Comet Hale Bopp - Factbites

Comet Hale Bopp - Factbites
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	Comet Hale-Bopp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hale had spent many hundreds of hours searching for comets without finding one, and was tracking known comets from his driveway in New Mexico when he chanced upon Hale-Bopp, shining at 11th magnitude near a globular cluster, M70, in the constellation of Sagittarius just after midnight.
		Comet Hale-Bopp (formally designated C/1995 O1) was probably the most widely observed comet of the 20th century, and one of the brightest seen for many decades.
		Although comet brightnesses are very difficult to predict with any degree of accuracy, Hale-Bopp met or exceeded most predictions for its brightness when it passed perihelion on April 1, 1997.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comet_Hale-Bopp (2446 words)

	Hale-Bopp Fails Emission Tests but Reveals Comet Origin
		When compared to the quantity of water in the comet, the amount of CO indicates that comet Hale-Bopp was formed in the region between Jupiter and Neptune, according to recent observations.
		As a comet approaches the Sun, solar heat and radiation liberate gas and dust from the comet's frigid surface, forming a cloud of material (the coma) that is later pulled into the familiar comet tail by pressure from solar wind and radiation.
		Comets, nicknamed "dirty snowballs," are lumps of ice and dust a few miles to a few tens of miles in diameter.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/halebppr.htm (931 words)

	PSR Discoveries: Hot Idea: Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), was discovered independently on July 23, 1995 by Alan Hale (New Mexico) and Thomas Bopp (Arizona), and is the farthest comet discovered by amateurs.
		The unexpected discovery of comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) provided excellent naked-eye observing opportunities during the spring of 1996, and another, comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), may be even more spectacular this March and April.
		Comets have been the most feared celestial objects in history because of their sudden and sometimes bright appearance.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Feb97/Hale-Bopp.html (573 words)

	Sky View - Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp passed closest to the Earth on March 22 and closest to the Sun on March 31, so this was when the comet looked its brightest.
		Comet Hale-Bopp, like most comets, has an orbit that is very different from the planets.
		Bopp was observing at a "star party" with some other amateur astronomers when he found the comet.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/articlearchives/space/halebopp.htm (1040 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		The Inner Solar System on April 1, 1997, with Comet Hale-Bopp at perihelion.
		The orbit of Hale-Bopp and its position with respect to the planets of the inner solar system on Dec. 16, 1996, is shown in the following figure.
		On the other hand, comets that are predicted to be very bright when discovered often do not live up to their advanced billing (here is an associated funny story concerning the comet Kohoutek; a comet that never grew as bright as predicted in 1974).
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/comets/hale-bopp.html (451 words)

	Submillimeter: Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp is without doubt the brightest and most scientifically rewarding comet ever studied in the millimeter to submillimeter wavelength regime.
		Comet Hale-Bopp is the most promising comet of all, in so far as submillimeter observations are concerned.
		CO has continued to be a prime molecule for monitoring the activity in Hale-Bopp on its long fall towards perihelion.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~jewitt/submm_hb.html (213 words)

	APOD Index - Solar System: Comets: Hale Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp's blue ion tail was created when fast moving particles from the solar wind strike ions expelled from the comet's nucleus.
		Observations have shown that Comet Hale-Bopp's nucleus spins about once every 12 hours.
		The white dust tail was composed of larger particles of dust and ice expelled by the nucleus that orbit behind the comet.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/hale_bopp.html (388 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp Info @ The Franklin Institute
		Comet Hale-Bopp was discovered by Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp, independently, in New Mexico and Arizona respectively, on July 22, 1995, using amateur-sized telescopes.
		Comet Hale-Bopp's closest approach to the Sun was about 85 million miles on April 1.
		Comet Hale-Bopp's brightness is -0.8 to -0.4 magnitude.
	www.fi.edu /tfi/info/current/halebopp.html (273 words)

	IfA -- Comet Hale-Bopp
		A typical comet nucleus has a diameter of 1 to 10 km, and is extremely dark, so that task is far from easy and requires big telescopes and very long exposures; in the case of Comet Hale-Bopp, we hope a to have an easier task, as we know that the nucleus is very bright.
		Comet Observation Home Page, at JPL, has many pictures and plenty of information on Hale-Bopp and other comets.
		Comet Halley at the distance of Uranus, which is also the last image of that comet.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /images/hale-bopp (412 words)

	Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp was discovered on July 23, 1995 by Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp at a distance from the sun of about 7 AU with an apparent magnitude of 10.5, which is extremely bright for a comet at such a distance.
		Comet 1995 O1 Hale-Bopp - observed on August 31, 1995 by Mats Dahlgren (Uppsala Astronomical Observatory) and Felix Lahulla (Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid) using the 90cm Dutch telescope at ESO (La Silla, Chile).
		Comet 1995 O1 Hale-Bopp - observed on April 4, 1997 by Tarmo Oja at the Kvistaberg observatory, Sweden.
	www.astro.uu.se /planet/HaleBopp_eng.html (415 words)

	Hale-Bopp from NF!
		The ion tail is due to the fluorescence of light ions of H2O, OH, CO, CN ("cyanogen", named for the blue-green colour of it's emission), C2 and others, sublimed from the icy surface of Hale-Bopp's ~35km nucleus in the glare and warmth of the Sun's light.
		The comet was at closest approach to earth on March 22 (when it was "below" Cassiopeia in the sky) and to the Sun (perihelion) on April 1 (when it was "below" Perseus).
		After a long period of bad weather, during which the author chose a site for his next comet trip that would yield a line of sight devoid of any underlying settlements and their accompanying skyglow, the evening of Monday April 28 was perfectly calm and dark.
	www.physics.mun.ca /~csteven/halebopp.html (958 words)

	More on comets: Comets Hale-Bopp, Hyakutake, and the comet collision with Jupiter -- an Astrology, Bible Prophecy, and New Age analysis
		Comet Hale-Bopp was a spectacular comet that was seen in the Northern Hemisphere during March and April 1997.
		Comet Hale-Bopp passed into the Southern Hemisphere in June 1997, so I would expect that this comet, although becoming dimmer, may increase the positive affect of the Southern Cross on the Southern Hemisphere as it heads toward the South Pole.
		If Comet Hale-Bopp is a celestial messenger, then did anything of religious significance occur at the time it peaked in brightness?
	www.revelation13.net /comets.html (4795 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		This implied that Comet Hale-Bopp might be a much larger comet than the norm, and thus was reflecting enough of the Sun's light to be visible at the greater distance.
		The Comet Hale-Bopp, named after its amateur discovers, was found near the globular cluster M70 in Sagittarius [1].
		Comet Shoemaker-Levy and its fatal attraction to Jupiter, that there is a real potential for Earth having a similar encounter with a comet.
	www.halexandria.org /dward234.htm (607 words)

	Hail, Hale-Bopp, and Farewell
		Comets are notoriously unpredictable, as anyone remembering the flop of Comet Kohoutek back in 1974 can attest to, but apart from a brief lull in its rate of brightening late last summer, Hale-Bopp did nothing to let us down.
		Comet Hale-Bopp has shown a double-tailed structure not unusual among comets: a bright, yellow dust tail, and a fainter, blue gas tail.
		Bopp, an amateur astronomer, specializes in observing deep-sky objects (distant galaxies, star clusters, and nebulae); in fact, in over 25 years of observing, he had never before even seen a comet.
	home.earthlink.net /~tonyhoffman/hailhalebopp.htm (1660 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		With comets, size is everything, so as of this writing in February, 1996, Hale-Bopp is expected to be one of the brightest of the century, reaching nearly magnitude -2, brighter than the brightest star Sirius.
		Comet Hale-Bopp was discovered accidentally by Alan Hale in July of 1995.
		Most naked-eye comets are discovered only weeks before visibility, but with Hale-Bopp, it would be nearly 20 months before maximum brightness in April, 1997.
	home.att.net /~tandy.carter/halebopp.htm (153 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		The first observations of comet Hale-Bopp with IUE were performed in Sep. 1995, the continuum of the comet was well detected; no water evaporation (as manifested by OH emission) was found at an upper limit of 1E29 molecules/s.
		Comet Hale-Bopp was again observed in two sessions in May and in August 1996.
		IUE Observations of Comet HALE-BOPP, Aug. 25, 1996
	www.vilspa.esa.es /iue/halebopp.html (196 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		Findings narrow birthplace of Comet Hale-Bopp, scientists say.(The Dallas Morning News)
		Comets - Comets, according to the noted astronomer Fred L. Whipple (1906–2004), are enormous...
		By comparison, the comet or asteroid that struck Earth 65 million years ago, possibly causing the extinction of the dinosaurs, was probably six to nine miles across.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0193546.html (505 words)

	Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp (official designation: C/1995 O1) was discovered on July 23, 1995 by Alan Hale, the founder and Director of the Southwest Institute for Space Research, and independently by Thomas Bopp, an amateur astronomer from Glendale, Arizona.
		The comet was located 20.9 AU from the sun (almost 2 AU beyond the orbit of Uranus) and 21.2 AU from the earth; but despite this enormous distance, the comet still shows a distinct tail.
		The comet became visible to the naked eye by the middle of 1996, and steadily brightened as the rest of the year progressed.
	www.swisr.org /hale-bopp.html (743 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp could be the brightest comet seen in over 100 years.
		It was discovered on July 23, 1995 UT (Universal Time) by Alan Hale in New Mexico and Thomas Bopp in Arizona.
		By comparison, Halley's Comet, which was observed by U.S. and Japanese spacecraft, looked like an irregular potato some 8 x 8 x 16 km (5 x 5 x 10 miles).
	www.geocities.com /MotorCity/1760/halebopp.html (510 words)

	comet-hale-bopp-summary-apr07-97-rw.html
		It also points to a spectrum of comet Hale-Bopp from 6 to 45 microns which identifies crystalline forsterite (Mg-righ olivine) as a constituent of cometary dust.
		Comet Tempel-Tuttle has a period of 33.2 years and the earliest recorded observations which can be associated with it, were made in October 1366 by Chinese, Japanese and Korean astronomers.
		Comet Tempel-Tuttle will come within 0.356 AU (53.3 million km) of the Earth on January 17, 1998, just before it passes it perihelion on February 28 at a distance of 0.977 AU (146.1 million km) from the Sun.
	www.eso.org /comet-hale-bopp/comet-hale-bopp-summary-apr07-97-rw.html (2796 words)

	Astronomy & Space
		IUE Observations of comet Hale-Bopp The first observations of comet Hale-Bopp with IUE were performed in Sep. 1995, the continuum of the comet was well detected; no water evaporation (as manifested by OH emission) was found at an upper limit of...
		Comet Hale-Bopp: A Stargazer's Guide It's being billed as the biggest, brightest comet in the last century.
		Comet Hale-Bopp: Other Websites MPI/ESO 2.2-m + EFOSC II (May 14, 1996) Lists of websites List of links to Hale-Bopp and other comet websites prepared by Sterne und Weltraum (German-language astronomy journal).
	groups.msn.com /AstronomySpace/comethalebopp.msnw (582 words)

	C&MS: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
		The comet's magnitude faded to 4.3-4.4 by the end of August, 4.9-5.3 by the end of September, 5.9-6.4 by the end of October, 6.9 by the end of November, and 7.6 by the end of December.
		The comet continued its brightening early in 1997 as it became a nighttime object that could not be ignored for the next four months, first appearing in the morning sky and then in the evening.
		Sadly, the excitement of the comet was somewhat tempered on March 26, when 39 members of the Heaven's Gate religious cult committed suicide in California believing this would release their souls so that a spaceship they thought was hidden within the comet would take them to the afterlife.
	cometography.com /lcomets/1995o1.html (2022 words)

	Astronomy On Line, Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp is followed by students and amateurs across all the world as a part of the Astronomy On Line Programme: http://www.eso.org/astronomyonline/.
		The latest estimates of the brightness of Comet Hale-Bopp indicate a magnitude between 2 and 3.
		Comet Hale Bopp will reach a speed around 200 000 km pr hour, while being closest to the Sun (slightly below 1 AU, April 1997).
	www.algonet.se /~sirius/eaae/newsl4/hb.htm (628 words)

	HubbleSite - Hubble Sees Material Ejected from Comet Hale-Bopp - 10/10/1995
		These Hubble telescope pictures of comet Hale-Bopp show a remarkable "pinwheel" pattern and a blob of free-flying debris near its center.
		Although the "blob" is about 3.5 times fainter than the brightest portion at the comet's center, the lump appears brighter because it covers a larger area.
		The image at left shows the entire comet; the picture at right is a close-up of the nucleus.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1995/41 (160 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comets are thought to have a nucleus of about 3 miles (5 kilometers) on average.
		Using the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Ultraviolet Explorer, astronomers have found that their are distinctly different ices in the comet's nucleus, the nucleus is huge, and the nucleus is extremely active.
		The comet's nucleus seems to be erupting upon itself.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /cgi-bin/tour.cgi?link=/comets/Hale_Bopp.html&sn=0&cd=false&cdp=/windows3.html&art=ok&frp=/windows3.html&fr=f&tour=&sw=false&edu=high (289 words)

	CNN - Comet Hale-Bopp: A Stargazer's Guide
		Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered by two Americans in 1995, won't get any closer to Earth than 122 million miles.
		It's being billed as the biggest, brightest comet in the last century.
		But it's so big -- with a nucleus about 25 miles in diameter -- the comet's tail could stretch across a third of the sky when it reaches peak brilliance in late March and early April.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9702/hale.bopp.comet (152 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		Designated 1995 01, the comet was spotted on July23 by amateur astronomers Alan Hale of New Mexico and Thomas Bopp, in Arizona.
		Dr Steel said it was clear the comet would not strike the Earth, although when first spotted astronomers "had our hearts in our mouths since the initial orbit computations indicated (it) would pass uncomfortably close to the Earth".
		The cosmic giant appears to be 1000 times larger than comet Halley, huge enough to shine in daylight as it appntaches the Earth during the next 15 months.
	www.cs.mu.oz.au /~bhat/comet.html (475 words)

	Comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale Bopp) was typical of the group of comets with very long orbital periods (in this case of order 3,500 years) which originate in the so-called Oort Cloud, a vast spherical cloud of material some 30,000-100,000 Astronomical Units (AU - the Earth-Sun distance) from the Sun.
		Hale-Bopp was a bright comet - an observer in the Czech Republic claimed to have been able to observe the core of the comet in daylight using a telescope.
		Astronomers have had unprecendented opportunities to take spectra of Hale-Bopp in the optical, infra-red and radio wavelength ranges as the comet has evolved and have detected a wide range of moleculular compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
	www.stvincent.ac.uk /Resources/Astro/CometWatch/halebopp.html (913 words)

	Alan Hale and Comet Hale-Bopp
		Hale worked at The Space Center in Alamogordo, New Mexico, before founding the non-profit Southwest Institute for Space Research in 1993, two years before he observed the comet that bears his name.
		The Great Comet of 1680, for example, caused fright among the faithful: a handbill of the time "admonished Christendom to penance." Halley's comet in 1910 sparked public panic — and the hawking of "comet pills" to alleviate the supposed effects of its gassy tail.
		Hale points out that "my personal practice is not to criticize others' beliefs..." but he enjoys "the occasional jab at creationism and fundamentalism."
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0723almanac.htm (590 words)

	M70 and comet Hale-Bopp
		Comet Hale-Bopp near globular cluster M70, photographed by Wayne Johnson of the Orange County Astronomers with the 22-inch f/8 Kuhn Telescope on July 24, 1995 at 06:43 UT, 1 day after the comet's discovery.
		This is probably the first photo of this comet which later became a really Great Comet.
	www.seds.org /messier/more/m070_hb.html (66 words)

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In the News (Sun 20 Dec 09)