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Topic: Commagene

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Kommagene

Antiochus Theos

162 BC

List of Kings of Kommagene

Antiochus IV of Kommagene

Nemrud Dagi

Demetrius II of Syria

Antiochus IV of Syria

Gondophares

Cappadocia

History of Hellenistic Greece

Cilicia

Isauria

Ebla

Parthia

	Reference for Commagene - Search.com
		Historical evidence suggests that the population of the region was linguistically and ethnically Armenian until the end of the 1st century B.C. The province of Commagene, highlighted in the administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire in 120.
		Coinage of the Armenia Kingdoms of Sophene and Commagene.
		Commagene • Armenian Mesopotamia • Norshirakan • Lesser Armenia • Cilicia • Mardali • Mogkh
	www.search.com /reference/Commagene (468 words)

	Commagene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Commagene (Greek Kομμαγηνη Kommagênê) was a small kingdom, located in modern south-central Turkey, with its capital at Samosata (modern Samsat, near the Euphrates).
		Roman province of Commagene, 120 CE Commagene is famous for its sanctuary located on Mount Nemrud (Nemrud Dagi), an enormous complex on a mountain-top founded by Antiochus Theos featuring giant statues of the king (whose epithet means God), surrounded by gods.
		The location of Antiochus' tomb is one of the mysteries of archeology and recent research has revealed that on the peak of Nemrud Mountain close to the mausoleum there are some cavities that could hold the tomb of the king.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commagene (429 words)

	AllRefer.com - Commagene (Ancient History, Middle East) - Encyclopedia
		Its metropolis, Samosata, was founded by Samos, the king of Commagene, c.150
		B.C. The fertile agricultural district was made part of the Assyrian Empire and later of the Persian Empire.
		The ruling dynasty of independent Commagene was related to the Seleucids.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Commagen.html (284 words)

	Nemrut Dagi, Turkey
		History records that the kingdom of Commagene was situated on the border of the Seleucid Empire (which followed the empire of Alexander the Great in Anatolia) and the Parthian Empire.
		Commagene was thereafter ruled from Rome or by puppet kings until 72 AD when it was fully incorporated in the Roman Empire.
		Tyche, or the fertility goddess of the Commagene's
	www.sacredsites.com /middle_east/turkey/nemrutdagi.htm (687 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Commagene @ HighBeam Research
		COMMAGENE [Commagene], ancient district of N Syria, on the Euphrates River and S of the Taurus range, now in SE Asian Turkey.
		Its metropolis, Samosata, was founded by Samos, the king of Commagene, c.150 BC The fertile agricultural district was made part of the Assyrian Empire and later of the Persian Empire.
		Commagene was annexed by Tiberius (AD 17) but a new king, Antiochus IV, was instated by Caligula (AD 38), was soon deposed, and then reinstated (AD 41) by Claudius.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Commagen&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (246 words)

	Syria-Commagene
		The Kingdom of Commagene was independent from 162 BC until the death of Antiochos III in 17 AD.
		Commagene was then annexed by Tiberius until Caligula restored the kingdom for his friend, Antiochos IV in 38.
		Vespasian, in 72, reduced the kingdom permanently to provincial status after Antiochos IV was deposed for supposedly conspiring with the Parthians against Rome.
	www.beastcoins.com /RomanProvincial/Syria-Commagene/Syria-Commagene.htm (219 words)

	Commagene
		The same region was called Kumuhu in Assurian documents which was mentioned as the land belonging to the late Hittite kingdom." Courtesy of Focus Multimedia Magazine Online.
		Concerning The Calamity That Befell Antiochus, King Of Commagene.
		As Also Concerning The Alans And What Great Mischiefs They Did To The Medes And Armenians
	intranet.dalton.org /groups/rome/Commagene.html (437 words)

	Commagene
		Commagene is an ancient district of Northern Syria, on the Euphrates River and South of the Taurus range, now in South-East Asian Turkey.
		Commagene was annexed by Tiberius (A.D. 17) but a new king, Antiochus IV, was instated by Caligula (A.D. 38), was soon deposed, and then reinstated (A.D. by Claudius.
		The Kingdom of Commagene was the most northern district of Syria, to the west of the Euphrates in what is now southern Turkey.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/324576 (302 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Throne Room of The Gods (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cult of Mithra, the rock-born Persian sun-god, was Commagene's official creed, and each year a great ceremony ended with the reappearance of the king as the epiphanes, the incarnation on earth of the god.
		Flanked left and right by Commagene's eagle and lion were Apollo and Mithra in one godhead, Fortuna and the Persian fertility goddess and the personification of Commagene in one, the god-king Antiochus himself, Zeus/Oromasdes, and Hercules/ Ares/Artagnes in his lion skin and carrying a club.
		It shows the Commagene lion, body in profile but looking out at the observer, and is spattered with 19 of the wavy six-pointed stars often depicted on Commagene coins and on the robes and headdresses of Commagene rulers.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197405/throne.room.of.the.gods.htm (2979 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Travel, turkey, GUIDE MARTINE,Turkey, Guide, Guide Martine, istanbul, Martine, turkey photos, ...
		Worshippers from all over the Commagene kingdom were expected to attend the anniversary of the king's birth on the 16th of Audnaios, and his accession to the throne on the 10th of Loos.
		he capital of the Commagene Kingdom was founded by Samos II in about 100 BC at the point where the trade routes between the East and the West crossed the Euphrates River.
		Some objects and architectural fragments related with the Commagene Kingdom are also on display at the Gaziantep Archaeological Museum (Dexiosis Relief of Antiochos I shaking hands with Apollo from the cult site located at Sofraz Köy) and at the Ankara Anatolian Civilization Museum.
	www.guide-martine.com /southeastern3.asp (2876 words)

	Generic Template
		Mount Nemrut (2150 m above sea level) is Commagene's sacred mountain located in the middle of Taurus Mountains in Southeastern Turkey in the province of Adiyaman.
		Commagene was set up as an independent kingdom at the beginning of the first century B.C. by Mithradates I Kallinikos.
		The colossal statues represent Antiochos I, the goddess Commagene, Apollon, Zeus and Heracles.
	halitalhan.8m.com /malatya4.html (1018 words)

	Nemrut Dag Photo Album
		The region that lies between the Taurus Mountains and the Euphrates was called Commagene during the Greek and Roman periods.
		Commagene was established originally as an independent kingdom in 162 BC by Mithridates Kalinikos I. Mithridates brought together Persians and Macedonians and other communities in the area to found this powerful state and named it Commagene, which means "community of genes" in Greek.
		Nemrut Dag combines 8-10 meter-tall statues, the likes of which are to be seen nowhere else in the world, a pyramid located at a height of 2,000 meters, a king's tomb, whose precise location has not yet been determined, the world's oldest horoscope, and a mixture of ancient Greek and Persian art styles.
	www.anatolia.luwo.be /Nemrot.htm (302 words)

	Milli Park: Nemrut Dagi
		The region that lies between the Taurus Mountains and the Euphrates was called Commagene during the periods of Greek and Roman control.
		Commagene was established originally as an independent kingdom during the first century B.C. by Mithradates I. This was during the civil wars that put an end to the dynasty of the Seleucids.
		The power of this state was strong in the reign of Antiochos I; this king was followed by Mithradates II The Commagenian Dynasty controlled the area until 72 A.D., when Commagene was taken into the Roman province of Syria by the Emperor Vespasian.
	tezek.com /dranch/millipark.htm (412 words)

	Anatolian Fortnight: Megalomaniacs and Prophets, Part 1
		A mountainous kingdom straddling the frontiers of Parthian Persia and the dwindling Seleucid empire, hellenic Commagene grew wealthy and became an attractive prize to political upstarts and veterans alike.
		The Commagene kingdom lasted another five decades after Antiochus' death in 34 BCE, as it was absorbed into the Roman province of Syria in 17 AD.
		Over the centuries, long after the Commagene kingdom was forgotten by the rest of the world, a series of earthquakes rocked the giant statues until their heads plummeted to the base of the mausoleum plaza.
	www.edwebproject.org /anatolia/nemrut.html (4089 words)

	Nemrut Mountain, Mt. Nimrod, Adiyaman and Environs, Eski Kahta, Yeni Kale, Cendere Bridge, Karakus by Turkish Travel - ...
		In the centre of Adiyaman are the remains of a fortress built by the Omayyad Caliph, Hisn-i Mansur, in the VIII century and later restored by the Seljuks.
		It tells of the political intentions and the religious beliefs of the Commagene Kingdom, that Arsameia was its capital and that Mithridates, the father of Antioches I, was buried there.
		This 35 metre high tumulus is the funerary monument of the Commagene royal families.
	www.turkishtravel.com /nemrut.htm (856 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commagene broke from the Seleucid empire about 162 BC and its king, Antiochus I (c 69-34 BC) helped it rise in importance.
		Antiochus built his spectacular mausoleum on the peak of Nimrud Dag.
		Commagene was annexed by Rome in 17 AD and was later incorporated into the Roman province of Syria.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Commagene (87 words)

	Toprak Home Page
		Mount Nemrut is at an altitude of 2,150 m (7,053 ft) from the sea level, and the tumulus which includes the tomb of the King of Commagene, Antiochos Epiphanes the I. is there.
		The relief discovered in Arsameia, capital of Commagene and located in the village of Kocahisar near the Stream of Kahta describes Mithradates and Heracles shaking hands and is a very interesting piece.
		These heads alone are taller than a man. On the eastern terrace the 9 m high statues are well enough preserved to see the gods sitting on their thrones.
	web.deu.edu.tr /atiksu/turkiye/nemrut.html (651 words)

	Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture - Nemrut (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Commagene Kingdom was a powerful one, priding itself on having religions, culture and traditions of the Greek and Persian cultures blended into one.
		He died in 64 BC, and was succeeded by his son Antiochus I Epiphanes, who showed his ability early on as a statesman by declaring a non-aggression treaty with the Romans.
		But the huge statues of Antiochus and the gods are all that remain of his reign, as his short-lived rule ended in 38 BC after he sided with the Parthians and fell out with the Romans, who later deposed him.
	goturkey.kultur.gov.tr /destinasyon_en.asp?belgeno=9519&belgekod=9519&Baslik=Nemrut (561 words)

	List of rulers of Commagene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Commagene was a small Hellenistic kingdom in southern Anatolia, near Antioch, which began life as a tributary state of the Seleucids, and later became an independent kingdom, before eventually being annexed by Rome in 72 AD.
		Satraps of Commagene, 290-163 BC Sames I c.290-c.260 BC Arsames I c.260-c.228
		Xerxes of Commagene c.228-c.201 BC Ptolemaeus of Commagene c.201-163 BC edit]
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Kings_of_Kommagene (108 words)

	Volare Tour \| Travel to World (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Antiochus was one of the kings who ruled over the small Commagene kingdom situated between the Taurus and the valley of the Euphrates.
		The Commagene kingdom had been originally inhabited in the eighth century B.C. by a semitic race who were replaced by the Assyrians.
		During the first century B.C. King Mithradates I founded a dynasty, the Commagene, that would last until 72 A.D. The first-century B.C. tomb of Antiochus I overlooks the terraces on which the sacrarium was constructed.
	www.volaretour.com /sub_info_ayrinti.asp?id=64 (709 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Drowned Cities of the Upper Euphrates (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The wealth of Commagene was notable, and it explains the size of the kingdom's capital city.
		One of the most remarkable discoveries at Samosata was that large stretches of the city walls had been constructed in a style called opus reticulatum, or "net-work," a masonry pattern of small square bricks set diagonally that was fashionable in Roman Italy in the late first century BC, but rare anywhere in the East.
		Soon after this time, there are records showing that the royal family of Commagene was granted Roman citizenship, and the last Commagenian king was known officially as Gaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes—a colorful mixture of imperial Roman and royal Macedonian Syrian nomenclature.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199805/drowned.cities.of.the.upper.euphrates.htm (3221 words)

	Information about Nemrut Mountain Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With independence the nation of Commagene was established by Mithridates who was succeeded by a series of kings called Antiochos of whom his son, Antiochos the Great, was the first.
		Very little survives from this era and Antiochos was wise to choose the highest peak in the area (2150 m.) on which to construct an artificial mound 50 m.
		On the back of the heads are inscriptions (in Greek) describing the religious rites to be carried out on the mountain - including dawn sacrifices on the eastern terrace - and the lines of descent of the kings of Commagene.
	www.istanbul-hotels-tours.com /nemrut.htm (735 words)

	Adiyaman, Turkey
		Changing hands from Hittites to Commagenes, then from Seljuks to Ottomans, this province has seen many civilizations, remains of which are spread all over the land.
		At the foot of the ancient Nymphaios (Eski Kale), there is the magnificent relief of Hercules greeting the Commagene king, Mitradtes, and also evidence of remains which might have been the Commagene Palace of opposite, separated by the Eski Kahta river, are the remains of Yeni Kale (new castle) which was built by the Mameluks.
		Nearby are the remains of a Roman bridge at Cendere and the Karakus royal tumulus.
	www.anatolia.com /anatolia/destinations/adiyaman (594 words)

	Learning Sites--The Virtual World of Nemrud Dagi, Turkey
		It was constructed by King Antiochus I of Commagene in the mid-1st century
		"The Excavation of the Hierothesion of Antiochus I of Commagene on Nemrud Dagh (1953-1956)." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 147:4-22.
		Nemrud Dagi: The Hierothesion of Antiochus I of Commagene: results of the American excavations directed by Theresa B. Goell.
	www.learningsites.com /NemrudDagi/nemdagi-2.htm (1162 words)

	TO THE EAST...
		However, amidst all this hope and ambitious plans, a bitter insurgency is being waged by the Kurds, who form a large proportion of the population of this land and yet have no state of their own...to them, this is Kurdistan - their aggrieved homeland where thousands have died in the struggle...
		And nearby on another mountain was Arsameia, the capital of Commagene, where one sees the statues of King Mithridates (founder of the kingdom) shaking hand with Hercules - another manifestation of the egoistic kings of Commagene.
		Standing amongst the monumental ruins of Commagene and looking across the wilderness of the Kurdish mountains, I realised that the current conflict was but a tiny chapter in the saga of this ancient land.
	weecheng.com /europe/1995/turkey5.htm (1030 words)

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