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Topic: Common Grackle

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	Common Grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) is a large flbird with yellow eyes and a long keel-shaped tail.
		Grackles are in a family of birds called troupials, from their habit of forming large troupes, or flocks.
		The grackle has a larger, heavier bill, and the full tail of the grackle usually is obvious (though sometimes flbirds in spring hold their tails in a similar manner, briefly).
	thebirdguide.com /sample/cogr.htm (686 words)

	Common Grackle
		Rising (1974) reported common grackles as a common summer resident near water in western Kansas, and found the largest number of breeding birds in the northwestern corner of that state.
		Effect of Habitat Alteration: The positive response to the presence of large breeding densities in shelterbelts and residential habitats is indicative of the benefit that common grackles have obtained from the extensive alteration of native habitats in the study area.
		Common grackles are highly synchronous in their nesting activities (Faanes 1976), thus virtually all pairs in a colony are at the same stage of the nesting cycle during the same time period.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/birds/platte/species/quisquis.htm (473 words)

	Birds, Familiar: Common Grackle, Life Histories of North American Birds, A.C. Bent
		The grackle approached the sparrow and as the smaller bird flew away, the attacker seized its prey in its beak and gave it several hard shakes, with the body of the sparrow hitting the hard concrete pavement.
		The purple grackle is highly gregarious at all seasons; even during the nesting season the birds often breed in sizable communities; and those that are not incubating resort to communal roosts at night.
		Field marks.--The grackles are the largest of our northern flbirds and have the longest tails; these are wedge-shaped and rounded or graduated at the end; and the male often carries his tail keeled, the middle feathers lower than the others.
	home.bluemarble.net /~pqn/ch41-50/grackle.html (5155 words)

	AllRefer.com - grackle (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		The plumage of the purple, or common, grackle of the Atlantic coastal region is fl with metallic hues, iridescent in the sunlight.
		The bronzed grackle, which interbreeds with the purple, is found further inland and W to the Rocky Mts.; in the South are found the Florida and boat-tailed grackles, in Texas and Mexico the great-tailed grackles, or jackdaws.
		Grackles are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Passeriformes, family Icteridae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/grackle.html (211 words)

	Common Grackle Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Common Grackle, an abundant permanent resident throughout Florida, breeds in most areas of North America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of the tundra.
		Grackles are gregarious, and during the winter months they often form large foraging flocks that number in the thousands.
		The nest of the Common Grackle may be built in trees at almost any height or in bushes or cattails within 61 cm (2 ft) of the ground or water.
	wld.fwc.state.fl.us /bba/COGR.htm (369 words)

	common grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Common Grackle is a medium-sized bird which looks like a smaller version of a crow.
		Male Grackles have a purple irridescence (a shiny purple glow).
		Common Grackles can sometimes cause damage to crops when they are in large numbers in mixed flocks.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/common_grackle.htm (283 words)

	Common Grackle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Common Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula, is a large (Common fl European thrush) flbird.
		Adults have a long dark bill, a pale yellowish eye and a long tail; their (The light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds) plumage is an (Click link for more info and facts about iridescent) iridescent fl.
		In some areas, they are now considered a pest by farmers because of their large numbers and fondness for grain.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Co/Common_Grackle.htm (325 words)

	BISON Species Account 040615 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Common grackles summer and migrate in the east and west to the upper and middle Rio Grande Valley and vicinity and occasionally to the San Juan Valley.
		Common grackles are rare migrants at the White Sands National Monument, in Dona Ana and Otero counties 36.
		The common grackle was listed as an occasional transient (spring and fall) in the Sandia and Manzanita Mountains, within the Cibola National Forest (Bernalillo County) (Schwarz, 1995) 45.
	www.fw.vt.edu /fishex/nmex_main/species/040615.htm (1518 words)

	Common Grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		One of the most common nesting species in Ohio, grackles have thrived in their association with man. They are very adaptable in their choice of nest sites and the habitats they can utilize, avoiding only the interiors of large woodlands.
		Grackles are one of the common and characteristic species observed along riparian corridors during the nesting season.
		Along Big Darby Creek this was the fourth most common species found during a census of the breeding birds found along this stream.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /htdocs/dnap/rivbirds/grackle.htm (103 words)

	Use of Wood Duck Nest Boxes by Common Grackles
		A factor influencing Wood Duck and Common Grackle interaction is the amount of overlap in their nesting seasons.
		Grackle nests in nest boxes were concentrated each year on the west end of the island.
		Grackles also built nests in the dense vegetation on the west end of the island, but we did not attempt to find all of these nests.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v055n04/p0482-p0483.html (1574 words)

	Wildbird & Backyard - Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Common Grackles can be found throughout the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains.
		Common Grackles are large, iridescent fl birds (11 to 13.5 inches in length), with pale yellow eyes, a long sharp fl bill, and long tails.
		Although they may appear to be all fl, in good light Common Grackles display a metallic sheen, the color of which varies regionally.
	www.wildbirdbackyard.com /newsletterSu03.html (582 words)

	Common Grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Gregarious, noisy and numerous, grackles are easily detected because of their tendency to forage in open situations such as lawns and shorelines.
		Because Common Grackles are widespread, associate with human-altered habitats and are easy to detect, they would be expected to be recorded in most blocks.
		Common Grackles were easy for Atlasers to confirm in most blocks by observations of food being delivered to young or young out of the nest.
	www.conservation.state.mo.us /nathis/birds/birdatlas/maintext/0400092.htm (489 words)

	All About Birds
		A familiar sight on suburban lawns, the Common Grackle can be recognized by its iridescent purple and bronze plumage and long, keel-shaped tail.
		The Common Grackle is an opportunistic forager, taking advantage of whatever food sources it can find.
		The Common Grackle commonly engages in anting, allowing ants to crawl on its body and secrete formic acid, possibly to rid the body of parasites.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Common_Grackle.html (239 words)

	Focus on Wildlife
		The Common Grackle, although preferring a marshy habitat, is one of the most flexible and adaptable of all birds, and is unique among the other members of the family of flbirds.
		The Common Grackle is an extremely adaptable bird when it comes to acceptable habitats, and can be found from woodland marshes to city parks.
		In populated areas, the grackle can be a menace to backyard bird feeders, as their gregarious behavior and large numbers force most other birds away from the feeders.
	boothbayregister.maine.com /2003-10-16/focus_on_wildlife.html (915 words)

	Birds » Wild Birds » Grackle - Common Main Page
		This bird can be fairly noisy, especially when being fed! The Common Grackle is blamed yearly for the destruction of crop fields during migratory passes, when the birds will raid the crops for delicious vegetables, feeding themselves and their young and feasting on the sweet food housed there.
		The Common Grackle is typically fl, with a slight purple or glossy bronze tint.
		The Common Grackle is found as far north as Canada, including Alberta and Nova Scotia and also a far south as the eastern two-thirds of the United States.
	www.centralpets.com /animals/birds/wild_birds/wbd3776.html (704 words)

	Comments by Curtis Marantz on the Santa Maria mystery grackle
		Moreover, its vocalizations may be closer to Common Grackle than they are to anything else, though I noted that this bird's song is really not all that different from those of the Brewer's Blackbirds.
		Even better as characters pointing to a Great-tailed Grackle X Brewer's Blackbird hybrid are the very even appearance of the purple sheen on this bird's upperparts, its general lack of a hood, and the lack of multicolor spangling and fringes on the scapulars and coverts (all of which point to Great-tailed Grackle as a parent).
		Despite this bird being similar to Common Grackle based on structure, I noted quite carefully that all of these points (intermediate size, moderate keel and graduation to the tail, and moderately large bill) are also intermediate between Brewer's Blackbird and Great-tailed Grackle.
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jmorlan/marantz.htm (1857 words)

	Here Come The Grackles! Common Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The grackle's long legs and big toes are adapted not only for its distinctive bobbing walk but also for wading along pond edges to capture minnows, crayfish, salamanders, and frogs.
		On the plus side, the Common Grackle is one of the few birds that will kill and eat Japanese Beetles or House Sparrows--invasive species that have wreaked havoc on native habitats.
		Common Grackles occur throughout North America east of the Rockies with individuals usually overwintering on or not far south of their natal region.
	www.hiltonpond.org /ThisWeek021115.html (1163 words)

	PURPLE (common) GRACKLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		PR The purple grackle is very similar to the crow, wearing the same color plumage and having many of the bad habits of its larger counterpart.
		At a distance, the grackle seems jet fl all over, but when the sun strikes its feathers, they take on a hue of steel blue or royal purple.
		A sure sign that fall is on the way appears in early August when the grackles come together in flocks numbering in the thousands.
	www.baylink.org /wpc/pgrackle.html (195 words)

	Common Grackle at El Dorado Park in Long Beach, California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The tail was held straight, parallel to the ground and not cocked in the air as in many of the Great-tailed Grackles.
		The tail was not "keeled" as in the Great-tailed Grackles.
		We concluded that this bird might have been a young Common Grackle, but the possibility of Great-tailed Grackle x Brewer's Blackbird hybrid cannot be excluded without a better view of the bird's back.
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jmorlan/cogr.htm (665 words)

	COURTSHIP AND AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE COMMON GRACKLE, QUISCALUS QUISCULA
		In the Common Grackle the Ruff-out Chuga and the Ruff-out Squeak Snarl were each characteristic of one individual male but involve merely the substitution of the typical female vocalization for the male Squeak in the former case, and the addition of a second call to the Ruff- out Squeak in the latter.
		SUMMARY Reproductive behavior patterns of the Common Grackle are described, and their probable derivation and biological significance discussed.
		The Common Grackles of the Ithaca area are intergrades between Quiscalus quiscula versicolor and Q. q.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v080n01/p0052-p0072.html (14051 words)

	Georgia Wildlife Web Site; birds: Quiscalus quiscula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In addition to habitat used for breeding, the Common Grackle inhabits crop lands, fields, and lawns during the winter.
		During migration and winter, the Common Grackle flocks in very large groups with many other flbird species; sometimes more than one million birds may roost together.
		The Boat-tailed Grackle is found in the coastal areas of the Southeast and East.
	museum.nhm.uga.edu /gawildlife/birds/passeriformes/qquiscula.html (419 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
		The common grackle, Quiscalus qusicula, is found in Canada and the United States, mainly east of the Rocky Mountains, and is migratory in the northern and western parts of its range.
		The common grackle has apparently spread into Utah during recent times, the first Utah record being in 1957.
		This species inhabits a wide variety of open or partially open situations with scattered trees, and commonly is found in cities, towns, farms, orchards, and other human-modified habitats.
	dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov /rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=quisquis (215 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Common Grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This occasional tendency toward colonial nesting may be induced by a scarcity of the most desirable nesting sites, such as the hedges of tall, thick-growing spruces that are often isolated throughout farming districts.
		It is unusual to see grackles nesting in districts even slightly remote from habitation.
		When seen in the field, the most obvious difference is in the tails, the tail of the grackle being long, that of the starling being particularly short; the grackle is considerably larger, its manner of flight is slower and more deliberate and at close range the marked difference in plumages becomes apparent.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0395.htm (572 words)

	Common Grackle
		They gather in enormous flocks in the autumn before migrating south and ravage corn, sunflower and grain crops leaving more unharvestable on the ground than they consume.
		The crackley wheezy flbird voice sounds like a squeaky barn door hinge and a flock of grackles sound like a thousand wheel barrows.
		Nestbox is that you will probably find something besides a Grackle in it.
	www.50birds.com /BPGrackle.htm (354 words)

	Common Grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This common grackle displays typical fl plumage with an overlaying purple metallic sheen.
		A noisy and gregarious type of flbird, the common grackle has adapted easily to urban life.
		During their fall migration, large flocks of common grackles alight and feed in corn and grain fields across central and eastern North America.
	www.kwic.com /~pagodavista/schoolhouse/species/birds/grackle.htm (73 words)

	Common Grackle Photos and Information
		The Common Grackle, or Quiscalus quiscula, is usually looked down on by birders.
		You can tell grackles from other birds by their bronzish body and the bright yellow ring around the eye.
		Grackles will eat just about anything you put out.
	wine.wineintro.com /birding/encyc/grackle (147 words)

	Common Grackle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Common Grackle is found in open areas with scattered, preferably coniferous trees.
		It has adapted well to human structures and is common in open areas such as suburban developments and city parks.
		The Common Grackle is an abundant permanent resident of the Atlanta area.
	fsc.fernbank.edu /Birding/birdID/grackle.htm (101 words)

	grackle on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		common name applied to some members of the New World family Icteridae, which also includes flbirds, orioles, meadowlarks, cowbirds, and others.
		A grackle next to the Tandy Center in Fort Worth, Texas on Wednesday July 24, 2002.
		Grackles congregate on one of the towers at First United Methodist Church in Fort Worth, Texas, on Wednesday July 24, 2002.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g1/grackle.asp (479 words)

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