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Topic: Command economies

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	World Economy, World Largest Economies
		Dependency among the countries of the world economy have increased very fast giving birth a more economic relationship.
		The performance of the world economy in the era of market friendliness have become more dynamic from time to time.
		The area of the coverage on the countries include the key economic indicators, structure of the economy covering almost all the sectors, major exports and imports and performance of the economy in the international scenario.
	www.economywatch.com /world_economy (103 words)

	Command economy
		In a command economy economic decisions are made on behalf of the public by planners who determine what sorts of goods and services and how they are to be allocated.
		Command economies are usually contrasted with market economies; a palace economy may be regarded as a command economy floating on top of and supported by a subsistence economy.
		In the late-1970s and early-1980s, it became obvious to the leadership of both the Soviet Union and China that the command economy was not producing higher standards of living and there were efforts in both countries to shift to a market economy.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/c/co/command_economy.html (762 words)

	Friedrich A. Hayek
		The influence of the Kant-Friesian tradition on Hayek is evident in his use of two precepts: Hume's principle that the propositions of ethics cannot be proven, and Popper's principle that scientific knowledge proceeds by falsification, not by verification.
		The abyssmal failure of command economies, or of command devices in mixed capitalistic economies, vindicated the prediction originally made by Ludwig von Mises in 1920, and later promoted by Hayek, that only a free market could coordinate an efficient allocation of resources into productive industries.
		Hayek's personal and professional relationship with Popper, whom he helped in his career, was somewhat ironic considering that Hayek was a cousin of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), with whom Popper disagreed on almost every conceivable philosophical issue.
	www.friesian.com /hayek.htm (760 words)

	Overview of Economics—Getting Organized: Command, Market, and Mixed Economies
		The three major ways they can be organized are as a market economy, a command economy, or a mixed economy.
		In a pure market economy, also known as a laissez-faire economy (from the French “allow to do”), the government plays a very limited role in what is produced.
		However, the government's influence in the economy stems from the amount of money (raised in the form of taxes and borrowings from the private sector) that it spends and, through various forms of welfare, redistributes.
	www.factmonster.com /cig/economics/getting-organized-command-market-mixed-economies.html (888 words)

	Essay: Features of command economies - Coursework.info
		In this essay I will discuss the features of command economies such as those which used to exist in Eastern Europe before 1989 and why they wanted to change their command economies into a market economies, and what has the transition delivered.
		A command economy is one in which the fundamental economic questions-what, how, and for whom to produce, are answered by reference to state determined priorities rather than the interaction of supply and demand in the market place.
		Command systems are also to be found in China and other parts of...
	www.coursework.info /A2_and_A-Level/Economics/Features_of_command_economies_L12655.html (201 words)

	Command Economy - MSN Encarta
		Command Economy, form of economy characterized by rigid central planning and regulation by the state, generally associated with states espousing Communism.
		Designed to rebuild the economy in the short run, their medium-term aim was gradual economic development through the balanced growth of all sectors.
		Elsewhere, command economies broke down far more disastrously: the command economics introduced in Cambodia during the 1970s by Khmer Rouge cadres under the inspiration of Maoism cost hundreds of thousands of lives; whilst the collectivization of agriculture in Ethiopia has been held responsible for the disastrous famines which hit that country in the 1980s.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781529703/Command_Economy.html (2065 words)

	Free-Essays.us - Market Economy Vs. Command Economy
		Thus while the concept of an economy is not fixed but arbitrary, and may have strayed rather far from the management of household resources, it is nonetheless spoken of in official circles as if there were genuine agreement (sometimes almost as if it were tangible, as we must get the economy back on track).
		Traditionally, three models of an economy have been used: the traditional or feudal, the command economy (where the state determines resource decisions) and the market economy which is the model in use in USA and in most industrialized Western countries.
		USSR, The command economy: From 1928 onwards the Soviet economy course was charted at the centre and directives issued outwards from the centre passing downwards and outwards through a massive hierarchical bureaucracy.
	www.free-essays.us /dbase/b5/lvt224.shtml (2549 words)

	S-Cool! - AS & A2 Level Economics Revision - Quicklearn
		Of course, the advantage of a command economy is that the strong government will make sure that public and merit goods are consumed at the right levels and that demerit goods are banned or taxed heavily.
		A command economy might not have the efficiency and enterprise for the successful to make millions, but at least the strong government will try to make sure that nobody falls through the safety net.
		Command economies can make sure that the production processes that they chose are as environmentally friendly as possible.
	www.s-cool.co.uk /topic_quicklearn.asp?loc=ql&topic_id=5&quicklearn_id=4&subject_id=11&ebt=47&ebn=&ebs=&ebl=&elc=13 (1369 words)

	Women & The Economy - Economic Systems
		A command economy is an economy in which production is in the hands of the state rather than the hands of private enterprises.
		Sustenance economies are a kind of return to a subsistence economy in which humans produce and reproduce wealth in partnership with nature.
		A sustenance economy is an economics of survival rather than an economics of overconsumption encouraged by a market-based economy.
	unpac.ca /economy/econsystems.html (1691 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A planned economy (also known as command economy and centrally planned economy) is an economic system in which the state or government controls the factors of production and makes all decisions about their use and about the distribution of income.
		That is, a planned economy is "an economic system in which the government controls and regulates production, distribution, prices, etc." [1] but a command economy, while also having this type of regulation, necessarily has substantial public ownership of industry.
		There is a Trotskyist theory of permanent arms economy, put forward by Michael Kidron, which leads on from the contention that war and accompanying industrialisation is a continuing feature of capitalist states and that central planning and other features of the war economy are ever present.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Planned_economy (1851 words)

	command economy
		Economy planned and directed by government, where resources are allocated to factories by the state through central planning.
		In theory, the time and money spent on advertising and marketing in a free-market economy can in a command economy instead be devoted to producing something useful.
		However, historical experience in the 20th century suggests that planned economies have not produced as high growth as free-market or mixed economies.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0037989.html (355 words)

	conservatism: hurrah for crazy command economies
		Norway is definitely not a purely command economy, its a mixed economy that falls further on the scale towards command than the US does.
		East-timor is the poorest country in the world, and it doesn't have a controlled economy, its main problem is that other countries own basically all the resources, and of course that it has had almost all its infrastructure destroyed by invasion.
		a capitalist economy and a command economy are opposites.
	community.livejournal.com /conservatism/2630948.html (2218 words)

	Command Economies
		The standard of living in the USSR gradually fell behind that enjoyed by citizens of free enterprise economies, as inefficiency was allowed to continue.
		When the wall came down, it was a symbol of the overthrow of the East German command economy.
		The CIS economy continues to struggle along, the government heavily dependent on loans from western international bodies like the International Monetary Fund to provide the funds to pay for the restructuring of the economy.
	users.chariot.net.au /~mjarrett/Devel/Demand/Command.htm (3483 words)

	Three Voluntary
		The primary characteristic of a cash charity economy is that a contribution of cash is made in exchange for assurance that the contribution supports a project which is worthy.
		The primary characteristic of a labor charity economy is the contribution of labor in exchange for a sense of satisfaction, either because the work is enjoyable or because it achieves desirable ends, or both.
		A labor economy is associated with collective property — labor is guided by an administrative system thought to hold trust for a specific community or for the public at large.
	freenation.org /a/f24j1.html (2775 words)

	Free Essay Free Market vs Command Economy - Polandland transition eco
		Thus, economies are graded as being free market economies or planned economies using a tool called the economic spectrum, where the planned economies are placed on the left and the free market economies on the right.
		 In a command economy all the economic decisions are taken by the government, whereas in a free market economy all economic decisions are taken by individuals and firms, which are assumed to act in their own self-interest.
		 In a command economy, the distribution of goods and services among the population is planned by the government, based on their assessment of the people’s needs; whereas in a free market economy the population may acquire the goods and services as per their specific needs at the price fixed by the seller(s).
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=28129 (1698 words)

	New Page 1
		This and many other remnants of the command system helped to create a situation in which the market had not really started to operate but the coordinative role of the central -plan was already considerably weakened.
		Although this minimal set was not sufficient for the development of a fully fledged market and for the elimination of all the remnants of command economy, it was nevertheless designed in such a way that it would destroy the basis of the command system and make way for a revival of the market.
		This opinion was also shared by other economists who believed the both a command economy and a market economy were, in a certain sense, 'stable' organizations, while the intermediate forms contain mixtures of command and market elements were unstable, and would tend to move either toward a command system or toward a complete market system.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/Economics/Command_Econ/Reforms/comec_ref_czech_strategy2.htm (2152 words)

	Civita - Center for Business and Society
		Historically, the market economy has not only been a prerequisite for the strong economic growth that has occurred, but as a system it has been a premise for the democratic societies in our part of the hemisphere.
		In the discussion on the nature and workings of market economies it is often stated that the value of humans have been reduced to a question of material wealth — that people are measured against their ability to produce, as opposed to who they are and what values they advocate.
		This pertains especially to economies based on raw materials, which the Norwegian economy is. Moreover, welfare questions become central considering we are also going through a gradual change towards a more knowledge based economy.
	www.civita.no /english.php (2613 words)

	Lesson 2: Economic Systems
		Subsistence economies, which prevail in the more remote and less industrialized areas of the world, place much value on ecology and living in harmony within the natural limits of their environment.
		The Island Game gives students the opportunity to create their own economy based upon what they value and what they view the goal of their economy should be.
		All of the small groups are asked to develop the basic outline of their economy and then each group is given a problem scenario to solve.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/edumat/sustecon/lessons/lesson2.html (1018 words)

	Lesson 1.1: Types of Economies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Specifically, the economy was not growing, consumers in China faced a barely sufficient food supply, rationed clothing, inadequate housing and a service sector that was inefficient.
		The move from a command to a mixed economy has been and continues to be difficult.
		In a traditional economy, a family or clan will decide what crops to grow, when to hunt and fish, who will do the work, and how the resources are shared among the clan or tribe.
	home.comcast.net /~jmazidi/IntroBusiness/Lesson1-1.htm (1286 words)

	What is Economics?
		When the economy is operating at full capacity (all resources are being used), the only way we can have more military production is to produce fewer domestic goods and services.
		Command economies are often referred to as planned economies because the government engages in elaborate, detailed planning in an effort to produce and distribute goods and services according to the wishes of government leaders.
		Therefore, it is accurate to label China as a predominantly command economy, and the United States as a predominantly market economy.
	www.timelyknowledge.com /what_is_economics.htm (961 words)

	Commanding Heights: Storyline \| on PBS
		Western democracies still struggle with deficits and inflation, while communism hides the failure of its command economy behind a facade of military might.
		One by one, economies in crisis adopt "shock therapy" -- a rapid conversion to free-market capitalism.
		As the command economies totter and collapse, privatization transfers economic power back into entrepreneurial hands, and whole societies go through wrenching change.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/story/index.html (849 words)

	Command Economy vs. Market Economy. \| Progressive U
		A command economy limits the personal freedom and individuality of a person, and the central government answers all the economic questions offered.
		Command economies look good in theory, free health care and all but it also encourages people to be lazy if someone can go to work sit and make the same amount as someone who actually works there is no motivation.
		Command economies do not mean that you sacrifice your personal freedoms; the way that large scale command economies have been set up with governments means that you will sacrifice personal freedom.
	www.progressiveu.org /105434-command-economy-vs-market-economy (711 words)

	Planned economy - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		A planned economy is an economic system in which economic decisions are made by centralized planners who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be priced and allocated, and may include state ownership of the means of production.
		A palace economy may be considered as a subsistence economy augmented with elements of command economy.
		Some have used criticism of command economy as a means of objecting to socialism.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=7843 (1072 words)

	command economies
		In command economies all of the firms which were transitioning were in the governments hand.
		These two nations have chosen to change their economies from a collectivized command one to a market oriented one in order to increase the ezdard of living in...
		Command Planning A problem that faces all economies in the world is who or what will receive what resources.
	www.directessays.com /essay_search/command_economies.html (730 words)

	COMMAND ECONOMY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the ancient world, command was found in agricultural economies, especially those dependent on large scale systems of irrigation requiring extensive regional planning and coordination.
		In modern times, command economies were dominant in the Soviet -style communist societies, where state central planning agencies allocated capital and resources, established production targets and fixed the levels of prices.
		Command economies, because they rely on centralized bureaucratic administration, appear to be inherently less efficient than market mechanisms in allocating resources and stimulating economic growth.
	www.sociologyindex.com /commandecon.htm (140 words)

	AmosWEB is Economics: Encyclonomic WEB*pedia
		A command economy is one in which government commands (directs, orders, or dictates) the vast majority of resource allocation decisions.
		The contrasting economic system is a market-oriented economy, in which resource allocation decisions are achieved primarily through voluntary market exchanges.
		The two most notable command economies of the 20th century were the communist/socialist economic systems of China and the Soviet Union.
	www.amosweb.com /cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=command+economy (496 words)

	Types of Economies
		In the command economy, the government makes the decisions as to what goods to supply to the people.
		The Soviet Union was an example of a communistic command economy.
		Command economies like China are introducing free market economies into their economy.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/00921/typesofeconomies.htm (615 words)

	Modern Corporation
		To have a market economy is by and large a good thing: the price mechanism acts as a gigantic social calculating machine to organize our economy and to direct the division of labor and the allocation of production: an invisible hand, as it were (Smith, 1776; p.
		Considered as an economic unit, the piece of the world's economy strucured and coordinated by General Motors is roughly one-third the size of Canada.
		Our corporate economy allows large hierarchical organizations to fill those niches in which planning is appropriate, and is thus preferable to alternatives that either leave no role for the market or no role for large organizations.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /Econ_Articles/Command_Corporations.html (6010 words)

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