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Topic: Committee on the Conduct of the War

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	[No title]
		Created in early December 1861 by the Thirty-seventh Congress and popularly known as the War Committee, the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War was believed necessary to counteract a rash of Union military setbacks in the summer and fall of 1861.
		Because the leading spirits on the committee were fervently devoted to antislavery principles, committee members also judged the performance of military leaders in terms of their own commitment to the abolition of slavery.
		Committee members were motivated by patriotic and humanitarian sentiments; however, lack of military knowledge combined with too broad of an investigative latitude conspired to limit their usefulness to the Union war effort.
	www.civilwarhome.com /committee.htm (1465 words)

	United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Committee was also involved in supporting the war effort through various means, including endorsing emancipation, the use of fl soldiers, and the appointment of generals who were known to be aggressive fighters.
		The Committee on the Conduct of the War is considered to be the toughest congressional investigating committee in history.
		Tap does praise the Committee for its investigation of the Fort Pillow massacre, in which fl troops were not allowed to surrender, and for its expose of the harsh condition of Union prisoners.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/U.S._Congress_Joint_Committee_on_the_Conduct_of_the_War (915 words)

	The Committee on the Conduct of the War: Investigators or Villains?
		Inherent in the Committee's criticism of the president was their belief that Lincoln was basically incompetent in the running of the government and the management of the war, and that Lincoln was in over his head.
		The Committee, too, was sadly lacking in military expertise, yet the members assumed the mantle of overseer to investigate, criticize and condemn the actions of men whose training had been in the art of war.
		The CCW continued to badger Lincoln to replace McClellan, but the president on his part continued to stand his ground, despite his own growing dissatisfaction with his general and his lack of progress in conducting the war.
	www.civilwarinteractive.com /ArticlesCommittee.htm (5159 words)

	Bruce Tap \| Amateurs at War: Abraham Lincoln and the Committee on the Conduct of the War \| Journal of the Abraham ...
		Amateurs at War: Abraham Lincoln and the Committee on the Conduct of the War
		Amateurs at War: Abraham Lincoln and the Committee on the Conduct of the War
		In the committee's eyes such was the case, and to allow Democratic generals to direct the war was counterproductive as well as damaging to the morale of enlisted men.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jala/23.2/tap.html (6594 words)

	Sand Creek Massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sand Creek Massacre (also known as the Chivington Massacre or the Battle of Sand Creek) was an incident in the Indian Wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864 when Colorado Militia troops in the Colorado Territory attacked a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped on the territory's eastern plains.
		These statements were filed with his reports and can be found in the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, and copies of which were submitted as evidence in the Joint Committee of the Conduct of the War, and in separate hearings conducted by the military in Denver.
		Despite the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the Wars' recommendation, justice was never served on those responsible for the massacre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sand_Creek_Massacre (1072 words)

	Ft Pillow Massacre, 1864 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Members of the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War investigated the 1864 massacre of Union soldiers at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
		The committee also investigated the condition of released Union prisoners of war in the spring of 1864.
		The Fort Pillow massacre was investigated by the Union commander of the district of Cairo and by the Committee on the Conduct of the War.
	www.geocities.com /h4900/History-Online/pillow.html (1291 words)

	Radical Republicans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Throughout the Civil War, the Radical faction of the Republican party, though never a majority in the party, was able to dominate the moderate and conservative factions.
		Viewing the war as a fervent crusade against slavery, the abolitionist Radicals advocated the total and uncompromising prosecution of the war against the rebellious South.
		During the war, this influential and zealous group of politicians had been at the forefront of key issues and legislation such as emancipation, fl enlistments, and the 13th Amendment.
	civilwar.bluegrass.net /AftermathAndReconstruction/radicalrepublicans.html (328 words)

	Civil War Pamphlets: Battles and Campaigns - Kansas State Historical Society
		Conduct of the war : report of the Congressional Committee on the Operations of the Army of the Potomac : causes of its inaction and ill success : its several campaigns : why M'Clellan was removed : the battle of Fredericksburg : removal of Burnside.
		Letter of the Secretary of War transmitting in answer to a resolution of the 9th of May, the reports of the officers in command in relation to recent battles at Pittsburg Landing.
		Report [of] the Joint Committee on the Conduct and Expenditure of the War : to whom was referred the resolution of the Senate, directing an inquiry into the origin, progress, and results of the late expedition into Florida.
	www.kshs.org /research/collections/documents/booksmags/civilwarpams/cwpamsbt.htm (2560 words)

	Civilian Interference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In actual practice, the committee, made up of abolitionist Radical Republicans led by Senators Benjamin Franklin Wade and Zachariah Chandler and Rep. George Washington Julian, began a campaign that threatened all the conservative and Democratic generals in the army.
		Hauled before a secret session of the committee, he faced an inquisition without the benefit of counsel, without being told what charges he was facing, and without knowing his accusers or their testimony.
		The Committee on the Conduct of the War continued its political vendettas throughout the war.
	civilwar.bluegrass.net /PoliticsAndPoliticians/civilianinterference.html (346 words)

	Over Lincoln's Shoulder
		Shortly after the beginning of the Civil War, Congress established the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War to investigate such matters as military contracts, trade with the enemy, treatment of the wounded, and the causes of Union defeat.
		The committee's principal members entertained simplistic notions about warfare that led to rash judgments about its conduct, and because its goals were congruent with Republican ideology, its principal criterion in evaluating military leadership was adherence to antislavery beliefs.
		As a result, the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War polarized Congress and the army, limited strategic options, demoralized the Union's top generals, and inflated the reputations of incompetent soldiers.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /tapove.html (533 words)

	This Day in History
		The War Committee, as it was called, was created in the aftermath of the disastrous Battle of Ball's Bluff in October 1861 and was designed to provide a check over the executive branch's management of the war.
		The committee was stacked with Radical Republicans and staunch abolitionists, however, and was often biased in its approach to investigations of the Union war effort.
		The War Committee was often at odds with the Lincoln administration's handling of the war effort, and had particular problems with the administration's military decisions.
	www.historychannel.com /tdih/tdih.jsp?category=civil&month=10272964&day=10272974 (336 words)

	Ethan S. Rafuse \| Typhoid and Tumult: Lincoln's Response to General McClellan's Bout with Typhoid Fever during the ...
		On December 3, Congress voted to establish the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War.
		As the committee conducted its investigations during the last two weeks of December, the critical tone of its operations reflected and reinforced growing public dissatisfaction.
		The council of war on the thirteenth was the last meeting of its kind; Lincoln ceased writing directly to Buell and Halleck; and a few days later, in a conversation with a friend, he expressed great confidence in McClellan.
	jala.press.uiuc.edu /18.2/rafuse.html (6547 words)

	15
		During the war, the North used superior sea power to blockade the Southern coastline, seriously crimping the flow of goods into Confederacy from foreign ports.
		Enemy territory, not the army, was the prime objective of war.
		A relic of 18th-century limited war, Scott nonetheless emerged from the war as the "talk of the army." Most young officers were not inclined, however, to study military theory.
	ppl.nhmccd.edu /~craigl/15.html (1580 words)

	U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Historical Minutes > 1941-1963 > The Truman Committee
		Convinced that waste and corruption were strangling the nation's efforts to mobilize itself for the war in Europe, Truman conceived the idea for a special Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program.
		They also assured the president that the "Truman Committee" would not be able to cause much trouble with a budget of only $15,000 to investigate billions in defense spending.
		During the three years of Truman's chairmanship, the committee held hundreds of hearings, traveled thousands of miles to conduct field inspections, and saved millions of dollars in cost overruns.
	www.senate.gov /artandhistory/history/minute/The_Truman_Committee.htm (462 words)

	VDH's Private Papers::Reflection on 1862
		The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, chaired by an ardent abolitionist, summoned generals to its basement meeting room to answer anonymous charges without the benefit of Constitutional guarantees.
		The 2000 dead in today’s war that convinces critics the whole enterprise is a misguided, costly failure are a bit more than the toll of Union dead at one battle: Shiloh, the first of numerous horrendous, large-scale battles that would ultimately cost 600,000 dead and millions more disabled.
		Many today, however, don’t believe that war is ever justified; their criticisms thus reflect a stealth pacifism that history shows is a luxury purchased by those who will kill for the benefit of those who won’t.
	victorhanson.com /articles/thornton010806.html (1502 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Six: Peace Democrats, Copperheads and ...
		The first manifestation of dissatisfaction with the war effort -- and by extension Lincoln -- came not from the Democrats, however, but from the Congress, which formed the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War in December 1861 to investigate the poor Union showing at Bull Run and Ball's Bluff.
		The North's difficulties in prosecuting the war led Lincoln, in September 1862, to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and impose martial law on those who interfered with recruitment or gave aid and comfort to the rebels.
		Apparently seeking to bolster his candidacy, Vallandigham defied a local military ban against "treasonous activities" and attacked Lincoln's policies, calling for negotiations to end the war and terming it "a war for the freedom of the fls and the enslavement of the whites." Union soldiers subsequently broke into his house and arrested him.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch6_p15.htm (924 words)

	Mackubin Thomas Owens on Iraq War on National Review Online
		Our current president only has to contend with editorial writers from papers that often didn't support the war in the first place and the army of retired generals and admirals that has found employment with the 24-hour news stations.
		Thus, those who opposed the war are using the setbacks to argue "we told you so." Air-power advocates are claiming that the air campaign was too constrained.
		Since Iraqi forces, even the so-called "elite" Republican Guard, are not likely to be confused with the Wehrmacht, the regime has resorted to guerilla warfare, attempting to interdict allied supply lines and to invite coalition forces to kill Iraqi civilians by means of the various ruses reported over the last couple of days.
	www.nationalreview.com /owens/owens032703.asp (817 words)

	Conduct of the War Comm., 1863
		Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War; Washington, Govt.
		LEWIS FRANCIS, being sworn, testified that he resides in Hamilton street, near Park avenue, in the city of Brooklyn; was at the battle of Bull Run as a private in the 14
		I should have perished for want, but a lady named Van Lew sent her slave every other day with food, and supplied me with clothing until January, when the officer in charge of the prison prevented her from sending me any more provisions.
	www.mdgorman.com /Prisons/conduct_of_the_war_comm_1863.htm (432 words)

	Did General Meade Desire To Retreat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This purports to be a passage from General Meade’s testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, as printed in the report of the Committee, and also in the appendix to Mr.
		General Meade’s first quoted dispatch [sp] to General Halleck explicitly states it as a contingency; his testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, shortly to be quoted, also explicitly states it as a contingency; for which, as in the case of any contingency, it is a duty to prepare.
		The reader has now substantially before him, either through testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, or through letters, the statements of the Commanding General and of all the officers present at the council of war on the 2d of July, excepting Generals Hancock, Howard, and Butterfield, present as chief-of-staff.
	www.gdg.org /Research/People/Meade/meadepamph.htm (6874 words)

	This Week in the Civil War March 13, 1864
		The day after General George Meade testified about his role in the Gettysburg battle before the Committee on the Conduct of the War for the second time, the New York Herald published a lengthy article, written anonymously under the name of Historicus, critical of Meade's actions.
		One of the most interesting characters of the war, Sickles, as a New York Congressman, was acquitted of murdering his wife's lover Philip Barton Key, the son of Francis Scott Key, in 1859.
		I am aware of the difficulties you have in maintaining your army....Keep your own counsel; discourage the presence of all strangers; make the citizens feed themselves, and if they are likely to consume the reserves of the country facilitate their removal to the rear.
	www.civilweek.com /1864/mar1364.htm (4679 words)

	Schulers Books (The Campaign of Chancellorsville - 1/39)
		All reference to Gen. Hooker's skill or conduct in this, one of the best conceived and most fatally mismanaged of the many unsuccessful advances of the Army of the Potomac, is made with sincere appreciation of his many admirable qualities, frankly, and untinged by bitterness.
		The most uncalled-for slur upon the conduct of his lieutenants probably occurs in his testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War.
		Before withdrawing from the south side of the Rappahannock, after the decisive events of the battle-field had cooped up the army between the river and its intrenchments, Hooker called together all his corps commanders, and requested their several opinions as to the advisability of attack or retreat.
	www.schulers.com /books/th/c/The_Campaign_of_Chancellorsville (954 words)

	H-Net Review: D. Scott Hartwig on The Union Generals Speak: The Meade Hearings on the Battle of Gettysburg
		A Democrat and advocate of a limited war, he was the antithesis of what the Committee thought the nation needed leading the Army of the Potomac, and they used the Committee's investigate power to undermine his position and work for his removal.
		In the winter of 1864 the Committee went after Army of the Potomac commander Major General George G. Meade, for what they perceived were his failures in the battle of Gettysburg and the pursuit of the Confederate Army after the battle.
		They and the other hearings the Committee conducted during its existence can still be found in libraries in their original form, although they are not well known outside of keen students and scholars of the war.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=33161086954973 (1184 words)

	Mr. Lincoln's White House: George B. McClellan (1826-1885) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On January 6, 1862, President Lincoln called a special cabinet meeting with several generals and the members of the Committee on the Conduct of the War.
		The result was friction between himself and the President, the Secretary of War and the congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War.
		McClellan opposed emancipation and his loyalty to the Union was questioned by members of the Joint Committee on Conduct of the War.
	www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org /inside.asp?ID=137&subjectID=2 (1140 words)

	Kelly - 2004, April 16
		Shortly after the Union defeat at Ball’s Bluff, Va., in the fall of 1861, Congress established the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War.
		The committee’s real aim was to prosecute the war vigorously and punish the South.
		Like the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, the 9/11 Commission is hurting the war effort.
	www.opinioneditorials.com /freedomwriters/kelly_20040416.html (671 words)

	Congressional Committee Profiles
		That road starts in the committees and subcommittees of Congress where members hold hearings, draft, debate, and revise legislation — and where each word is carefully crafted.
		In short, congressional committees are the legislative trenches — and the bigger the bill, the higher the stakes, the more generous the campaign donations to members of the committee with jurisdiction over the issue.
		Lawmakers who win seats on the lucrative banking, tax-writing, or commerce committees quite often enhance their campaign war chests from industries seeking to influence legislative outcomes.
	www.opensecrets.org /cmteprofiles (190 words)

	Moses Fowler Odell (1818-1893) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Odell was elected from the district of Brooklyn (New York's 2nd District) as a Fusion Democrat and then a War Democrat to the 37th and 38th Congresses (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1865).
		He was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (37th Congress) and served on the Indian Affairs Committee.
		On December 10, 1861, as a War Democrat, he accepted an important seat on the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, a body dominated by Radical Republicans.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /chron/civilwarnotes/odell.html (227 words)

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