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Topic: Comitative case


  
  Encyclopedia: Nominative case
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun.
This declension (case) indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of becoming X or change to X. In the Finnish language, this is the counterpart of the Essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state.
In nominative-absolutive languages, the nominative case marks the subject of a transitive verb or a voluntary subject of an intransitive verb, but not an involuntary subject of an intransitive verb (for which the absolutive case is used).
www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nominative-case   (1667 words)

  
 Vocative case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The vocative case is the case used for a noun identifying the person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed and/or occasionally the determiners of that noun.
In Latin, e.g., the nominative case is lupus and the vocative case is lupe!
In English the vocative case is not marked, but English syntax performs a similar function; witness: "John, could you come here?" or "I don't think so, John", where "John" is neither subject nor object of the verb, but rather indicates the person to whom the statement is being addressed.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vocative_case   (1060 words)

  
 Comitative case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Comitative case is used where English would use "in company with" or "together with".
In the Estonian language comitative is also used to denote when something is used as an implement - kirvega (with axe / using an axe) or as a means of transport laevaga (by boat).
In the Finnish language, the comitative is rare and not used in spoken Finnish.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comitative_case   (326 words)

  
 Accusative case
The accusative case of a noun is, generally, the case used to mark the direct object of a verb.
The same case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions.
This is the form in nominative case, used for the subject of a sentence.
www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/a/ac/accusative_case.html   (360 words)

  
 CONK! Encyclopedia: Dative_case   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given.
The Old English language, current until approximately the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when the accusative and dative pronouns merged into a single objective pronoun used in both roles.
The pronoun whom is also a remnant of the dative case in English, descending from the Old English dative pronoun "hwām" (as opposed to the nominative "who", which descends from Old English "hwā") — though "whom" also absorbed the functions of the Old English accusative pronoun "hwone".
www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Dative_case   (635 words)

  
 Genitive case
The genitive case is an adjectival form of a noun that shows some sort of relationship between itself and what it describes.
It is a common misconception that English nouns have a genitive case, marked by the possessive -'s ending.
Linguists generally believe that English possessive is no longer a case at all, but has become a clitic, an independent particle which, however, is always written and pronounced as part of the preceding word.
publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/g/ge/genitive_case.html   (396 words)

  
 Instrumental case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action.
The instrumental case appears in Old English, Georgian, Sanskrit, and the Balto-Slavic languages.
An instrumental/comitative case is arguably present in Turkish and other Altaic languages.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instrumental_case   (188 words)

  
 Declension - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The patient of a (transitive) verb is in the accusative case.
The trigger may be identified as the agent, patient, etc. Other nouns may be inflected for case, but the inflections are overloaded; for example, in Tagalog, the subject and object of a verb are both expressed in the genitive case when they are not in the trigger case.
The Status of Morphological Case in the Icelandic Lexicon (http://www.hi.is/~eirikur/cases.pdf) by Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson.
www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Declension   (535 words)

  
 Comitative case -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The Comitative (A portable container for carrying several objects) case is used where English would use "in company with" or "together with".
It, and many other cases, are found in the (Click link for more info and facts about Finnish language) Finnish language, the (Click link for more info and facts about Hungarian language) Hungarian language, and the (Click link for more info and facts about Estonian language) Estonian language.
It is debatable if this is a grammatical case, because it does not obey (Click link for more info and facts about vowel harmony) vowel harmony; that is, there is no form -nkää.
www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/comitative_case.htm   (436 words)

  
 Oblique case   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
In linguistics, an oblique case is a noun case that is used generally when a noun is the predicate of a sentence or a preposition.
An oblique case can appear in any case relationship except the nominative case of a sentence subject or the vocative case of direct address.
It contrasts also with an ergative case, used in ergative languages for nouns that are direct actors; in ergative languages, the same case is used for a direct object, and for the subject of a sentence where the subject is being passively described, rather than performing an action.
www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/o/ob/oblique_case.html   (269 words)

  
 Dative case - Open Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The dative case is a grammatical case for nouns and/or pronouns.
The dative was common among early Indo-European languages and has survived to the present in the Slavic branch, the Baltic branch and the Germanic branch, among others.
As seen in the list above, Old English had a dative case; however, the case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when the accusative and dative pronouns merged into a single objective pronoun used in both roles.
open-encyclopedia.com /Dative   (334 words)

  
 Locative case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and case.
In the Finnish grammar, the locative is included in the essive case.
In the Hungarian language, nine such cases exist, yet the name locative case refers to a form (-t/-tt) used only in a few city/town names along with the Inessive case or Superessive case.
pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Locative_case   (342 words)

  
 Accusative case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb.
Most modern English grammarians feel that due to the lack of declension except in a few pronouns, where accusative and dative have been merged, that making case distinctions in English is no longer relevant, and frequently employ the term objective case instead (see Declension in English).
In English, which has mostly lost the case system, the definite article and noun — "the car" — remain in the same form regardless of the grammatical role played by the words.
www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Accusative_case   (413 words)

  
 Articles - Oblique case   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
In ergative-absolutive languages, the absolutive case is used for a direct object (the subject will then be in the ergative case); but the absolutive case is also used for the subject of an intransitive verb, where the subject is being passively described, rather than performing an action.
In analytic Indo-European languages, the oblique case is a relic of the original, more complex system of noun cases from the common Proto-Indo-European language.
Oblique cases appear in the English pronoun set; these pronouns are often called objective pronouns.
www.winacea.com /articles/Oblique_case   (323 words)

  
 Zhyler Noun Cases
The nominative case is the case the subject of the sentence is in, unless the verb specifies otherwise (and it does, every so often).
In this case, the noun in the genitive (which is the possessor) comes first, and the noun in the possessive (which is the possessed noun) comes second.
The state or condition, in Zhyler, is expressed with the nominative case, and the object (that is, the one who's left in that state) is expressed with the comitative.
dedalvs.free.fr /zhyler/ncases.html   (3523 words)

  
 Genitive case - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The term possessive case refers to a case that is similar, though usually more restricted in usage, to the genitive.
In some languages, nouns in the genitive case also agree in case with the nouns they modify (that is, the head noun is marked for two cases).
Many languages have a genitive case, including Lithuanian, Arabic, Latin, Irish, Georgian, Greek, German, Dutch, Russian, Finnish and Sanskrit.
www.arikah.net /encyclopedia?title=Genitive&redirect=no   (567 words)

  
 Read about Vocative case at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Vocative case and learn about Vocative case here!   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The vocative case is the case used for a
Historically, the vocative case was an element of the Indoeuropean system of cases, and existed in Latin,
nominative case and is formed according to a complex grammatical pattern.
encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Vocative_case   (702 words)

  
 7.3. Case   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
Both the locative and the ergative cases are marked with the suffix <-e> or <-ʔe>.
The vocative case is used in directly addressing entities possessed of a soul, such as animals, humans, gods and personified ideas or objects.
The comparative case consists of the locative/ergative suffix <-(ʔ)e> and the suffix and is used in comparisons.
www.valdyas.org /~boud/barushlani/ch07s03.html   (282 words)

  
 Articles - Finnish language noun cases   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The basic meaning of this case is a lack of telicity, that is, it is not indicated whether the intended result has been achieved.
The fifth of the local cases with the basic meaning "from off of" - a poor English equivalent, but necessary to distinguish it from "from out of" which would be elative.
The prolative is not considered to be a case in the official grammar.
www.shreka.com /articles/Finnish_language_noun_cases   (1381 words)

  
 Information on Genitive case   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The genitive case is a Grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of Possession (linguistics), between the Noun in the genitive case and another noun.
It is a common misconception that English language nouns have a genitive case, marked by the possessive -'s ending.
In Baltic-Finnic languages, the Accusative case -(e)n is homophonic to the genitive case.
www.information-resource.net /search/Genitive.html   (642 words)

  
 Estonian Inflection
The nominative case is used when the noun is the subject (or predicate) of the sentence.
The translative case is also used as a short form of the postposition 'jaoks' to show what something is for.
The comitative case is used to show something is with something else.
www.cusd.claremont.edu /~tkroll/inflection.html   (413 words)

  
 A Brief Explanation of Basque Morphology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The absolutive case is used for the subject of an intransitive verb or the direct object of a transitive verb.
The ergative case is used for the subject of a transitive verb.
The dative case is used for the indirect object of a verb.
www.sccs.swarthmore.edu /users/03/daniel/basque.html   (1028 words)

  
 List of grammatical cases   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
Causal case because, because of because of the house Quechua-language
Instrumental case/Instructive case marking the usage by means of the house Czech language Finnish language Lithuanian language Russian language Sanskrit language Serbian language (in Serbian, Instrumental case and Sociative case are one case, common name is Instrumental, Instrumental is used without preposition, Sociative is used with preposition with)
Objective case direct or indirect object of verb or object of preposition, a catch-all case for any situation except nominative or genitive I saw her, I gave her the book, with her.
read-and-go.hopto.org /Grammatical-cases/List-of-grammatical-cases.html   (946 words)

  
 Locative Cases
The locative cases could as well be analyzed as cliticized postpositions since they are not determined by the grammatical requirements of the predication, but depend purely on the pragmatic intent of the speaker.
The ablative case is used for oblique nouns that are the objects of motion away from a place or time.
The comitative case is used for oblique nouns that accompany another,b>NP I came with Galdor.
www.graywizard.net /Conlinguistics/amman_iar/ai_locative_cases.htm   (500 words)

  
 Genitive case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun.
In a more general sense, this genitive relationship may be thought of as one thing belonging to, being created from, or otherwise deriving from some other thing.
English does not have a proper genitive case, but a possessive ending, -'s (see below).
hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Genitive_case   (575 words)

  
 Declension - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
Active: The agent of a verb is always in the subject case, and the patient is always in the object case.
See Nominative case, Accusative case, Dative case, Ergative case, Absolutive case, Genitive case, Vocative case, Partitive case, Inessive case, Elative case, Illative case, Adessive case, Allative case, Ablative case, Essive case, Translative case, Instructive case, Abessive case, Comitative case, Prolative case, Locative case, Possessive case.
For an example of a language that uses a large number of cases, view the section on "Cases" in the Finnish language grammar article.
www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/no/Noun_case.html   (441 words)

  
 Tartto2000
The aim of my dissertation study is to disentangle the usage of local cases and postpositions, and the relations between them.
Usually, the postposition kans is used in comitative functions, e.g.
It seems that there is also a tendency to separate comitative and instrumental functions, so that the postpositional structure is used in comitative functions (e.g.
joyx.joensuu.fi /~okokko/Tartto2000.html   (747 words)

  
 Noun Cases Help   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
Nominative case nouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb
Vocative case (in some inflected languages) used when the referent of the noun is being addressed
Instrumental case noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action
sophistikatedkids.com /turkic/20Roots/ZakievGenesis/NounCasesHelp.htm   (467 words)

  
 ipedia.com: Vocative case Article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
In Latin the vocative case of a noun is the same as the nominative, except for masculine singular second declension nouns.
When Latin names are translated into English, the nominative case is usually used.
English simply uses the nominative case for vocative expressions but sets them off from the rest of the sentences with pauses (rendered in writing as commas).
www.ipedia.com /vocative_case.html   (355 words)

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