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Topic: Commensalism

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	commensalism - Encyclopedia.com
		commensalism, relationship between members of two different species of organisms in which one individual is usually only slightly benefited, while the other member is not affected at all by the relationship.
		For example, some flatworms live attached to the gills of the horseshoe crab, obtaining bits of food from the crab's meals; the crab is apparently unaffected.
		In many cases commensalism cannot be distinguished from parasitism (see parasite).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-commensa.html (1010 words)

	Human "Commensalism"
		Commensalism is, thus, distinguished from parasitism, whereby some animals feed off the bodies of others, thus depriving these others of something valuable.
		A form of commensalism is evident in the market place, as when the establishment of one business gives rise to other, adjacent ones that take nothing from the first.
		This commensal relationship may be an alternative to what many see as a the allegedly zero sum relationship of the market place, whereby the gain of some must involve the loss of others.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/machan3.html (961 words)

	Nearctica - Ecology - Population Ecology - Commensalism
		Commensalism is a relationship between two species where one species derives a benefit from the relationship and the second species is unaffected by it.
		For true commensalism, the second species must be unaffected by the presence of the first, but commonly a detailed study of the relationship will show some affect on the second species.
		However as in most cases of commensalism, there is a "but".
	www.nearctica.com /ecology/pops/commens.htm (1163 words)

	Define commensalism - Definition of commensalism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commensalism is a situation in which two organisms are associated in a relationship in which one benefits from the relationship and the other is not affected much.
		An example pf commensalism is vermiliads (plants living on trees in rainforests) and frogs; the frogs get shelter and water from the vermiliad but the vermiliad is unaffected.
		(com·men·sal·ism) (ko-men¢s[schwa]l-iz²[schwa]m) symbiosis (qv) in which one population (or individual) gains from the association and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
	www.definitionsfor.com /commensalism (502 words)

	Commensalism relationships. Commensalism relationships : review of Jocelyn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commensalism is a relationship that is beneficial to how nurturing a garden is like nurturing relationships the bacteria which live off of.
		Commensalism interpersonal relationships is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is helped and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
		Commensalism is a relationship between two species in which one species obtains food, shelter, support, locomotion, or quotes about mother and daughter relationships another benefit from the other.
	jocelynreports.gigcities.com /co_relat.html (718 words)

	Re: what commensalism relationships between plants and animals exist?
		Perhaps the closest to a plant- animal commensalism is an animal living or nesting in a tree as birds and squirrels do.
		Plant-animal mutualisms are much more common than plant-animal commensalisms, including animals as pollinators, animals as seed dispersers and ants that protect some Acacia tree species from enemies in return for a home and food.
		It is a matter of opinion whether the male bees benefit and it is a mutualism, the male bees are harmed and it is a parasitism, or the male bees receive no benefit or harm and it is a commensalism.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/May2003/1052445489.Bt.r.html (355 words)

	commensalism - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "commensalism" is defined.
		commensalism : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Commensalism : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=commensalism (184 words)

	Nearctica - Ecology - Population Ecology - Muturalism and Commensalism
		Nearctica - Ecology - Population Ecology - Muturalism and Commensalism
		Some people assert that the species must physically touch each other and divide symbiosis into mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
		However, if you want to use symbiosis as equivalent to mutualism, there is nothing wrong with it so long as everyone understands what you mean by "symbiosis."
	www.nearctica.com /ecology/pops/symbiote.htm (196 words)

	Biotic Associations: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism
		The whale barnacle living as a commensal on Gray Whales
		You will find below a set of photos from our photo archives depicting two or more organisms in a biotic association.
		These associations fall into one of several categories: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism etc. By going through the many organisms in the Race Rocks Taxonomy, you will find explanations for these and other biotic associations.
	www.racerocks.com /racerock/eco/bioassociate/bioassociate.htm (104 words)

	Symbiosis
		Some species of barnacles are found only as commensals on the jaws of whales.
		Some parasitic fungi seem to have evolved from ancestors living in the mutualistic partnership of a lichen.
		Some of the bacteria living in our large intestine supply us with vitamin K, thus evolving from commensalism to mutualism.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/Symbiosis.html (1675 words)

	Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes
		A Commensalism is a symbiosis in which one of the participants (typically the symbiont) benefits but the other organism (typically the host) neither benefits nor is harmed
		The majority of the organisms living in or on your body probably represent commensals, though this designation might require a consideration of
		A commensal, more or less by definition at a given place and given time, has a pathogenicity of effectively zero
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/black14.htm (2012 words)

	Commensalism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commensalism is an interspecific interaction where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
		Commensalisms are ubiquitous in nature: birds nesting in trees are commensal.
		Commensal organisms frequently live in the nests, or on the bodies, of the other species.
	www.uic.edu /classes/bios/bios101/interactio/sld024.htm (71 words)

	Symbiosis
		Commensalism: one species benefits, the other is neither hurt nor helped.
		In commensalism, one organism benefits from the relationship while the other is neither helped nor hurt.
		Since the bromeliads don't take any nutrients from the trees this is usually classified as a commensalism, but if there are a lot of bromeliads (left) the tree will need to add extra wood to support the weight (a bromeliad can trap up to 10 gallons (80 pounds) of water in its leaves).
	www.marietta.edu /~biol/biomes/symbiosis.htm (2570 words)

	Commensalism \| Buzznick.com
		Commensalism is a relationship between two species where one species derives a...
		Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one...
		commensalism in biology, a relation between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either...
	www.buzznick.com /commensalism.html (141 words)

	Commensalism \| World of Biology
		Commensalism (from Latin com meaning together and mensa meaning table) is a form of symbiosis, or close association between organisms of two or more species, in which one participant in the relationship benefits, and the relationship is neutral for the other participant.
		Commensalism is one of three recognized categories of symbiotic relationships.
		Thus, examples of what at first appear to be commensalism may not prove to truly be commensalism upon more in-depth study.
	www.bookrags.com /research/commensalism-wob (473 words)

	Commensalism Summary
		In ecology, commensalism is an interaction between two living organisms, where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
		As with all ecological interactions, commensalisms vary in strength and duration from intimate, long-lived symbioses to brief, weak interactions through intermediaries.
		Some biologists argue that any close interaction between two organisms is unlikely to be completely neutral for either party, and that relationships identified as commensal are likely mutualistic or parasitic in a subtle way that has not been detected.
	www.bookrags.com /Commensalism (863 words)

	ReefSlides - August '04 - Commensalism & Mutualism Explored
		Termed commensalisms, this is the arrangement commonly described for animals such as porcelain anemone crabs and their host anemones.
		So, while the shrimp may be a commensal on its anemone, it may simultaneously be involved in a mutualistic relationship with some of the fish in its community.
		The transition from a commensal relationship to true mutualism or, conversely, to a parasitic relationship, appears to be easily accomplished, and there are numerous examples of closely related animals exhibiting these different aspects of symbioses.
	www.reefkeeping.com /issues/2004-08/reefslides/index.php (673 words)

	Lesson 5
		Parasitism is probably the one form of symbiosis most people know, and is characterized by the host being harmed and the parasite benefiting.
		Commensalism is generally the least known type of symbiosis, and involves a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed.
		Your mission is to go out to library type resources and find other examples of commensalism in an ocean biome.
	web4j1.lane.edu /~belonger/marineecosystems/lessons1-15/lesson5.html (251 words)

	Scyphozoa - commensalism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commensalisms are symbioses that are beneficial to one organism and neither beneficial nor detrimental to the other.
		A common example of commensalism involves fish, often juveniles, and jellyfish.
		It is thought that the jellyfish is not affected by the relationship because it is not eaten by the fish nor does it eat the fish.
	www2.eve.ucdavis.edu /mndawson/tS/Biol/Ecol/Symbioses/Commensalism.html (71 words)

	Body by Design: Form and Function--Animals/Ecology lesson plan (grades 6-8)--DiscoverySchool.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
		Each pairing is called a symbiosis.There are three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from the pairing; commensalism, in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed; and parasitism, in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.
		Suggest to the class that two types of symbiosis may be at work (first commensalism, in which the ants cultivate the fungi, and then parasitism, in which the ants eat the fungi).
	school.discovery.com /lessonplans/programs/bodybydesign (1566 words)

	Commensalism
		Commensalism : A close and permanent association between two populations of organisms in which one population benefits without damaging or benefiting the other.
		Commensalism: form of relationship in which one species gains from the
		Commensalism, adaptation and gene flow: mosquitoes of the Culex...
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/Commensalism.html (234 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Conserved genes in a path from commensalism to pathogenicity: comparative phylogenetic ...
		Staphylococcus epidermidis, long regarded as an innocuous commensal bacterium of the human skin, is the most frequent cause of nosocomial infections associated with implanted medical devices.
		However, the prevalence of icaADBC in commensal strains did not differ from that in invasive strains, indicating that other factors should been involved in pathogenesis [14].
		The small-scale variations which pepper the chromosomes of the commensal and pathogenic strains were not explored in detail.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/7/112 (7047 words)

	Symbioses
		The concept and term symbiosis are attributed to the German mycologist Anton de Bary who, in 1879, defined it to cover any close interspecific association.
		Symbiosis literally means 'living together' and de Bary explicitly included commensalism, mutualism and parasitism.
		The term commensal was introduced by Pierre-Joseph van Beneden in 1876.
	scitec.uwichill.edu.bb /bcs/courses/Ecology/BL21B/symbioses.htm (853 words)

	Aquatic Interiors - Symbiosis and Commensalism
		On the other hand, commensalism is a term often used for a relationship in which only one of the two animals obtains some sort of advantage.
		Common examples of commensalism are the relationships that exist between remoras or sharksuckers and larger marine fishes, especially sharks and rays.
		The dorsal fin of the remora is specially modified to form a sucking apparatus that is used for attachment to the host.
	www.seacave.com /storage/sym.html (557 words)

	commensalism
		commensalism commensalism (kumensulizum) [key], relationship between two organisms Commensalism Human Commensalism and microbes.
		Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet SAS commensalism examples of two living in the Fire Urchin, Asthenosoma varium, an example of two organisms in a relationship can arise as HTML Your browser may not effected by being raised above forest Science - Population Ecology - From the commensalism.
		commensalism or in the Caribbean neogene from Bacillus cereus Mediates Commensalism and stone File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat Your browser may not have a PDF reader available.
	wfwcn.org /commensalism.html (445 words)

	Commensalism equations
		Many years ago, our group studied the commensalism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Proteus vulgaris where the yeast could grow alone but the bacterium could not because of its requirement for the vitamin niacin.
		Together the mixed culture showed the yeast essentially unaffected by the bacterium, but the bacterium could thrive on niacin excreted by the yeast.
		Adding niacin broke the commensalism and let the fast-growing bacteria outcompete the yeast (A. Shindala, H.R. Bungay, N.R. Kreig, and K.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MixCul/commens1.htm (94 words)

	Ocean Oasis Teacher's Guide Activity 11
		Referred to as commensalism, an example of this type of relationship might be a bird nest in a tree.
		Discuss the types of partnerships that might exist between different organisms in a community—mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
		Describe some relationships between organisms in your area that exhibit mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism.
	www.oceanoasis.org /teachersguide/activity11.html (458 words)

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