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Topic: Comet Elst Pizarro

	Comet Totally Explained
		A comet is a small body in the solar system that orbits the Sun and (at least occasionally) exhibits a coma (or atmosphere) and/or a tail — both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus, which itself is a minor body composed of rock, dust, and ice.
		Most comets are believed to originate in a cloud (the Oort cloud) at large distances from the Sun consisting of debris left over from the condensation of the solar nebula; the outer edges of such nebulae are cool enough that water exists in a solid (rather than gaseous) state.
		Comets are now designated by the year of their discovery followed by a letter indicating the half-month of the discovery and a number indicating the order of discovery (a system similar to that already used for asteroids), so that the fourth comet discovered in the second half of February 2006 would be designated 2006 D4.
	comet.totallyexplained.com (4352 words)

	Are We Drinking Comet Water? - Space - RedOrbit
		The discovery of main-belt comets means that this ice is not gone and is still accessible (right on the surfaces of at least some objects in the main belt, and at times, even venting into space).
		Comets, however, are thought to originate in the cold outer solar system and consequently contain much more ice than the asteroids, most of which are thought to have formed much closer to the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
		With the discovery of the main-belt comets, we now know this is not the case, and that, in general, the conventional definitions of comets and asteroids are in need of refinement.
	www.redorbit.com /news/space/443115/are_we_drinking_comet_water/index.html (797 words)

	133P/Elst-Pizarro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Comet Elst-Pizarro is a periodic comet (formally designated 133P/Elst-Pizarro).
		The orbit remains entirely within the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, with eccentricity 0.165, typical of a minor planet in the asteroid belt.
		However, the images taken by Eric W. Elst and Guido Pizarro in 1996, when it was near perihelion, clearly show a cometary tail.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comet_Elst-Pizarro (163 words)

	133P/Elst-Pizarro -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Comet Elst-Pizarro is a periodic ((astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit) comet (formally designated 133P/Elst-Pizarro).
		It is unremarkable, but for the fact that it is also designated an (Any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)) asteroid, 7968 Elst-Pizarro.
		However, the images taken by (additional info and facts about Eric W. Elst) Eric W. Elst and Guido Pizarro in 1996, when it was near (Periapsis in solar orbit; the point in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is nearest to the sun) perihelion, clearly show a cometary tail.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/1/13/133pelst-pizarro4.htm (179 words)

	C&MS: 133P/Elst-Pizarro
		On 1996 August 7 Eric W. Elst announced his discovery of a comet on a plate exposed by Guido Pizarro with the European Southern Observatory 1.0-meter telescope on 1996 July 14.
		McNaught (Anglo-Australian Observatory) subsequently found a trailed image of the comet on a 75-minute exposure obtained with the U.K. Schmidt on 1985 Sept. 15 by M. Hawkins.
		The image of comet Elst-Pizarro was taken on 1996 August 20.893 UT with 0.57-m f/5.2 reflector + CCD camera SBIG ST-8 of Klet' Observatory and is 120 seconds exposure.
	cometography.com /pcomets/133p.html (386 words)

	Comet Name Guide
		The time of comet discovery is taken to be the time of the first detection visually or the time that the image was taken upon which the discovery was made.
		Comets that are discovered from data or images made public through printed publication or electronic posting (e.g., World Wide Web) are not eligible for individual names of people and generally will not be named unless there is an established program name for the origin of the images.
		Comet names are generally announced on IAU Circulars by the CBAT at the time of publication of a first set of orbital elements.
	www.ss.astro.umd.edu /IAU/csbn/cnames.shtml (1837 words)

	phot-36-96.html
		On August 7, 1996, Eric W. Elst (Royal Observatory, Uccle, Belgium) reported his discovery of a cometary image on mid-July exposures by Guido Pizarro with the 1.0-m ESO Schmidt telescope at the La Silla Observatory.
		At this moment, it is not known, whether it was caused by an outburst from the surface of the object (dust being pushed into space by the gas pressure of evaporating ice), or perhaps a collision with another orbiting object.
		At the time of the observation, the comet was 1.68 AU from Earth and 2.68 AU from the Sun.
	www.eso.org /outreach/press-rel/pr-1996/phot-36-96.html (480 words)

	Citapla
		This minor planet, named on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the University of Sofia, of wich he is considered the patron, is testament to Ohridski’s influence on Bulgarian science and culture.
		Named in honor of Guido and Oscar Pizarro, who operate the 1-m Schmidt telescope and who exposed the plates on which this minor planet was discovered.
		Originally classified as a comet because of the persistent appearance of a tail, this newly-numbered Themis-family minor planet is being given the same name it has had as a comet.
	www.angelfire.com /id/ericelst/Citapla.html (12889 words)

	September '03 ACC News
		The brightness of the comet was measured as visual magnitude V = 28.2.
		Comet discoverer (144P/Kushida) and meteor radio observer Yoshio Kushida was in the news for predicting a Richter Scale 7+ earthquake for Tokyo during 16-17 Sept. See an Associated Press report run Sept.
		This didn't comet to pass, but Tokyo had an earthquake at 1pm local on the 20th said to be 4.7 on the Richter Scale (see a CNN report).
	www.hohmanntransfer.com /news/0309.htm (2163 words)

	Spacewatch Comet Pictures
		This comet was discovered by Joe Montani at Spacewatch on 1998 June 30 This is a series of images showing the motion of the comet over a period of 16 minutes.
		This is the 3rd image of a new 17th magnitude comet discovered on the night of 1996 January 14 by Robert and Vicky Jedicke with the Spacewatch Telescope.
		The comet is the diffuse object of total magnitude 19.0 on the lower right above a star and a faint galaxy, with a faint tail extending to the upper left (towards the two brighter galaxies).
	spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu /comet.html (1263 words)

	Jim Scotti's Comet page
		This image was obtained as the moon set in the west on the night that comet Hyakutake was closest to the north pole.
		Unfortunately, the comet was not quite this spectacular as it sort of "fizzled" as it moved inside of Earth's orbit.
		This painting is of a bright comet in the twilight sky behind a lighthouse on the ocean shore.
	pirlwww.lpl.arizona.edu /~jscotti/comets.html (414 words)

	Clandestine comets found in main asteroid belt - space - 23 March 2006 - New Scientist Space
		The orbits of the three known objects in a newly defined population of comets that lies within the asteroid belt are shown in red.
		Scientists once believed the icy comets from the outer regions of the solar system were the most likely source of the water that transformed the early Earth from a dry, barren world.
		And he says the main-belt comets hold promise for future study as components of the protoplanetary disc that surrounded the Sun — the disc from which the planets formed.
	space.newscientist.com /article/dn8887--clandestine-comets-found-in-main-asteroid-belt.html (774 words)

	Astronomy - New comet class in Earth's backyard - Francis Reddy
		Comets passing near the giant planets can be captured into much smaller orbits that keep them within the planetary system.
		Hsieh and Jewitt think main-belt comets have survived because the ice is buried.
		The comets activate only when an impact uncovers an icy patch, which then forms dust jets as it evaporates in sunlight.
	www.astronomy.com /asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=4100 (1016 words)

	New Scientist Archive - This Week - Absolutely asteroidal
		THE distinction between comets and asteroids is growing fuzzier by the week.
		Now they have discovered a comet with an orbit that is "absolutely asteroidal", says Brian Marsden of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		Comet Elst-Pizarro does not have a hazy coma around its nucleus.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg15120451.900.html (229 words)

	Recent IAUCs
		COMETS C/2007 A4-A7, C/2007 B4-B6, C/2007 C3-C13 (SOHO)
		COMETS C/2006 W5, C/2006 W6, C/2006 W7, C/2006 X2 (SOHO)
		COMETS C/2006 L6-L8, C/2006 M5-M9, C/2006 N1-N3 (SOHO)
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /iau/RecentIAUCs.html (328 words)

	ICQ: Observation Format for Data Contributed via E-mail
		In both of these cases (long-period comets and one-apparition short-period comets), the year-and-halfmonth designation goes in columns 4-9 (columns 4-7 contain the year; column 8 contains the capitalized halfmonth letter; and column 9 contains the halfmonth numeral).
		Columns 1-3 are used for "numbered" short-period comets (those seen at two or more returns to perihelion); this number is to be given "flush right" (i.e., " 1" for 1P/Halley, " 47" for 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson, and "116" for 116P/Wild 4).
		DC (columns 56-57) is the degree of condensation of the comet as estimated by the observer (on a scale of 0 to 9, where 0 is completely diffuse and 9 is completely stellar in appearance).
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /icq/ICQFormat.html (1748 words)

	The Moonlit Leonids 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sungrazing orbits are commonplace for comets, but rare among asteroids.
		"Phaethon does come as close to the Sun as some comets do, but that doesn't mean it's a dormant comet." In fact, he explained, Phaethon's orbit is quite different from that of a typical comet because Phaethon doesn't travel very far from the Sun.
		Comets Hale-Bopp and Hyutake are good examples of such long-period comets, which take at least 100 years to circle the Sun and may never return at all.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast08dec_1.html (1431 words)

	Prime Focus
		Comet NEAT and Comet Brewington remain in the evening sky, both are slowly fading in brightness.
		The comet was very diffuse, magnitude 11, and near the constellation Orion in the morning southern sky.
		A new comet was discovered on Sept. 7 by Carl Hergenrother on plates exposed by Timothy Spahr of the University of Arizona.
	www.trivalleystargazers.org /newsletter/1996/oct96pf.html (1485 words)

	Geminid Observing Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Comets are big chunks of ice mixed with some amount of dust and rock," explains Cooke.
		Likewise, he asks, "after a comet has gone around the Sun so many times that its ices are exhausted, so that it no longer has a tail or a coma, is it still a comet?
		Phaethon may well be a "Twilight Zone" object--intermediate between asteroids and comets.
	www.spaceweather.com /meteors/geminids/geminids.html (453 words)

	The Baffling Geminid Meteors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Most meteor showers are caused by comets, but the Geminids, which peak on December 13th, seem to come from a curious near-Earth asteroid.
		It appears to be a curious near-Earth asteroid known as 3200 Phaethon.
		We calculated an orbit and it seemed to be a perfectly ordinary minor planet in the asteroid belt.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast08dec_1.htm (1222 words)

	My Astronomy Page
		During february 1996 we have used the Uccle-Schmidt (85/120), which has been armed with a Hi Sis 22 CCD-camera, to observe the bright comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2).
		During March and April 1997, the extremely bright comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) has been observed at the Observatory of Haute Provence.
		Even though the orbit (Period=5.6 years; inclination = 1.4 deg; excentricity =0.17) is entirely characteristic of that of a main-belt minor planet with the implied long-term orbital stability, the continued presence of a tail seemingly confirms the object as a 'comet'.
	www.angelfire.com /id/ericelst/astronomy.html (376 words)

	[No title]
		Because they formed so close to the Sun, closer than other comets such as the ones in the Jupiter-family and the Hubble-family, their ice is likely different in (isotopic) composition.
		The problem is that Jupiter-family comets and Hubble-family comets have ice which is isotopically different from our ocean water.
		The orbits of comets Halley and Tempel 1 are shown in blue and those of main-belt asteroids in yellow.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~pedro/133p.html (427 words)

	The world's top 2060 chiron websites
		Although it was initially classified as an asteroid, later dispute arose as to whether it was an asteroid or actually a comet.
		In 1988 it was found that Chiron was undergoing an outburst in brightness (by about one magnitude), which is behavior typical of comets but not asteroids.
		At the time of its discovery, Chiron was close to aphelion, whereas the observation showing a coma were done closer to perihelion, perhaps explaining why no cometary behavior had been seen earlier.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/2060_chiron (303 words)

	Astronomy Picture of the Day 10-01-03
		But the line between asteroids and comets has grown ever blurrier over the years as astronomers have found new classes of objects that straddle the boundary.
		The problem lies with the orbit of the supposed comet, which is entirely within the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
		Explaining how a comet could originate in the outer solar system and end up circling among the asteroids has posed a daunting, and yet unsolved, problem of orbital dynamics.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-chat/992709/posts (1063 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		C/1882 R1-B 1882 II 1882b Great September comet 1882 09 17.7241 30 Sep. C/1882 R1-C 1882 II 1882b Great September comet 1882 09 17.7241 beginning of Oct. C/1882 R1-D 1882 II 1882b Great September comet 1882 09 17.7241 beginning of Oct. C/1882 R2 1882 III 1882c Barnard 1882 11 13.4754 14 Sep, Nashville TN.
		C/1910 A1 1910 I 1910a Great January comet 1910 01 17.5881 12 Jan, by Transvaal diamond miners, and Orange Rep. railway workers, naked eye 1P/1909 R1 1910 II 1909c P/Halley 1 1910 04 20.1785 11 Sep, Wolf (Heidelberg) C/1910 P1 1910 IV 1910b Metcalf 1910 09 16.7800 8 Aug, Taunton MA.
		C/1948 V1 1948 XI 1948l Eclipse comet 1948 10 27.4271 1 Nov, in Nairobi during solar eclipse.
	pdssbn.astro.umd.edu /sbn/comet_data/comet.catalog (9499 words)

	Comet Catalog in order of Number of Periodic Comets
		Comet Catalog in order of Number of Periodic Comets
		In order of: () Day of Perihelion () Day of Perihelion (on earth) () Designation () Designation (on earth) () Number of Periodic Comets* [What's New]
		Comet not observed at last return or diminished comet
	www.aerith.net /comet/catalog/index-periodic.html (61 words)

	Weird Geminids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Asteroids that spew debris into space like a comet are rare indeed, so astronomers were more baffled than ever.
		"And we don't know of any robust chemical or spectral signature to absolutely identify a comet's nucleus." Indeed, she says, "even if we were to fly to Phaethon we might not be able to tell whether it is an extinct comet" without somehow looking beneath its crust.
		A goal of the mission is to learn what the crusts of comets are made of and what lies beneath them.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast07dec_1.htm (1254 words)

	New short period comet found P/2004 TU12 Siding Spring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SandT, so far only two other asteroids turned to be numbered comets, 107P/Wilson-Harrington and 133P/Elst-Pizarro.
		Seiichi Yoshida noticed that the directions of dust and ion tails as seen from the Earth on 2004 Nov the 12th were respectively 30 and 69 degrees, so he made clear that the tail should be an ion tail.
		The strange case of 133P/Elst-Pizarro: A comet among the asteroids, The Astronomical Journal, 127:2997 – 3017, 2004 May, Henry H. Hsieh, David C. Jewit t, and Yanga R. Fernández
	www.astrosurf.org /juan_lacruz/Docs/162P.htm (370 words)

	[47.03] 133P/Elst-Pizarro: A Comet Amongst the Asteroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The 1996 trail has been previously explained as debris released by a chance impact, but our recent trail detection casts doubt upon this interpretation.
		Instead, our data suggest that Elst-Pizarro is a barely active comet that has somehow evolved into an asteroid-like orbit.
		A paper describing this work has been submitted for publication in The Astronomical Journal.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v35n4/dps2003/82.htm (232 words)

	[34.05] Surface properties of comet-asteroid 133P/Elst-Pizarro: new constraints from visible observations in 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		133P/Elst-Pizarro is an intriguing object among the small bodies of our Solar System: discovered in 1996 with a typical cometary dust tail, and therefore classified as a periodic comet, its orbit lies in the outer asteroid main belt, within the Themis dynamical family.
		The one-time event impact hypothesis (Toth, 2000) proposed to explain the 1996 apparition of a comet-like tail has since been ruled out by the discovery of recurrent activity in 2002 (Hsieh et al., 2004).
		-- Hsieh, H.H.; Jewitt, D.C; Fernandez, Y.~R. (2004): The Strange Case of 133P/Elst-Pizarro: A Comet among the Asteroids, AJ 127, p.2997
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v36n4/dps2004/470.htm (441 words)

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