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Topic: Common Hawthorn

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	Hawthorn - LoveToKnow 1911
		The common hawthorn is a native of Europe as far north as 602° in Sweden, and of North Africa, western Asia and Siberia, and has been naturalized in North America and Australia.
		Hawthorn has been for many centuries a favourite park and hedge plant in Europe, and numerous varieties have been developed by cultivation; these differ in the form of the leaf, the white, pink or red, single or double flowers, and the yellow, orange or red fruit.
		The hawthorn has been regarded as the emblem of hope, and its branches are stated to have been carried by the ancient Greeks in wedding processions, and to have been used by them to deck the altar of Hymen.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Hawthorn (979 words)

	Hawthorn - Food & Drink - Recipes24 Net - recipes, cooking, cookbooks and more
		Hawthorn is the name of a large group of shrubs and small trees in the genus Crataegus, family Rosaceae, characterized by their small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches.
		Hawthorns provide food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, and the flowers are important for many nectar-feeding insects.
		The Common Hawthorn is extensively used in Europe as a hedge plant.
	www.recipes24.net /encyclopedia/h/hawthorn.html (244 words)

	Hawthorn/Motherwort
		Common Use: One of the most interesting herbs of the last few years, Ginkgo improves brain function, including memory and alertness, protects blood vessels, im-proves circulation, and is a powerful antioxidant.
		Common Use: Ginger may be helpful as a stimulant of the peripheral circulation in cases of bad circulation, chilblains and cramps.
		Common Uses: One of the richest sources of micro-nutrition, minerals, and trace minerals, kelp is especially high in iodine and potassium.
	www.herbmed.com /hmxpinfo.html (927 words)

	MDidea Extracts Professional:Standardized Herbal Extracts Series:Hawthorn Extracts,Hawthorn Fruit Extracts Hawthorn ...
		Hawthorn is widely regarded in Europe as a safe and effective treatment for the early stages of heart disease and has been used for a number of ailments including angina, myocarditis, arteriosclerosis, nervous conditions like insomnia, and diarrhea.
		Hawthorn is widely regarded in Europe as a safe and effective treatment for the early stages of heart disease and is endorsed by Commission E- the branch of the German government that studies and approves herbal treatments.
		Hawthorn has primarily been studied in people with congestive heart failure (a health condition in which the heart is unable to pump adequate amounts of blood to other organs in the body).
	www.mdidea.com /products/herbextract/hawthorn/data.html (3629 words)

	Crataegus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crataegus (Hawthorn) is a large genus of in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America.
		Hawthorns are also used as food plants by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Hawthorns.
		The hawthorn has been regarded as the emblem of hope, and its branches are stated to have been carried by the ancient Greeks in wedding processions, and to have been used by them to deck the altar of Hymenaios.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crataegus (1112 words)

	Hawthorn
		Hawthorn or hawthorne is a name given to a large group of shrubs or small trees, characterized by their small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches.
		Hawthorns belong to the genus Crataegus, family Rosaceae.
		Hawthorns provide food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ha/Hawthorn.html (45 words)

	WashingtonHawthorn
		The Washington Hawthorn is the largest of all the Hawthorns and was introduced to the United States from Europe in the late 1700s.
		In Europe, hawthorn leaf has been scientifically proven to expand the blood vessels and let more oxygen-rich blood reach the heart muscles; increase the strength of the heartbeat and slightly increase its speed; and help the heart by reducing resistance throughout the rest of the circulatory system.
		Hawthorn is also drunk for insomnia and nervous conditions and used as a gargle for sore throats.
	www.bellarmine.edu /faculty/drobinson/WashingtonHawthorn.asp (424 words)

	AllRefer.com - hawthorn, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		hawthorn, any species of the genus Crataegus of the family Rosaceae (rose family), shrubs and trees widely distributed in north temperate climates and especially common in E North America.
		Hawthorns are cultivated for ornament and, especially in England, for hedges (haw also means hedge).
		Hawthorn is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Rosales, family Rosaceae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hawthorn.html (290 words)

	RUNES - Celtic Ogham
		The common ash is occasionally cultivated in NorthAmerica, and similar native ash species are widely grown as street trees.
		Common oaks are deciduous, losing their leaves before Samhain and growing new leaves in the spring so that the trees are fully clothed by Beltane.
		The common holly is often cultivated in North America, as are hybrids between it and Asiatic holly species.
	glenavalon.com /ogham.html (1840 words)

	Common Hawthorn Information
		The Common Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna is a species of hawthorn native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia.
		Common Hawthorn is extensively planted as a hedge plant, especially for agricultural use.
		Other garden shrubs that have sometimes been suggested as possible hybrids involving the Common Hawthorn, include the Various-leaved Hawthorn of the Caucasus, which is only very occasionally found in parks and gardens.
	www.bookrags.com /Whitethorn (347 words)

	Trees of Reed: Hawthorns
		Hawthorns are short, thorny trees that were once used to form thick hedges between pastures in Europe.
		Hawthorns are in the Rose family and the fruit is a "pome" that looks like an apple or a rose hip.
		Hawthorns have become a problem at Reed because birds and small mammals spread the seeds through the canyon, where the trees have become an invasive species.
	web.reed.edu /trees/TreePages/CRAT.html (301 words)

	Trees of the Ogham
		The common ash is occasionally cultivated in North America, and similar native ash species are widely grown as street trees.
		Common oaks are occasionally cultivated in North America, as are the similar native white oak, valley oak, and Oregon oak.
		Common reed has spread as a weed throughout the world; in North America it is widespread in cooler climates.
	www.csupomona.edu /~jcclark/ogham/ogh-tree.html (2589 words)

	Hawthorn
		Hawthorn leaves, berries, and blossoms contain biologicaly active flavonoid compounds: (1) anthocyanidins and (2) proanthocyanidins (also known as biflavans or procyanidins).
		Hawthorn is used to treat a wide variety of inflammatory conditions, but primary use is generally the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure and arrhythmias.
		Hawthorn has shown synergy with digitalis by enhancing the effect of cardiac glycosides.
	www.geocities.com /chadrx/hawth.html (506 words)

	Crataegus spp.
		Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 was prescribed for the treatment of 588 patients with heart failure stage NYHA II & favorable effects on clinical symptoms were achieved although the patients in Crataegus cohort received markedly fewer chemical-synthetic drugs than patients in comparative cohort.
		Administration of (a) 600 mg Mg, (b) 500 mg hawthorn extract, (c) a combination of (a) and (b), (d) placebo in 36 mildly hypertensive subjects showed a promising reduction in resting diastolic blood pressure at week 10 in 19 subjects who were assigned to hawthorn extract, compared to other groups.
		Hawthorn leave flavonoids, w/w, 80% flavonoids at concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml decreased the cytotoxicity of hypoxia to human umbilical vein endothelial cells partly through its regulative effect on NO and calcium ion levels.
	www.herbmed.org /Herbs/Herb97.htm (5197 words)

	Crataegus - Hawthorn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There are a large number of hawthorns, and a large amount of variation within the genera.
		Hawthorn likes to be misted in dry weather, but avoid misting the flowers when in bloom.
		Crataegus monogyna: common hawthorn, one-seed hawthorne - a commonly seen hawthorn because it is hardy and adaptable.
	www.bonsai-bci.com /species/hawthorn.html (954 words)

	Fungi of Georgia
		The common morel, or sponge mushroom, is one of the most easily recognized of all the edible fungi.
		As the common name suggests, the fruiting structure of the scarlet cup fungus is cup-shaped, with a very short stalk.
		The green gill is common in open grassy areas, such as lawns, meadows, and pastures during warm, wet weather.
	www.plant.uga.edu /mycology-herbarium/gafungi.htm (4641 words)

	The Hawthorn
		The Hawthorn was associated with both the sacred and the unlucky (some holding the belief that it was from the Hawthorn that the crown of thorns used at the Crucifixion of Christ was made, for example).
		The Hawthorn was embodied in the character of the chief giant Yspaddaden in a Welsh romance of Kulhwch and Olwen.
		The Hawthorn is common in abandoned fields and along the edges of forests.
	www.novareinna.com /constellation/hawthorn.html (2936 words)

	Hawthorn
		The Hawthorn tree (Crataegus oxacantha) is one of the sacred trees of Wicca/Witchcraft and is associated with the spring celebrations.
		The hawthorn is often referred to in verse by the phase “by oak, ash, and thorn” (the “thorn” referring to that of the hawthorn tree) and is used as a blessing during ritual, or to affirm a charge of power in spellcraft.
		In this regard, the hawthorn in its connection with Cardea as the “hinge on the door” into the fairy realm became the guardian and protector of the entrances to the oak and ash portals, and unless the hawthorn allowed access to the doorways, the fairy realm remained unseen.
	www.controverscial.com /Hawthorn.htm (1677 words)

	HawthornC
		On the Common Hawthorn the lobes reach more than halfway to the midrib and are longer than they are wide (length from 1.5 to 3.5 cm) with tuft or hairs in vein-angles on the underside of the leaf.
		Hawthorn charcoal was used formerly to melt pig-iron without the aid of a blast.
		"In Rome it was the practice for the bridegroom to wave a twig of hawthorn as he led his bride to the nuptial chamber, and sprigs of hawthorn were attached to the cradle of a new-born child to protect him from sickness and evil spells." (Palaiseul).
	www.the-tree.org.uk /BritishTrees/TreeGallery/hawthornc.htm (1418 words)

	Midland hawthorn - Crataegus laevigata - English Nature
		Midland hawthorn is more of a woodland plant, also occurring in woodland edges and in hedgerows, usually on clay soil.
		Like common hawthorn, Midland hawthorn is ideal for wildlife-friendly gardens, where its dense, thorny cover makes it suitable for hedging and provides good nesting sites for a whole range of small birds.
		Midland hawthorn differs from common hawthorn in that the leaves have lobes which are less than half the length of the midrib, while the common hawthorn has more deeply incised leaves.
	www.plantpress.com /wildlife/o936-midlandhawthorn.php (296 words)

	SHADOWPLAY WEBZINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Hawthorn is also known by its country names of Whitethorn, Mayblossom or May, which correlates with its time of blooming in the Northern hemisphere (usually October-November in the Southern hemisphere).
		Hawthorn is a favourite for garlands and decoration at Beltane, along with other greenery, such as young oak leaves and other flowers.
		Hawthorn is also reported to have sedative, diuretic and astringent properties, and has been used to treat insomnia, diarrhoea, kidney disorders and excessive menstruation.
	www.shadowplayzine.com /Articles/Hawthorn.htm (1964 words)

	Common Hawthorn - Flowers
		As one might suspect from the rather disagreeable odor of these blossoms, they are most attractive to flies and beetles, which, carrying pollen from older flowers, leave some on the stigmas that are already mature in newly-opened ones.
		The splendid monarch butterfly (Anosia plexippus), the banded purple (Basilarchia arthemis), whose caterpillar feeds on hawthorn foliage, and the light brown hunter's butterfly (Pyramids huntera) are among the visitors seen flitting about this exquisite little tree in early May, when it is fairly white with bloom.
		While most of our beautiful native hawthorns have been introduced to European gardens, it is the White Thorn or May (C. Oxyacantha) of Europe and Asia which is most commonly cultivated here.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles22/flowers-151.shtml (472 words)

	Take a BrainSip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Common Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna is a broadly spreading shrub or small tree 5-14 m tall, native to Europe, north Africa and western Asia.
		Later in the year they bear numerous small, oval dark red fruit about 1 cm long that are important for wildlife in winter, particularly thrushes and waxwings; these birds eat the berries and disperse the seeds in their droppings.
		Other old Common names for this plant in Britain include May, Maythorn, Quickthorn, and Haw.
	common-hawthorn.mestskadoprava.sk (229 words)

	Species Guide Crataegus Hawthorn Maythorn Bonsai
		Commonly known for their very sharp thorns, their May flowers and following haws or fruit for which Crataegus take their common names of hawthorn or may. The haws are red in colour and follow the May flowering of white or deep pink colours depending on species and variety.
		Hawthorns can take a number of years to start flowering, trees grown in the ground taking up to 10 years and trees that are raised from seed in pots can sometimes take as long as 20years.
		Slightly less vigorous than the Common Hawthorn, Crataegus oxycantha varieties of which there are many, can reach heights of 8 metres in their native Europe,India and North Africa.
	www.bonsai4me.com /SpeciesGuide/Crataegus.html (528 words)

	Atherosclerosis as related to Hawthorn
		Hawthorn extracts have been well researched and are widely used in Europe to treat many types of heart conditions including: atherosclerosis; cardiac arrhythmia...
		The hawthorn berry and flowering-top extract is widely used by physicians in Europe for their...
		Hawthorn is Not a first-line medication and should not be considered as such.
	goldbamboo.com /relate-tl1091-tr6419.html (544 words)

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