streetlight which would have otherwise spoiled the image due to blooming and internal reflection in the lens.
		With the 150 mm telescope, the shells are unambiguous and resemble drawings of Comet Donati (1858 VI), which I always assumed were "enhanced" in the charcoal sketches made by G.P. Bond in October of 1858.
		An ephemeris for the prominent apparition of the comet, as given in IAU Circular 6547 of 27th January 1997.
	www.fourmilab.ch /images/c1995o1 (1678 words)

	Tour the Solar System and Beyond - Comets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When the comet appeared as predicted, Halley's theory was proved correct and the comet was named in his honor.
		Most comets arrive from a distant region called the Oort cloud about 100,000 astronomical units from the Sun (that is, 100,000 times the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun).
		The bluish tail is the comet's ion tail, while the white one is the dust tail.
	spacekids.hq.nasa.gov /osskids/animate/comet.html (992 words)

	The Comet is Coming!
		We know now that there are many comets and that they vary in the time they make their periodic reappearance from 3 1/2 to 3,000 years.
		Donati’s Comet in 1858 was visible to the naked eye for 112 days.
		This was one of the most beautiful comets with a tail of 50 million miles long, curved and very wide at the end.
	www.cutglass.org /articles/art1443.htm (948 words)

	COMETS - Cordell-Lorenz Observatory
		COMET I. Introduction Print section Comet (Latin stella cometa, "hairy star"), relatively small, rocky, icy celestial body revolving around the Sun.
		Composition Print section A comet is generally considered to consist of a small, sharp nucleus embedded in a nebulous disk called the coma.
		Comet Groups Print section When several comets with different periods travel in nearly the same orbit, they are said to be members of a comet group.
	www.sewanee.edu /Physics/OBSERVATORY/astronomy/WWW/comets.html (1665 words)

	Donati's Comet - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Donati's Comet, comet discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati, working in Florence, on June 2, 1858.
		Donati, Giovanni Battista (1826-1873), Italian astronomer, born in Pisa.
		Comet (Latin, stella cometa, “hairy star”), celestial body of nebulous appearance, revolving round the Sun.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Donati's_Comet.html (94 words)

	Donati's Comet and H. S. Chamberlain
		The appearance of the comet of Donati in 1858 made a lasting impression on Houston S. Chamberlain, then 3 years old, and he became interested in astronomy for the rest of his life.
		Never again there appeared such an enchanting light-phenomenon out of the darkness of the infinite universe that can be compared with the comet of 1858; the senses of he who witnessed it with a receptive soul will be opened forever for the unexpected miracles that contradict everyday life.
		„Three years later another strange comet was in the sky; but it appeared at the time of the longest days and shortest nights, so that it didn't leave an impression in my memory the way the first one did, despite its tremendous tail.
	www.hschamberlain.net /donati.html (327 words)

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