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Topic: Commodity exchange

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	Commodity markets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Commodity money and commodity markets in a crude early form are believed to have originated in Sumeria where small baked clay tokens in the shape of sheep or goats were used in trade.
		Some argue that this is not so much a commodity market but more of an assassination market speculating on the survival (or not) of Saddam or other leaders whose personal decisions may cause oil supply to fluctuate by military action.
		Commodity thinking is undergoing a more direct revival thanks to the theorists of "natural capital" whose products, some economists argue, are the only genuine commodities - air, water, and calories we consume being mostly interchangeable when they are free of pollution or disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commodity_markets (2805 words)

	Exchange value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This first part says that the value of commodities as they are exchanged for each other –- or when stated in terms of money units, their prices –- are very different from their value in use to human beings, their use-value.
		That is, all commodities are social products of labor, created and exchanged by a community, with each commodity producer contributing his or her time to the societal division of labor.
		In fact, one of his major themes (the theory of “commodity fetishism”) is that the system of commodity exchange that dominates capitalism obscures the class nature of that institution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exchange_value (2863 words)

	Economic Manuscripts: Medium of Exchange
		The real exchange of commodities, that is the social metabolic process, constitutes a transformation in which the dual nature of the commodity -- commodity as use-value and as exchange-value -- manifests itself; but the transformation of the commodity itself is, at the same time, epitomised in certain forms of money.
		Commodities, as we have seen, constitute fully developed exchange-value only when a world of commodities and consequently a really developed system of division of labour is presupposed; in the same manner circulation presupposes that acts of exchange are taking place everywhere and that they are being continuously renewed.
		The commodity which was not a use-value in the hands of its owner exists now in a form in which it is always useful because it can always be exchanged, and it depends on circumstances when and at which point in the world of commodities it will again be thrown into circulation.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/ch02_2.htm (3183 words)

	NATIONAL COMMODITY EXCHANGE LIMITED
		The establishment of the exchange is the continuation of economic policies of the government to stimulate investment in the country, regulate trading in commodities and document the national economy.
		One of the important objective of the exchange which would have a positive impact on exports is that it will communicate with the chambers of commerce and other mercantile and public bodies in and outside the country for the protection of the commodity trade.
		The commodity exchange though a new concept in Pakistan will provide an opportunity for the investors — both local and foreign no matter wherever they are located in the world, in the futures trading of the commodities.
	www.pakistaneconomist.com /database1/cover/c2003-2.asp (2034 words)

	Economic Manuscripts: Critique of Political Economy. The Commodity
		The equivalence of commodities is just as independent of the physical divisibility of their use-values as the summation of the exchange-values of commodities is unaffected by the changes which the use-values of the commodities may undergo in the course of their transformation into a single new commodity.
		The commodity which has been set apart as the universal equivalent is now an object which satisfies a universal need arising from the exchange process itself, and has the same use-value for everybody – that of being carrier of exchange-value or a universal medium of exchange.
		On the other hand, they become commodities only within the limits set by their immediate use-value, even when this function is polarised so that the commodities to be exchanged by their owners must be use-values for both of them, but each commodity must be a use-value for its non-owner.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/ch01.htm (8231 words)

	ERS/USDA Data - agricultural exchange rate database
		It includes both nominal and real exchange rates for 80 countries (plus the European Union) as well as real trade-weighted exchange rate indexes for many commodities and aggregations.
		Nominal Annual Country Exchange Rates are based on the nominal monthly series for the 80 countries.
		Exchange Rate Weights includes annual average trade-weighted exchange rate indexes for the 54 monthly commodity indexes.
	www.ers.usda.gov /Data/ExchangeRates (581 words)

	FRB: Testimony, Greenspan -- The Commodity Exchange Act and OTC derivatives -- July 30, 1998
		This hearing was prompted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's issuance of a concept release on regulation of OTC derivatives and subsequent calls for a standstill of attempts by the CFTC to impose new regulations on these markets.
		The Commodity Exchange Act of 1936 and its predecessor the Grain Futures Act of 1922 were a response to the perceived problems of manipulation of grain markets that were particularly evident in the latter part of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries.
		Thus, unlike commodities whose supply is limited to a particular growing season and finite carryover, the markets for financial instruments and their derivatives are deep and, as a consequence, are extremely difficult to manipulate.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/testimony/1998/19980730.htm (2293 words)

	commodity exchange -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The oldest commodity exchange in the United States is the Chicago Board of Trade.
		Today the variety of commodities handled by exchanges is much greater: live cattle and pigs, coffee, cocoa, cotton, eggs, frozen-concentrate orange juice, pork bellies (uncured bacon slabs), plywood and...
		Commodity exchanges might more accurately be called futures contracts exchanges” because that is the business in which they are engaged.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9273751?tocId=9273751 (967 words)

	Commodity
		Commodities are most often used as inputs in the production of other goods or services.
		When they are traded on an exchange, commodities must also meet specified minimum standards, also known as a basis grade.
		The sale and purchase of commodities is usually carried out through futures contracts on exchanges that standardize the quantity and minimum quality of the commodity being traded.
	www.investopedia.com /terms/c/commodity.asp (499 words)

	CBC Manitoba - Floor falls silent at Commodity Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		A century of shouting, colourful coats and specialized hand signals came to an end Friday at the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange, as computers take over the job of matching buy and sell orders from floor traders.
		Exchange vice president William Hill knows the change will be tough for some people.
		The Winnipeg Commodity Exchange (WCE) began 117 years ago as a cash grain marketplace.
	www.cbc.ca /manitoba/story/mb_commodity-exchange-20041217.html (458 words)

	Commodity exchange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Commodities exchange, an exchange where various commodities and derivatives products are traded.
		Commodity Exchange (COMEX), now a division of the New York Mercantile Exchange
		The National Commodities and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) in India
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commodity_exchange (106 words)

	National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX) - Growing commodities exchange counts on Stratus fault ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The exchange’s specifications required a robust, fault-tolerant, tested, and scalable hardware platform to support the core commodities trading application provided by OMX Technology of Stockholm, Sweden.
		Also important to the exchange was that its server provider would relate to them more as a business partner, rather than solely a hardware supplier.
		The exchange introduced a method for discovering near real-time spot prices that represent the thousands of dispersed marketplaces; this pricing is then reflected in the online trading system.
	www.stratus.com /products/reference/ncdex.htm (870 words)

	First multi-commodity exchange to start by Sep
		Mumbai-based Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd or MCX, an independent and demutualised exchange plans to bring major changes in the commodities sector by introducing a platform for traders and poor farmers.
		Till date commodities trading is carried out in about 7500 mandies (small markets) and over 30 major markets in cities across India in an organised way in cash on daily basis.
		When asked as to how the exchange will benefit poor farmers, Massey said MCX will help to organise themselves as cooperatives and decide about the market prices of their commodities.
	www.rediff.com /money/2003/jun/28mcx.htm (386 words)

	Microsoft Asia Case Studies: Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The commodities market in India is vast, with over 30 major markets in operation alongside 7,500 small localized markets (known as ‘Mandies').
		Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX), an independent and demutualized multi-commodity exchange, was amongst the first organizations to receive a mandate to commission a nationwide multi-commodity trading platform in February 2003.
		With Exchange operations being technology centric, the MCX Management Team had intensive discussions on the best alternative to fulfill its business objectives and at the same time successfully comply with the requirements of the Ministry.
	www.microsoft.com /asia/case/casedetail.asp?casestudyid=15061 (1947 words)

	domain-B : organisation : Multi Commodity Exchange of India : MCX constitutes a high-powered board and advisory board
		Mumbai: Multi Commodity Exchange of India (www.mcxindia.com), a demutualised and independent multi-commodity exchange, has announced the appointment of prominent industry leaders with combined industry experience of more than 30 decades to the MCX board at the board meeting held yesterday.
		The role of the advisory board is to lend its expertise to the exchange in areas related to business rules, bye-laws, settlement procedures, arbitration framework, and create a world-class commodity exchange.
		MCX is currently finalising representations from other key commodity segments to be included in the advisory board.
	domain-b.com /organisation/multi_commodity_exchange/20031010_board.htm (301 words)

	ZIMACE Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Zimace, which was established in 1994, was Africa's first agricultural commodity exchange.
		Volumes of commodities traded at ZIMACE have increased by an average of 35 percent a year since 1994, reflecting the growing popularity of the exchange as farmers take advantage of the partially liberalized agricultural marketing system.
		The Exchange's main objective is to facilitate trade by Zimbabwean farmers and buyers in agricultural commodities based on a free market system and to provide daily prices of farm produce.
	www.samara.co.zw /zimace (112 words)

	COMMODITY EXCHANGES
		A commodity market that deals in futures contracts (Brent and Dubai crude oil, gas oil, leaded and unleaded gasoline, naphtha and heavy fuel oil), as well as in options (Brent crude and gas oil).
		A commodity market for grain, dealing in futures contracts for spring wheat and white wheat, and, on the cash market, for barley, maize, drum wheat, flaxseed, oats, rye, soya beans, spring wheat and sunflower seeds.
		The NYMEX in its current form was created in 1994 by the merger of the former New York Mercantile Exchange and the Commodity Exchange of New York (COMEX).
	www.wu-wien.ac.at /usr/h92/h9208766/seit3.html (794 words)

	Business Wire: Central Japan Commodity Exchange to Commence U.S. Dollar-Denominated Gold Futures Trading in 2005
		Although there is a yen-denominated gold futures market (precious metal market at the Tokyo Commodity Exchange) in Japan, traders currently are unable to fully hedge the risks due to the fluctuation of the exchange ratio.
		Central Japan Commodity Exchange (C-COM) was established through the merger of three commodity exchanges in Central Japan (Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture) in 1996.
		In order to enhance the reliance and the convenience of the markets, the Exchange is preparing for the formation of an outside clearing house (to be opened in May 2005), which will serve as a common platform for all seven commodity exchanges in Japan.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2004_August_25/ai_n6169819 (794 words)

	SECP okays OTC, commodity exchange -DAWN - Business; May 17, 2002
		He said that Karachi Stock Exchange had 40 per cent shares in the NCEL while remaining shares were owned by Lahore and Islamabad stock exchanges besides Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan and Asian Development Bank.
		The exchange would be fully operational by September this year, and till then the SECP would finalize rules and regulations governing the futures contracts.
		He believed that the emergence of trading in futures contracts in commodities would provide investors and stakeholders with basic hedging instruments, enable economic players to lock in costs and would also help stimulate the investment climate in the country.
	www.dawn.com /2002/05/17/ebr1.htm (392 words)

	ZAMBIA AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AGENCY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		ZACA, the Zambian Agricultural Commodity Agency Limited is a warehouse certification organization dealing in maize, wheat and Soyabeans, representing various groups with a stake in the agricultural industry such as farmers, traders, millers, bankers, insurers, warehouse operators, inspection companies, NGO's, etc.
		The Zambian Agricultural Commodity Agency Limited, ZACA, is a stakeholder-owned agency, which is arms-length from Government, and has been established for the primary purpose of certifying and regulating warehouse operators issuing transferable warehouse receipts in Zambia.
		The project was funded by the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC), an inter-governmental organization based in Amsterdam and was implemented in Ghana, Ethiopia and Zambia.
	www.zaca.com.zm (2624 words)

	National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited
		NCDEX is the only commodity exchange in the country promoted by national level institutions.
		NCDEX is a nation-level, technology driven de-mutualized on-line commodity exchange with an independent Board of Directors and professionals not having any vested interest in commodity markets.
		It is committed to provide a world-class commodity exchange platform for market participants to trade in a wide spectrum of commodity derivatives driven by best global practices, professionalism and transparency.
	www.ncdex.com /about_us/profile.aspx (364 words)

	Winnipeg Commodity Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		1.1 The Exchange is a commodities futures exchange established in 1887, and operates a futures and options exchange for contracts traded on canola, flaxseed, feed wheat, feed barley, oats and field peas.
		One of the mandates of the Demutualization Committee was to determine an appropriate share allocation methodology relating to the ultimate distribution of Holdings shares to WCE Members as part of the Demutualization.
		The Demutualization Committee recommended, and the Board of Governors accepted, that a membership-based model whereby all WCE Members receive an equal number of shares regardless of their membership category or any other criteria, was the most appropriate model.
	www.msc.gov.mb.ca /orders/wce_2.html (981 words)

	US CODE: Title 7,CHAPTER 1—COMMODITY EXCHANGES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Registration of associates of futures commission merchants, commodity pool operators, and commodity trading advisors; required disclosure of disqualifications; exemptions for associated persons
		Use of mails or other means or instrumentalities of interstate commerce by commodity trading advisors and commodity pool operators; relation to other law
		Registration of commodity trading advisors and commodity pool operators; application; expiration and renewal; record keeping and reports; disclosure; statements of account
	www4.law.cornell.edu /uscode/7/ch1.html (409 words)

	Commodity - Investment-Market.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Commodity and Stock Trading information includes stock market trading courses, commodity trading courses, options, futures, charts, trading software, penny stocks, and lots more.
		The word commodity is a term with distinct meanings in business and in Marxian political economy...
		Commodity Charts & Quotes - Free Commodity Charts & Quotes - Free Welcome to TFC Commodity Charts - the free source of daily commodity futures and financial market information.
	www.investment-market.com /top-search/Commodity.htm (729 words)

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