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Topic: Committees for the Defense of the Revolution

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	The Revolution in Cuba - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		The Cuban Revolution was a widespread uprising in Cuba that overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista (1952-1958) and brought the government of revolutionary leader Fidel Castro to power.
		The revolution established the only communist state in the western hemisphere and produced profound changes in the economic and social structure of Cuban society.
		Committees for the Defense of the Revolution were formed in each neighborhood to ensure that all activities were focused on the preservation of the Revolution's gains.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /the_revolution_in_cuba.htm (437 words)

	Committees for the Defense of the Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (Spanish: Comités de Defensa de la Revolución), or CDR, is a network of committees across Cuba.
		Local CDR members elect the president and vice-president of their chapter and discussion in CDR meetings are generally free, and debates are lively.
		The CDR system was formed on September 28, 1960, following the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista during the Cuban Revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Committees_for_the_Defense_of_the_Revolution (335 words)

	CDR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		HAVANA -- Hailed by President Fidel Castro as the savior of his revolution but decried by others as a Big Brother spy network, Cuba's neighborhood watch system, Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, is marking a 40th anniversary.
		The massive membership of the CDR network is due either to genuine revolutionary conviction or political expediency, according to the testimony of Cubans.
		CDRs' influence over people's lives is shown by the fact that employers normally turn to a committee to check on a job applicant's record.
	xld.com /Cuba/embargo/cdr.htm (840 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		In 1980, the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution were convened to organize “assemblies of repudiation”, at which members could express their reproof of neighbors who wished to leave the country.
		The accused and their defense attorneys were often not informed of the trial until the same day, and the attorneys were rarely informed of the charges during the early years of the regime.
		Nevertheless, there is evidence that the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution have occasionally testified in defense of the accused, and that they have usually obtained a reduction of their sentences.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/iachr/country-reports/cuba1983-ch4.html (2808 words)

	The Cuban Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The constitution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1965 as the highest organ of direction of the Revolution would be a decisive landmark for the unity in the country.
		Among these principles were the constant participation of the people in tasks and decisions of the revolution, the close relationship between the economic development and the social development, the creation of the new man about whom Che talked, the renovation of historic values, mainly Martí’s thought and a more creative application of Marxism-Leninism.
		The Revolution was immersed in the development and perfecting of its work at the time of the collapse of the socialist block and the disintegration of the USSR.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/cuba/revolution.htm (4067 words)

	Cuba - MSN Encarta
		The president is advised by a Council of Ministers composed of the executive officers of all the official government ministries; an Executive Council, made up of the president, first vice president, and five vice presidents; and the Council of State, made up of 30 members of the PCC.
		Its influence is felt in all political institutions, work units, and neighborhoods through its various agencies, such as the Labor Confederation, the Federation of Cuban Women, and the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution—neighborhood committees designed to coordinate public projects and ensure political conformity.
		The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution are neighborhood groups that call meetings to review the meaning of Fidel Castro’s speeches, provide neighborhood watch groups against crime, inform the neighborhood of civil and political activities, and report suspicious political behavior by local residents.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569844_8____125/Cuba.html (1750 words)

	Block committees sound alarm in Venezuela
		To the opponents of the populist former coup leader, the plan smacks of the neighborhood ``snoop'' committees that keep a lid on dissent in Cuba.
		In Cuba, citizens are obligated to take part in neighborhood groups, called Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, that are the eyes and ears of the Communist Party.
		The groups are known for meddling in the affairs of the citizenry, although their activity has lapsed somewhat in recent years.
	www.fiu.edu /~fcf/bloccommitteesven.html (735 words)

	Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) are voluntary non-governmental organizations that finance their own activities through annual dues paid by their members.
		It is one of the responsibilities of each CDR chairperson to convey worries and concerns raised at each meeting to his or her representative in the legislative assembly (Peoples Power), thus the government is incredibly sensitive to the thoughts and needs of the people.
		CDRs are noted for running huge parties, fiestas, and the like several times a year, with dancing in the streets and each household bringing items of food.
	www.hellocuba.ca /itineraries/200CDR.html (370 words)

	II Journal: Cuba's Revolution and Exodus
		To date, analyses of the Cuban revolution focus on the stages of the Cuban revolution, with only a slight mention of the exodus of Cubans as a consequence of the vast upheaval of revolutionary transformation in Cuba.
		He speaks of "the revolution betrayed." From 15 to 19 years old, Rafael Peláez fought side by side with Fidel Castro when he attacked the army barracks of El Moncada on the 26th of July, 1953, the event that triggered the revolution as an armed struggle.
		The revolution we fought for was not red, but verde como las palmas (green as the palm trees), as Fidel himself had said in one of his speeches, and it was to take place through the democratic process." When the armed struggle against Fidel ensued, various political movements developed.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol5no2/pedraza.htm (3082 words)

	Cuba’s Largest Neighborhood Organization Strengthening its Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Las Tunas, Cuba, (P26).-”The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) in the eastern Cuban province of Las Tunas have obtained better results in 2006 than in previous years,” said Juan Jose Rabilero, national coordinator of that grassroots organization.
		He pointed out that, despite several tangible improvements, it is necessary to continue working towards providing better political education for the younger generations and increase the monitoring of social indiscipline, as well as the fight against corruption and crime.
		The CDR´s are the largest grassroots organization in Cuba, made up of some8 million women and men over the age of 14.
	www.periodico26.cu /english/news_tunas/cdr121006.htm (161 words)

	ethiopundit: Politburo Knows Best VI - Defending the Revolution
		In Cuba those organizations are called "Committees for the Defense of the Revolution" and forty five years on they have still not relaxed their grip.
		China’s neighborhood committees have relaxed a of late but once kept track of every sex life and were the fonts of misery during the Cultural Revolution and were likely rejuvenated during the Tianeman massacre and against the Fulan Gong.
		Defense squads also protected public property and enforced land reform measures, but their original function was the essentially political one of rounding up--and often disposing of--suspected government opponents.
	ethiopundit.blogspot.com /2005/05/politburo-knows-best-vi-defending.html (3649 words)

	Cuba 1983 - Chapter II
		The impact of the people’s organizations of the decisions that affect them is probably less in the case of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution and greater in the Asociacion Nacional de Pequenos Agricultores (ANAP) (National Association of Small Farmers).
		The CDRs have other tasks for neighborhood improvement and progress; they call on the citizens to participate in local activities that are important for their existence, but the national government has successfully focused their attention on the long-standing commitment to “vigilance”.
		Of the fourteen members of the Executive Committee of the Council of ministers, eight belong to the political Bureau and all are members of the Central Committee of the Party.
	www.cidh.org /countryrep/Cuba83eng/chap.2.htm (5248 words)

	American vs. Cuban Democracy
		At the base of Cuba's democracy are the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR).
		One member of the CDR was the secretary who kept records of meetings; another was the treasurer who collected 25 centimos from each family every month for block activities; another person was in charge of security and arranged for two people to walk around the block between 11 p.m.
		In 1976, the Committees in Defense of the Revolution were supplemented by setting up election districts -- about 500 voters in each -- to elect a delegate to the district People Power Assembly (PPA).
	www.newhumanist.com /geiser.html (2234 words)

	[No title]
		In connection with these activities, 53,632 competitions were held in all, with the participation of 1,269,340 CDR members throughout the country, from the block to the provincial level.
		The growing activity, seriousness and enthusiasm of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution can be observed in all fields.
		After the 1st Congress we shall enter a new stage of the revolution, with a more advanced level of work on the part of the mass organizations and party, with much more evolved political awareness and with more profound analyses of all our activities.
	lanic.utexas.edu /la/cb/cuba/castro/1975/19750112 (810 words)

	Workers World May 30, 2002: Critical step in Venezuelan revolution
		By definition, a social revolution involves the overturning of one set of property relations, transferring the ownership of industry and resources from one social class to another.
		During the Chinese Revolution, the Chinese Communist Party organized a Red Army that served as an embryonic workers' and peasants' state until it broke the back of the imperialist-backed Chiang Kai-shek government in 1949.
		Key to the continued success of the revolution is the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, organized on a neighborhood basis to both provide services to the community and to defend against counter-revolution.
	www.workers.org /ww/2002/venezuela0530.php (1537 words)

	Politics of Cuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The candidates are otherwise proposed by nominating assemblies, which comprise representatives of workers, youth, women, students and farmers as well as members of the Committees for the Defence of the Revolution, after initial mass meetings soliciting a first list of names.
		The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution are a network of neighbourhood organizations across Cuba and most Cubans are members.
		In addition as a member of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), Cuba was re-appointed as the chair- of the special committee on transportation issues for the Caribbean region[9].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Government_of_Cuba (1575 words)

	A Night of Rumba and Revolution - Matanzas, Cuba, Caribbean/West Indies, Caribbean/West Indies Travel Stories, Cuba, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		A conservatively dressed woman representing the local CDR briefly addressed the crowd, acknowledged the political significance of the occasion and gave an award to one of those present who was recognized for her outstanding community service as a CDR volunteer.
		On the one hand, the CDRs are constructive community organizations that render valuable volunteer services to neighbors for public health and welfare purposes.
		On the other hand, it is a sort of revolutionary watch institution in which the local CDR leadership passes judgment on the political fitness of individuals in connection with desired job promotions and other government controlled benefits.
	www.bootsnall.com /articles/03-05/a-night-of-rumba-and-revolution-matanzas-cuba.html (1429 words)

	Castro seeks to reassure Cubans that his health is stable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Despite the affirmations that all was well, there appeared to be an increase in police patrols in some working-class neighborhoods and in coastal areas that have seen civil disturbances in the past, like during power flouts last summer.
		The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, the government's neighborhood watch group, stepped up volunteer night patrols.
		He apologized for not giving more details, but said the threat posed to his government by the U.S. means his health must be treated as "a state secret," and he called on Cubans to remain calm as they carried out their daily routines.
	www.abcactionnews.com /stories/2006/08/060802castro.shtml (1118 words)

	washingtonpost.com: 1996 International Year in Review
		Around the country, old propaganda signs are being refreshed, new billboards denouncing the U.S. economic embargo are going up, and buildings housing the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution are being repaired.
		The opening salvo in the ideological rollback was fired by Raul Castro, brother of the president and head of the armed forces, in a March 23 speech to a meeting of the party's 212-member Central Committee.
		Academic sources said that committees are reviewing the work of academic centers, their finances and their foreign contacts.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/1996/americas/cuba.htm (1284 words)

	The Randi Rhodes Show on Air America Radio
		The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, the government's neighborhood watch group, stepped up its volunteer night patrols, and the pro-government Rapid Action Brigades - used in the past to handle civil disturbances - were placed on standby.
		He apologized for not giving more details, but said the threat posed to his government by the U.S. means his health must be treated as "a state secret," and he called on Cubans to remain calm as they carried out their daily routines.
		They said they expected the government to be on the defensive, with a high security presence and a low tolerance for political acts.
	www.therandirhodesshow.com /live/node/3714 (1106 words)

	Defending Cuba’s socialist revolution [S&L Magazine]
		This single fact—along with later monumental social gains and public declarations that the revolution was socialist—established the Cuban revolution as a socialist, working-class revolution.
		On Sept. 28, 1960, the revolutionary government announced the creation of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution—neighborhood-based groups across the country set up to protect and extend the gains of the revolution.
		Defense of Cuba and the other socialist countries is a litmus test for that defense.
	socialismandliberation.org /mag/index.php?aid=639 (3146 words)

	The Spy Game
		There are striking similarities between both plans and Cuba's Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs), which are neighborhood watch groups used by Fidel Castro's government to gather intelligence on the activities of the Cuban people.
		The fact that the CDRs have been repeatedly criticized in the U.S. State Department's annual human rights reports has not diminished the enthusiasm of the Bush and Uribe administrations to implement their own versions of Cuba's domestic spy program.
		Like the CDR program in Cuba and the TIPS plan in the United States, Uribe's proposal calls on Colombian citizens to spy on their friends and neighbors.
	www.colombiajournal.org /colombia123.htm (975 words)

	News - Cuba - Not Easily Intimidated - Alejandro Bermudez - Catholic World Report - March 2000
		The purpose of the Council was to lay the groundwork for a new surge of evangelization in the island nation.
		Paya formed the group despite his recognition that the creation of such an organization, which was technically illegal, would attract the hostility of Cuba’s ubiquitous and powerful Committees for the Defense of the Revolution—hostility that would inevitably be focused on himself, his family, and his followers.
		Since the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution keep a careful eye on every neighborhood, most Cubans were reluctant to sign such a controversial petition.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/cwr/March00/Cuba.html (1855 words)

	The Cuban Revolution, Chapter 9
		While the Spanish Revolution, in the period of struggle against the existing order as well as the period of social-political reconstruction, was the work of the great masses of workers and peasants, the Cuban Revolution was propelled by a minority of self-sacrificing dedicated revolutionaries.
		Many provincial executive committees of labor unions and industry-wide federations were militarized, and committee people ostentatiously displayed their uniforms and insignia of rank.
		Castro's second-in-command Commandante Camillo Cienfuegos, in defense of his chief, appealed to the famous slogan "the people in arms." The slogan was widely circulated in a vain attempt to justify the hated militarism of the new regime.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/bright/dolgoff/cubanrevolution/chapter9.html (14253 words)

	Politics - Printer Friendly
		The Executive Committee of the Council of Ministers is the body that handles the details of Cuba's day-to-day administration.
		These committees were formed in the wake of the Bay of Pigs invasion in order to protect national security and spread loyalty to the revolution at the grassroots level.
		These committees do vital community work: they collect blood for hospitals, organize graduation parties, and act as response teams in emergencies and natural disasters.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/cuba/profile/politics.html.pf (446 words)

	Socialist Viewpoint
		We were also able to talk to rank and file members of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs), the People’s Power (PP) assemblies and the CP in various regions of Havana and two towns outside Havana, Santa Cruz del Norte and Jaruco.
		Another function of the CDRs is to organize the nominations for the elections to the local PP assemblies.
		Rather, they want the revolution and the political power of the workers and farmers overthrown, and the control by U.S. capitalists and their government re-established.
	www.socialistviewpoint.org /oct_02/oct_02_16.html (1331 words)

	American Experience \| Fidel Castro \| Timeline \| PBS
		One of the most popular comandantes of the revolution, his death is to this day shrouded in mystery.
		With his brother Raúl as minister of defense, Ché Guevara in charge of Cuba's Central Bank and himself as prime minister, Fidel Castro holds the reins of power firmly in hand.
		September 28: In an address to the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution Castro warns "we know the rules of the game." With its enemies "the saboteurs, the worms, the parasites," the revolution would be "harsh, implacable and inflexible." People defined as anti-social -- homosexuals, hippies, artists -- are rounded up.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/castro/timeline (3272 words)

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