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Topic: Comitology

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European Commission

European Council

June 28

1999

	Comitology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Comitology is the study of comity: the informal and voluntary recognition by courts of one jurisdiction of the laws and judicial decisions of another.
		The procedures that determine the relationship between the Commission and the committees are based on a European Council decision from June 28, 1999.
		The Commission was therefore obliged to create register of Comitology documents which covers transmitted documents since 1st of January 2003 which have not been sent to the European Parliament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comitology (457 words)

	The Administrative State in a Separation of Powers Constitution: Lessons for European Community Rulemaking from the ...
		Comitology, however, was shrouded in secrecy, preventing one of the Community's legislative principals, the European Parliament, from keeping an eye on national and Community officials.
		Even though experts on comitology committees are supposed to represent their member states, national executives are hard put to control the work of their civil servants in Brussels.
		Because comitology committees rarely issue negative opinions, implementing measures are generally not sent to the Council for a different decision or veto.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/99/990505.html (1811 words)

	Juridicum - Stockholms Universitet
		In this thesis, focus is set on the fact that the Council is passing on an increasing part of the responsibility to adopt legislation to the Commission subject to the requirement that it has to collaborate with a vast number of committees consisting of representatives of the national administrations (comitology).
		It is hoped that this, in turn, makes it possible to provide an adequate answer to the question what comitology really is and what place it has in the legal order established by the EC Treaty.
		Even if some of the findings presented concern general aspects of the development of comitology, focus is set on the major actors and their positions.
	www.juridicum.su.se /jurweb/Forskning/spikblad.asp?avhandl_id=40 (380 words)

	The Administrative State in a Separation of Powers Constitution: Lessons for European Community Rulemaking from the ...
		Although previously committee rules of procedure were not published, under the Comitology Decision adopted in 1999, standard rules of committee procedure are to be developed and published in the Official Journal.
		Finally, until passage of the Comitology Decision of 1999, a fact-based challenge to an implementing rule in which the litigant questioned the Community's scientific evidence or policy analysis had just as little chance of succeeding as the equivalent challenge to a basic measure.
		With the greater access to comitology documents instituted in the Comitology Decision of 1999, however, the Court is in a position to take on a more active role.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/99/990507.html (2601 words)

	EU news: An Independent View from European Voice
		The Parliament is withholding funding from the so-called comitology committees - the groups of national experts who are brought to Brussels to draft implementing rules, which are often highly technical.
		The three institutions are now trying to find a way of bringing the comitology procedures into line with the greater powers of co-decision over legislation that the Parliament was given by the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty.
		Under the proposal the Parliament and Council would be given parity on implementing legislation delegated to the Commission, with both institutions given one month to object to legislation proposed by the Commission.
	www.europeanvoice.com /current/article.asp?id=24912 (542 words)

	Statewatch analysis of the Commission's proposals to revise comitology procedures
		Comitology is a vital part of the adoption and implementation of Community law.
		Most EC acts, many of great importance, are taken by the Commission under powers delegated by the Council, and in such cases there is no formal involvement of the general public, national parliaments or the European Parliament.
		Whatever approach is taken, the result will likely be that some of the existing comitology arrangements will be altered to different types of committee in accordance with the classifications of the proposed Article 2.
	www.statewatch.org /docbin/evidence/Comitol.htm (1838 words)

	Dictionary citation for comitology from Double-Tongued Word Wrester Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The lexical item "comitology" has not been substantiated as valid, not researched to determine how widespread it is, nor investigated to determine its history.
		In particular, individual Member States, the same as who are undermining EFSA and the role of independent scientific advice in GMO approvals, have called into question a process known as “comitology,” but only where this process applies to biotech crops.
		Comitology applies to many other areas of EU decision making that fall within safety and risk management, such as pharmaceuticals, food and chemicals.
	www.doubletongued.org /citations.php/citations/comitology_1 (154 words)

	Wired 9.04: Meet Your New Advisory Board
		Comitology - don't bother, it's not in any dictionary - is the science of resolving things by committee.
		Harmonization is what comitology is supposed to achieve: When the Commission sees a development that might fragment the single market, it swoops in to harmonize things.
		But harmonization is countered by the principle of subsidiarity, which holds that the EU can act only on issues that concern Europe as a whole; everything else is done at the national level.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/9.04/euro.html?pg=3 (1135 words)

	Federal Union \| comitology rules
		"Comitology", the study of the role of committees, is a word yet to enter common usage, and it has two different spellings in this book.
		The book paints a picture of the EU's institutions being unaware of the activities of some committees; of member states not necessarily knowing who their representatives are; and of private or sectoral interests discussing issues of national or European interest.
		One example perhaps is the so-called sleeping committee, where a committee established under one heading is kept alive as a cost centre for budgetary allocation, but may in fact be working on something completely different.
	www.federalunion.org.uk /europe/comitologyrules.shtml (1309 words)

	EIoP: Text 1999-002: Full text
		Hayes-Renshaw and Wallace (1997: 182) observe that comitology ‘is a rather normal tool of the policy maker and policy implementer, namely the convening of groups through which the Commission discusses … the progress of policy implementation’.
		In its report on the comitology system, the Institut für Europäische Politik observes that ‘Commission officials generally do not think that their committee significantly reduced the Commission’s freedom, and even less that it has been set up to assure the member states’; control’ (quoted from Majone, 1996: 73).
		(41) Wessels promulgates his own idea of ‘fusion’ to comitology, which is basically a technical spillover of administrative nature which does not show the most contentious aspects of neofunctionalism, namely the transfer of loyalties.
	eiop.or.at /eiop/texte/1999-002.htm (10065 words)

	Law - Oxford University Press - Comitology: Bergström
		This book examines the fact that the Council is now passing an increasing part of the responsibility for adopting legislation to the Commission, subject to the requirement that it has to collaborate with a vast number of committees that consist of representatives of the various national administrations.
		Comitology provides the Council and the national governments with a mechanism for controlling the Commission, and so comitology is often thought to manifest a conflict of interests.
		Against this background, Bergström explains how and why comitology has developed, explores the nature of comitology and examines its present and future place in the legal order of the European Union.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-928001-0?view=lawview (408 words)

	Book Reviews
		To illustrate this, they apply economic analysis to a range of issues (such as Community decision-making, comitology, the balance of power, federalism, judicial discretion, the principle of subsidiarity, competition among rules, enlargement, unanimity), analysis of which is organized round three themes: decision-making, federal structures, and institutional change.
		Taking a closer look at the different contributions in the book, it gives a rather sceptical impression of the in-built virtues of the economic approach to constitutional law, at least as developed by the authors of this volume.
		The terse elegance of the model is definitively not matched by the relevance of the conclusions, which reflect but a truism.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol9/No4/br9.html (614 words)

	EUROPA - register - home
		The register does not contain those comitology documents that are not sent to the European Parliament.
		If a document is not made public in the repository, users will find a direct link in the register to introduce a request for access to documents in accordance with the rules of the Regulation N° 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 (OJ L 145/43 of 31.5.2001).
		The documents contained in the register and repository are drawn up by the Commission services and do not engage the Commission as an institution (except the implementing measures which have been finally adopted by the Commission).
	europa.eu.int /comm/secretariat_general/regcomito/registre.cfm?CL=en (394 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Subject: comitology
		Comitology as a Feature of EU Policy Implementation and its Effects on the Democratic Arena.
		Demmke, Christoph (1998) The Secret Life of Comitology or the Role of Public Officials in EC Environmental Policy.
		Haibach, Georg (1997) Comitology after Amsterdam: A Comparative Analysis of the Delegation of Legislative Powers.
	aei.pitt.edu /view/subjects/D004006.html (310 words)

	Bouwen: Known but Unexplored – Non-Comitology Consultative Committees of Private Interests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, the category of committees that is probably most important for private interest lobbying because private interests can directly participate, has been overlooked in the literature on committees and comitology: the non-comitology consultative committees of private interests.
		The aim of this project is to systematically analyze this data set in order to study the composition of these committees and the role private interests play via these committee meetings in the EU decision-making process.
		First contacts have been established with Günther Schäfer of the European Institute of Public Administration in Maastricht to insert this project in a new substantive project on the role of Committees and Comitology in the European Union.
	www.mpp-rdg.mpg.de /bouwen3.html (255 words)

	Results Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Committees linking national administrations and the EU level play a crucial role at all stages of the EU policy process.
		The literature tends to portray this group system as a coherent mass, characterised by expert-oriented ‘deliberative supranationalism’, a term developed through studies of comitology (implementation) committees.
		Council and comitology groups both display behavioural patterns that are strongly intergovernmental in character, while Commission committees seem more multi-faceted in this respect.
	eprints.bo.cnr.it /cgi-bin/show.pl?code=186&arch=88 (214 words)

	Gallowglass: More on the Draft Constitution
		A lot of legislation in the European Union isn’t decided through formal channels of debate etc; it happens through a set of committees, in which the Commission proposes measures, that are then accepted or declined by the member states through a variety of “comitology” procedures of oversight and control.
		The upshot is that a lot of the day to day decisions are made by the Commission, reporting to the Council, in a rather shadowy and mysterious process of back room decision making.
		This would mean that Parliament and Council would be treated as effective co-equals in the comitology process; something that Parliament has been struggling to achieve for over forty years.
	www.henryfarrell.net /movabletype/archives/000118.html (1176 words)

	EU Law Blog: Comitology and Case C-122/04 Forest Focus
		This is a web log about European Union law for students, academics, practitioners and anyone else who may be interested in it
		Comitology is one of those terrible barbarisms spawned by the EC.
		In this case, the Court held that the European Parliament had given sufficient reasons for preferring a regulatory committee to a management one and that the powers delegated to the Commission were properly within the scope of those covered by the regulatory procedure.
	eulaw.typepad.com /eulawblog/2006/03/comitology_and_.html (717 words)

	ipedia.com: European Commission Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Commission is responsible for adopting technical implementing measures to implement legislation adopted by the Council and, in most cases, the Parliament.
		This legislation is subject to the approval of committees of the member states, through the procedure known as comitology.
		The Commission functions as competition regulator for the Union, vetting all mergers with Community-wide effects, and initiating proceedings against companies which violate competition laws.
	www.ipedia.com /european_commission.html (686 words)

	EUABC A dictionary on words related to the EU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A Swedish scientist has found approximately 1350 active working groups in the Commission.
		Comitology is normally used in a more narrow sense to define the various kinds of the 237 committees for advising and implementing EU law.
		But in a certain way, all the 1350 committees and working groups in the EU Commission advise on, and implement, EU law.
	www.euabc.com /index.phtml?word_id=180 (175 words)

	Control Mechanism Or Deliberative Democracy?: Two Images of Comitology -- Pollack 36 (12): 125 -- Comparative Political ...
		under the rubric of "comitology." The significance of these
		theoretical images of comitology being put forward in the literature.
		of institutional choice of comitology committees and demonstrating
	cps.sagepub.com /cgi/content/abstract/36/1-2/125 (210 words)

	The EFTA Secretariat: EEA Decision-shaping and Comitology
		Input can take the form of the participation of EEA EFTA experts in EC committees or the submission of EEA EFTA comments, and the adoption of resolutions in response to initiatives from the Commission.
		Community legislation to be incorporated into the EEA Agreement originates from different procedures on the EU side, e.g., the Council/European Parliament legislative procedure or the comitology procedures (see chapter on EEA Decision-making).
		The comitology committees assist the Commission in the exercise of its executive powers where the Council and the European Parliament have authorised the Commission to establish subsidiary legislation to bring into effect a broader piece of legislation that they have introduced (Comitology procedure - see chapter on EEA Decision-making).
	secretariat.efta.int /Web/InfoKit/Info_Kit/EEAdecisionshaping (948 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Comitology after Amsterdam: A Comparative Analysis of the Delegation of Legislative ...
		ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Comitology after Amsterdam: A Comparative Analysis of the Delegation of Legislative Powers
		Comitology after Amsterdam: A Comparative Analysis of the Delegation of Legislative Powers
		What justification is there for the comitology committee structure?
	aei.pitt.edu /archive/00000825 (195 words)

	EUROPA - Development - Acquis Communautaire - Comitology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		EUROPA - Development - Acquis Communautaire - Comitology
		EUROPA > European Commission > Development > Legislation > Comitology >
		Procedures for the Exercise of Implementing Powers conferred to the Commission
	europa.eu.int /comm/development/body/legislation/comitology_en.htm (38 words)

	Accountability and Interest Group Participation in Comitology: Lessons from American Rulemaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Accountability and Interest Group Participation in Comitology: Lessons from American Rulemaking
		Policymakers and academics have looked to American administratice law as a source of inspiration for how Community administration can become more democratic.
		Department of Economics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut using
	ideas.repec.org /p/erp/euirsc/99-3.html (244 words)

	Publicity
		On the one hand, he refers to a study by Joerges and Neyer (1997) that looked closely at European Union comitology committees.
		Their study indicates that public-spirited deliberation can be present in such committees whose existence is unknown to most people.
		“Transforming Strategic Interaction into Deliberative Problem-Solving: European Comitology in the Foodstuffs Sector.” Journal of European Public Policy, 4: 609-25
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/publicity (12885 words)

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