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Topic: Commander Islands

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	Aleutian Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The great majority of the islands bear evident marks of volcanic origin, and there are numerous volcanic cones on the north side of the chain, some of them active; many of the islands, however, are not wholly volcanic, but contain crystalline or sedimentary rocks, and also amber and beds of lignite.
		The climate of the islands is oceanic, with moderate and fairly uniform temperatures and heavy rainfall.
		After the ships were separated by a storm, Chirikov discovered several eastern islands of the Aleutian group, and Bering discovered several of the western islands, finally being wrecked and losing his life on the island of the Komandorski Islands (Commander Islands) that now bears his name (Bering Island).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aleutian_Islands (1621 words)

	Commander Islands
		The Bering Island stretches from northwest to southeast for 75 km.
		The Commander island was named after the leader of two Kamchatka expeditions of the 18 century, a brave navigator captain-commander Vitus Bering, who had been living there together with the crew of the ship "St. Peter" for 9 months and died of scurvy.
		Rivers of the Bering and Medny Islands are spawning grounds for the Pacific salmon.
	www.kamchatka.org.ru /islands.html (589 words)

	THE STORY OF PEARL HARBOR
		Admiral Richardson was the senior naval officer in command of the fleet, and General Herron the senior Army officer in command of the Hawaiian Department.
		Commander of Task Force No. 4 in control of the naval installations at the outlying island bases, such as Midway, Wake, Guam, etc. It will be noted from the foregoing that Admiral Bloch dealt directly with the Navy Department on certain phases of Page 62 his work.
		General Martin was in command of the Army Air Forces and presented a single air commander with whom the Navy had to deal; and Martin was under the direct command of Short.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/pha/army/chap_3a.html (2001 words)

	SEAL-FISHERIES - LoveToKnow Article on SEAL-FISHERIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Commander Islands were discovered by Vitus Bering in 1741, and our first knowledge of the northern fur-seal herds comes from the notes of Georg Wilhelm Steller, a German naturalist accompanying Berings expedition.
		From 1870 to 1890 the United States government leased the islands to the Alaska Commercial Company, and in 1890 the monopoly passed to the North American Commercial Company; this lease expired on the 1st of May 1910, and was not to be renewed.
		The catch was limited to 60,000 in 1890 and 1891; 7500 in 1892 and 1893; 20,000 in 1894; 15,000 in I895, 20,000 in 1897; 30,000 in 1896, 1898-1903; and 15,000 in 1904, 1905 and 1906.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SE/SEAL_FISHERIES.htm (1716 words)

	Komandorski Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Komandorski Islands or Commander Islands, (in Russian, Komandorskiye Ostrova) are a group of treeless islands east of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, in the Bering Sea.
		The islands were discovered by Semyon Dezhnev in 1684.
		The islands received their name after Vitus Bering, who died there in 1741 after his ship St. Peter wrecked.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commander_Islands (203 words)

	Kamchatka: Bering Island
		Life on the islands was characterized by isolation from the outside world and by the islands' isolation from each other.
		At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, the population of the islands embraced Christianity.
		An orthography for Aleut, devised by the highly accomplished Innokenty Veniaminov -- scholar, ethnographer, and linguist of Kamchatka and the Aleutian and Commander Islands of the Russian Orthodox Church -- failed to gain currency on the islands.
	www.pbs.org /edens/kamchatka/bering_2.html (893 words)

	Kamchatka: Bering Island
		The reason for filming on Bering Island was a simple one: The island is part of the Kamchatka Oblast, or political region, and nearly three-quarters of it is a biosphere reserve.
		Over the next week, the crew ferried themselves to shore, the strong helping the weak and the weak continuing to die from scurvy, a disease owing to the lack of vitamin C in the body, but whose cause was unknown at the time.
		The Commander Islands' sea otters witnessed a simlar fate.
	www.pbs.org /edens/kamchatka/bering.html (1834 words)

	Komandorsky Zapovednik
		The Commander Islands are located in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, and are bordered to the south by the Bering Sea.
		Although the Commander Islands occupy a relatively small territory (less than 2,000 square kilometers), their relief is nevertheless diverse, encompassing folded-block mountains and volcanic plateaus, flat, terraced plains, and eroded low mountains.
		Thanks to the creation of this zone, the Commander Island Shelf is now one of the few remaining areas of the region’s shelf that is still preserved in near pristine condition, unaffected by the damaging effects of trawl fishing.
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion14/14-komandorsky/14_komandorsky.htm (3835 words)

	They Need Your Help
		Two small Islands closing the Aleutian's chain on the east and Kamchatka on the west are the Bering and Medniy islands.
		The Nikolskoye village (Bering Island, founded in 1826) and Preobrazhenskoye village (Medniy Island) are the largest settlements on the Commander Islands.
		On the Bering Islands (Commander Bay) are the most famous memorial complex of the graves Vitus Bering and some other participants of his crew.
	home.comcast.net /~mishkabear/island/booklet.htm (3757 words)

	Aleutian Islands -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The major island groups from east to west are the Fox Islands, the Islands of the Four Mountains, and the Andreanof, Rat, and Near islands.
		The Komandor (Commander) Islands near the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) are geographically part of the Aleutians.
		By protecting the wildlife of the islands (notably sea otters and seals) and regulating kills, the refuge has preserved the way of life of the native Aleuts, who have always lived by fishing and hunting.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9005580?tocId=9005580 (1288 words)

	70 FR 46366; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - FR Doc 05-15718
		Aleutian Islands The first systematic, large-scale population surveys of sea otters in the Aleutian Islands (Figure 4A of the Proposed Rule) were conducted from 1957 to 1965 by Kenyon (1969).
		This result was unexpected, as the remnant colonies in these island groups were the first to recover from the effects of commercial harvest, and sea otters were believed to have been at equilibrium density at most of these islands in the mid-1960s.
		The distance between the Near Islands in the Aleutians to the Commander Islands in Russia is approximately 320 km (200 mi), and the amount of interchange between the two subspecies is believed to be low because of the long distance between island groups over deep water.
	www.fws.gov /policy/library/05-15718.html (17842 words)

	The Commander Islands (Komandorskiye Ostrova) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Commander Islands are geographically located at the end of the Aleutian Islands, like the hand on an outstretched arm.
		Bering and one-third of the crew died on the island.
		The islands were the last home of the Steller's sea cow, which was hunted to extinction by 1769, only 27 years after its discovery.
	www.amiq.org /cmander.html (465 words)

	MODIS Website
		The Commander Islands, in Russian "Komandorskiye Ostrova," float east of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Bering Sea.
		The islands - Bering island in the west and Mednyi Island in the east - support a small population of Russians and Aleuts that supports itself on fishing and hunting whales.
		Bering Island lies on the International Timeline, and both tend to be foggy and experience earthquakes.
	modis.gsfc.nasa.gov /gallery/individual.php?db_date=2005-05-05 (96 words)

	Information about the Komandorsky Islands Reserve.
		The island is almost entirely surrounded by reefs which provide nesting grounds for seagulls, cormorants and numerous guillemots.
		Among the feathered population of the Commander Islands the most numerous are the fulmars, looking something like pigeons.
		They are among the first to appear on the shores of the Commander Islands, arriving late in March to liven up the oppressive winter silence.
	www.travelkamchatka.com /komandorsky.htm (1174 words)

	Japanese Forces in the Gilbert and Nauru Islands, Stan Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The island was reinforced with the arrival of the 5th Marine Defense Battalion less detachments “A”and“B.” The Japanese were unaware that the Americans were positioned on their southern flank until sighted by a passing flying boat in March 1943.
		The commander of the Japanese Naval Air Force launched an assault with 16 land-attack planes upon enemy transports near Tarawa, but, due to the poor coordination between the search and attack units, only piecemeal attacks were conducted against the enemy carrier force arriving in the Tarawa waters.
		The Advance Force was to act as escort and prepare for a counter landing under the command of the Commander of the 14th Cruiser Division which had cleared Truk on the 21st, reached Ponape on the 22d, left Ponape on the 23d, and reached Kwajalein on the 25th.
	www.tarawaontheweb.org /stanjersy1.htm (7312 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		Aleuts are the native inhabitants of the Aleutian Islands.
		The Russian merchants who, according to the new lease, became masters of the island drove the Aleuts to wasteful hunting of sea mammals on an unprecendented scale paying them with trifles and alcohol (even though the importing of alcohol to the islands was prohibited by law).
		In 1928 the Aleut National District was established on the Commander Islands, with its centre in Nikolskoye, Bering Island.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/aleuts.shtml (2016 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For the last two years the natural ecosystem around the islands has completely changed as the huge fields of kelp have almost disappeared and so the sea otters have been observed on the riffs and stones at low tide.
		The reason for the disappearance of the wide kelp beds near Commander Islands could possibly be attributed to the very stormy weather, which was particularly extreme in this area in winter 2002/2003.
		Even though, the actual number of sea otters on the Commander is almost stable, we expect some noticeable changes in the near future with a considerable decrease in the local population.
	www.otter.org /manU.html (1236 words)

	SCS: Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus)
		The commercial hunting of immature male fur seals was discontinued on St. George Island in 1973 and on St. Paul Island in 1984, the year that the Convention lapsed.
		Fur seals are not killed on Bogoslof Island or San Miguel Island but it is thought that 0.2-2% of the population on the Asian islands are killed each year, including 1,500 males on Tyuleniy Island and 5,000 pups on the Commander Islands.
		Mortality from entanglement may have been a contributing factor in the decline of the Pribilof Islands population in the 1970s and early 1980s, but this source of mortality decreased in the late 1980s and early 1990s and is now at about half the rate observed during the decline.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/norfursl.htm (1282 words)

	Special information about seaweeds and sea otters near Commander Islands - Kamchatka region, Russia (by field ...
		One of the reason for the disappearance of the wide kelp field near Commander Islands might have its cause in the strong and highly stormy weather, which particularly occurred on the Commander Islands in winter 2002/2003.
		Everybody knows, that the fields of kelp on the Commander Islands are very necessary places, which allow these animals to escape the stormy winds and waves, have a rest, normal communication and breeding activity between ones, keep the pubs better and protect themselves from natural predators (sometimes Orcas).
		Vladimir Sevostianov "Peculiar of the growth of the sea otters population near Medniy Islands…" Biological problems of the North, DVNC, AS USSR, All Union Simposium, Magadan, 1983.
	beringisland.ru /news/news35.shtm (1227 words)

	Commander Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Commander Islands are located approximately 200 miles (333 km) from the Aleutian Islands off Alaska, in the Bering Sea, approximately 1000 miles from Anchorage, Alaska.
		In 1755, a mere thirteen years after the islands were discovered, a trader by the name of Piotr Yakovlev visited the Commander Islands and wrote a report about the urgency of banning the manatee harvest.
		Bald eagles and Canada geese were lost from the bird fauna of the islands.
	www.az.com /~katrinat/island/nature1.htm (423 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The islands southeast of the peninsula of Aliaska, between ion.
		The most westerly of the groups included in this archipelago is that known as the Komandorski or Commander's Islands, from Commander Bering, who died upon one of them.
		They comprise Attu, which is the largest, Agattzi, or the Crooked (Krzigli) Island, and three small islets known as the Semichi, from Semik, the feast on the seventh Thursday after Easter, on which day they were discovered.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /gc/mtfgc/12473/2820247.txt (314 words)

	TamilNet: 27.04.02 Navy commander declares islands ‘military zones’
		In a letter to the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission (SLMM), a senior SLN commander declared the islets, which are home to many Tamil civilians, as military zones and hence off limits to the LTTE’s political cadres, the Virakesari newspaper reported.
		The SLN’s stance was criticised by Tamil MP Mavai Senathirajah who acidly pointed out that nobody knew that the densely populated island of Kayts was a militarised zone as Rear Admiral Weerasena, Northern Naval Area (Comnorth), had claimed.
		These were set up along with observation posts to stop infiltration [by the Tigers] and to ensure security, the commander said, adding that since clause 1.13 of the ceasefire agreement stipulated Tiger cadres were not to conduct political work in military controlled areas, this effectively barred the them from entering the islets.
	www.tamilnet.com /art.html?catid=13&rid=2002042701 (484 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Commander Islands
		Commander Islands, group of four islands in Russia, lying east of the peninsula of Kamchatka Peninsula in the Bering Sea.
		Howe, William, 5th Viscount Howe (1729-1814), British commander in chief in North America (1775-78) during the early years of the American Revolution....
		The movie uses special effects and powerful cinematography to great effect during the dramatic battle scenes and storms that follow.
	encarta.msn.com /Commander_Islands.html (140 words)

	Taxonomy Order
		Northern fur seals are pelagic and range from the southeastern Sea of Okhotsk, the southern Bering Sea and the northern Gulf of Alaska south to the East Sea and northern Baja California, Mexico.
		Rookeries occur on the Pribilof Islands, east Bering Sea; the Commander Islands, west Bering Sea; Robben Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Islands, west Pacific; and San Miguel Island in the California Channel Islands.
		In 1993, the total population was estimated at about 1.2 million; 900,000 at the Pribilofs, 225,000-230,000 at the Commander Islands; 55,000-65,000 at Robben Island; 50,000-55,000 at the Kuril Islands; 4,000 at San Miguel Island.
	www.imma.org /pinnipeds/northernfs.htm (622 words)

	IOSF - International Otter Survival Fund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This situation makes it crucial to monitor current populations of sea otters near the Commander Islands — at present they are stable at present at about 4,500 - 5,000.
		Luckily on the Commander Islands there is a breeding colony of these magnificent marine mammals.
		Our colleagues in Russia and IOSF are confident that the Commander Islands will be a most significant focal point of the North Pacific for better understanding the changes which have been occurring in the ecosystem.
	www.otter.org /news/news8.html (462 words)

	Record Unit 7074 - Leonhard Stejneger Papers, 1753, 1867-1943
		His last trip to the Commander Islands was in 1922 as a representative of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
		Of particular importance are Results of Ornithological Explorations in the Commander Islands and in Kamtschatka (1885), portions of the Standard Natural History (1885), edited by J. Sterling Kingsley, The Poisonous Snakes of North America (1895), The Russian Fur-Seal Islands (1896), Herpetology of Porto Rico (1904), and Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territories (1907).
		Copy of "The Commander Islands in 1917, A Preliminary Sketch by E. Suvoroff, Chief Expert of Fisheries of the Department of Agriculture, Petrograd." Includes a letter from Waldemar Bogoras to Henry F. Osborn (8-6-1922).
	www.si.edu /archives/archives/findingaids/FARU7074.htm (4939 words)

	Sharing Our Pathways Volume 9, Issue 5
		The Commander Island Unangas are rich with a wealth of cultural knowledge but they were never given the opportunity to use their language.
		The visit to the Commander Islands was personally very fulfilling and educational for me. I was happy that I was able to meet with the speakers of Unangax?
		She had grown up on Nunivak Island (in Yup'ik country) where she was forced to leave her father in order to get educated.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /sop/SOPv9i5.html (8566 words)

	The AMIQ Institute
		This site provides a glimpse of the scenery, flora, and fauna of the Bering Sea's Pribilof Islands(Alaska, USA) and Commander Islands (Kamchatka, Russia) and the life of its Aleut population.
		It is a small sample taken from the 20 years of research by Helen Corbett and Susanne Swibold as presented through words and photos.
		This site provides a glimpse of the scenery, flora, and fauna of the Bering Sea's Pribilof Islands(Alaska, USA) and Commander Islands (Kamchatka, Russia)and the life of its Aleut population.
	www.amiq.org (258 words)

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