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Topic: Common Germanic

	Germanic peoples - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Germanic peoples are defined by their usage of the Germanic languages, idioms descended from Proto-Germanic (spoken during the final centuries BC, the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe).
		The concept of "Germanic" as a distinct ethnic identity was hinted at by the early Greek geographer Strabo [1], who distinguished a barbarian group in northern Europe similar to, but not part of, the Celts.
		Some of the Germanic tribes are frequently blamed in popular depictions of the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germanic_peoples (2763 words)

	Germanic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The common ancestor of all languages comprising this branch is Common Germanic, spoken in approximately the latter mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age Northern Europe.
		Common Germanic, and all its descendants, is characterized by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously the consonant change known as Grimm's law.
		All Germanic languages are thought to be descended from a hypothetical Proto-Germanic, united by their having been subjected to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germanic_languages (1632 words)

	Common Germanic language
		Germanic linguistics was the first to be researched deeply and thoroughly already since the beginning of the 19th century.
		Germanic tribes came to Europe, as we may suppose, from Asia through lands along the Volga, then via Eastern Europe, and settled in the north of Europe, colonizing also Scandinavia.
		Germanic words have cognates in Baltic, Slavic, Italic, Celtic, Venetic, Illyrian, Indic languages, and it is impossible to detect the closest language by these numerous cognates.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/germanic.html (366 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germanic languages : Common Characteristics (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Strong evidence for the unity of all the modern Germanic languages can be found in the phenomenon known as the first Germanic sound shift or consonant shift (also called Grimm's law), which set the Germanic subfamily apart from the other members of the Indo-European family.
		Also peculiar to the Germanic languages is the recessive accent, whereby the stress usually falls on the first or root syllable of a word, especially a word of Germanic origin.
		Lastly, vocabulary furnished evidence of a common origin for the Germanic languages in that a number of the basic words in these languages are similar in form; however, while word similarity may indicate the same original source for a group of languages, it can also be a sign of borrowing.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GermancLan-common-characteristics.html (568 words)

	Swedish language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Swedish is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages.
		Rinkeby Swedish (after Rinkeby, a heavily segregated suburb of northern Stockholm) is a common name for varieties of Swedish spoken by second and third generation immigrants, especially among younger speakers, primarily in western suburbs of Stockholm and to a lesser degree in Malmö and Gothenburg.
		As in other Germanic languages there are definite and indefinite articles, but indicating the definite form of a noun is done mainly by a suffix which varies according to gender (-n/-t).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Swedish_language (5900 words)

	[No title]
		Common seme' charges were lions rampant (1), castles of three towers (1), wolves passant (2), cauldrons (2), saltorels (2), roundels (2), and fleur-de-lys (3).
		A bordure or chief, was a common symbol of cadency or differencing.
		German examples are the Turnip and the Garlic.Other types of fruits and vegetables weren't used, though easily identifiable fruits and vegetables common in Europe might have been used, especially for a cant.
	www.s-gabriel.org /heraldry/lothar/regional-style-draft.txt (9313 words)

	Germanic religion. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Although it is possible to perceive certain basic concepts that were important to the pre-Christian Germans, there was no Germanic religion common to all the Scandinavian and Teutonic peoples; neither can we know whether a ritual or legend peculiar to one Germanic tribe was common to all Germanic tribes.
		Conversion of the Germans to Christianity began as early as the 4th cent.
		In Germanic religion the dead were believed to retain their faculties and to affect the fate of the living.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/GermancRe.html (802 words)

	Germanic Languages
		The East Germanic branch of the Germanic languages was spoken by the Germanic speaking people who, in the second through fourth centuries C. E., migrated first to the Danube and Black Sea areas from the Germanic homeland.
		The Germanic branch of Indo-European is a centum language, characterized by systematic change in initial stops, a stress accent on the first syllable of the root, by the productive use of ablaut in verbs, by the use of a dental suffix in verb morphology, and by the use of strong and weak adjective conjugations.
		West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Common source
		In 1786, in a paper delivered to the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, he proposed that these languages, as well as Germanic and Celtic languages were descended from a common source, Indo-European, which was probably first spoken between 5,000 and 3,000 B.C.E. (see Millward 51-2).
		The English language is a member of the Germanic family of languages, which is itself a subset of the Indo-European family of languages (IE).
		In the second person singular, the letter that resembles a 'p' in initial position is a "thorn": a character derived from the runic alphabet that has the values of the "th" combination in present-day English.
	wiz.cath.vt.edu /hel/helmod/pre.html (563 words)

	Why Common Germanic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Germanic language make up one of the most widely used and learned group of languages, being the mother tongues of more than 500 million people, and a second language of hundreds of millions of people.
		Germanic languages have many common features, such as weak/strong nouns, cases, strong/weak verbs, making a common Germanic language needing such things.
		As a person who already speaks English, German, Dutch, Danish, Frisian, Swedish, or any other Germanic language, Common Germanic should be quite easy for you to learn.
	home.comcast.net /~modean52/cg_why_common_germanic.htm (102 words)

	Germany (East) Origins, Language, and Culture - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		The Germanic people were originally organized into numerous small tribes that gradually united into larger groups in order to increase their political and military power as they spread across and conquered much of Europe.
		Modern German, which belongs to the family of Indo-European languages, evolved from proto-Germanic or Common Germanic, the collection of languages spoken by the tribes that inhabited the area.
		The new written German was championed by literary societies and improved upon by grammarians and stylists in the seventeenth century and eventually adopted, in a refined form, by some of the great German writers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, such as Gotthold Lessing, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Johann von Schiller.
	www.photius.com /countries/germany_east/society/germany_east_society_origins_language_a~8416.html (1188 words)

	Old English Language Grammar by Cyril Babaev
		Germanic tribes from Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany, pushed from their densely populated homelands, looked for a new land to settle.
		Though Gothic is referred to the East Germanic subgroup of languages, its similar sounds, morphological forms and vocabulary with Old English, Old High German, Old Scandinavian and other ancient Germanic languages are quite frequent.
		One of the main phonological and morphological instruments in Common Germanic and practically in all Germanic languages was the Ablaut, the vowel interchange in the root of nouns and verbs.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/archive/grammar41.html (4178 words)

	Heathen History
		Although the heathen Germanic people were literate, they tended to use their runic alphabet sparsely.
		As the various Germanic kingdoms were converted to Christinity, during a period spaning 400-1000 CE, they were exposed to Latin and the concept of writing down history on velum or parchment, with pen and ink.
		It is mainly from these early Germanic-Christian treatices (from various Germanic nations and ranging in date from about CE 600-1300), that we gain knowledge of the ancient religion of the Germanic folk.
	www.wyrdwords.vispa.com /heathenry/reconstruction.html (624 words)

	Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000
		In the so-called centum languages” (comprising Greek, Italic, Germanic, and Celtic), the palatal velars become plain velars and the labiovelars at first remained, while in the satem”; languages (Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic, and Armenian), the labiovelars became plain velars and the palatals became sibilants.
		The reconstruction of a protolanguage—the common ancestor of a family of spoken or attested languages—has a further implication.
		A common word for religious “formulation,” *bhregh-men-, may be preserved in Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, from Sanskrit, although the etymology is controversial.
	www.bartleby.com /61/8.html (9441 words)

	GERMAN AND ENGLISH
		We distinguish a) common root words (= cognates) from the common Germanic past, when the Anglo-Saxons were still direct neighbors of other German tribes, (types: "finger," "water") and b) common loan words from the Greek, Latin and French (types: "telescope," "battalion").
		In this segment we concentrate on the Germanic commonalities.
		Germans are very fond of dogs and introduced many breeds to the United States: Schnauzer, Dachshund, Spitz, Doberman, Poodle, Pincher, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Weimaraner, German Shorthair.
	www.serve.com /shea/germusa/englgerm.htm (558 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Traditionally, the Germanic family is divided up into three branches, with the languages within each showing a closer relationship to each other than to the languages in the other branches.
		East Germanic is the name given to the languages spoken by various groups that headed south and east from the Germanic homeland to wreak havoc in the first couple centuries CE.
		First, Germanic replaced the aspect-based system of PIE with a tense-based one, and second, it introduced an entirely new means of forming the past tenses for certain verbs, but maintained the Indo-European means for others.
	ifla.uni-stuttgart.de /~tom/SS2005_HistEng/lect3_gmc.html (2756 words)

	Germanic languages
		Germanic languages, subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, spoken by about 470 million people in many parts of the world, but chiefly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
		German language - German language, member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European...
		Germanic languages: Common Characteristics - Common Characteristics Strong evidence for the unity of all the modern Germanic languages can be...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0820622.html (140 words)

	BabelStone : Keyboard Layouts : Runic
		The original "Common Germanic FuÃ¾ark" comprising twenty-four letters was developed on Continental Europe, but spread throughout Scandanavia, as far as Iceland, Greenland and Orkney; as well as to Anglo-Saxon England.
		Each of these four runes could be considered to be simply graphic variants of the same runic letter (as suggested by their common name, which is the word for "hail" in the various languages), but as they are graphically distinct they are each encoded as separate characters.
		The Common Germanic and long-branch runes all map to lower case letters, whereas the short-twig runes all map to upper case letters.
	www.babelstone.co.uk /Keyboards/Runic.html (1942 words)

	The Origins of Germania - Dream and Nightmare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		German hereditary researchers created the basis for a number of outrageous racial laws that cost the lives of millions of Jews, and historians and archaeologists constructed out of nothing a prehistorisk Great Germania, that made the common German accept Germany's demand of a Lebensraum.
		The vast majority of German archaeologists agreed at the time, that it was the culture of the Bronze Age which could first be described as Germanic.
		It was during those years common knowledge that the culture originated as a combination of two older cultures, the Battle Axe culture and the Megalithic culture.
	www.skepticreport.com /mystics/urgermania.htm (2158 words)

	Old English Lexicon (appendix to the Old English Grammar): an article by Cyril Babaev
		The very question of contacts between Germans and Slavs in the prehistoric period is rather complicated, no historical evidence exists, and moreover, Slavic languages are very similar to Baltic ones, and one can hardly discover if this or that word used to be Slavic or Baltic originally.
		Such words denoting things which were not common for Germanic people include dry' 'a druid' from Celtic drui'; bratt 'a coat', cumb 'a valley', etc. One of them is the usual English word down, Old English du'n from Celtic *dunum 'a hill'.
		Common Germanic words include first of all those which were used in everyday life and were common both in poetry and in texts:
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article19.html (1993 words)

	NICOLE homepage
		The Germanic languages in Europe, like German, Dutch and the Scandinavian languages are still healthy languages, which, due to immigration and other factors, continue their expansion in certain groups.
		We believe that there is a lack of a Germanic heritage focus in the teaching of the mother tongues in the Germanic language region, which leads to a lack of awareness of Germanic history and linguistic similarities.
		The common student seems to lack strategies on how to acquire a general competence in adapting to a language (other than mother tongue and English) by use of association methods and awareness of general linguistics.
	www.statvoks.no /sigurd/projinfo.htm (764 words)

	Germanic Linguistics
		The Germanic languages is a subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which were spoken by about 420 million people in many parts of the world (chiefly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere).
		These modern North Germanic languages are all descendants of Old Norse and have several distinctive grammatical features in common.
		The West Germanic languages are English, Frisian, Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans, German, and Yiddish.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Atrium/3993/germanics/grm_linguistics.htm (2365 words)

	[No title]
		According to the initial division of Germanic languages, mainly five languages, English, German, Dutch, North Germanic and Gothic were used in the study.
		Let’s admit such location of the model that the area of Anglos ancestors covered the former area of Italics between the Teterev, Pripyat’ and Sluch rivers, the area of modern Germans ancestors is situated in the former area of Illyrians among the Sluch, West Bug and Pripyat’ rivers.
		German word is more similar to Tur baldiran “a kind of parsley” and other Türkic names of this plant (in Balkar, Tartarian and Altaian).
	www.geocities.com /valentyn_ua/AO23.doc (2186 words)

	loanwords
		The state of the language at the end of the Proto-Germanic period is called Common Germanic, denoting the time during which East Germanic was just beginning to diverge from North and West Germanic such that common changes occuring in those two dialects might show up only incompletely, or not at all, in East Germanic.
		The Common Germanic period is placed in the first and second centuries C.E., and East Germanic seems to have become distinct from the remaining Common Germanic language stock during the second century.
		North and West Germanic became distinct from one another by about 400 C.E. English is the descendent of a West Germanic dialect that arrived in present-day England from the European mainland during the fifth century.
	www.unc.edu /~bmize/hel/loanwords (1475 words)

	Wordhoard
		Appendix A: The Common Germanic or Elder Futhark
		Common Era, the manner of dating most commonly used in the Occident.
		It is unrelated to the use of the runes or galdor.
	wodening.ealdriht.org /runes/wordhord.html (639 words)

	The Mavens' Word of the Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Germanic and Romance languages don't derive from Iranian and Indian.
		Rather, they are all members of a large family of languages that derive from a common ancestor.
		Since we know that Greek, Hittite, and Sanskrit were distinct languages by 1600 B.C., we can assume that the community of original speakers of Proto-Indo-European had broken up well before that and that their language had given way to its successors as the people migrated.
	www.randomhouse.com /wotd/index.pperl?date=20000126 (486 words)

	A History of the English Language
		North Germanic evolved into the modern Scandinavian languages of Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic (but not Finnish, which is related to Estonian and is not an Indo-European language).
		West Germanic is the ancestor of modern German, Dutch, Flemish, Frisian, and English.
		West Germanic invaders from Jutland and southern Denmark: the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, began populating the British Isles in the fifth and sixth centuries AD.
	www.freewebtown.com /dazedandconfused (2195 words)

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