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Topic: Common Intermediate Language

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	Common Intermediate Language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Languages which target the.NET Framework compile to CIL, which is assembled into bytecode.
		CIL resembles an object oriented assembly language, and is entirely stack-based.
		The primary.NET languages are C#, Visual Basic.NET, C++/CLI, and J#.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language (202 words)

	.NET Framework For Java Programmers
		Common Intermediate Language (CIL) and therefore it's Microsoft rendering called Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) is said to be a CPU independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code.
		Before Intermediate Language (IL) can be executed, it must be converted by a.NET Framework Just In Time (JIT) compiler to native code, which is CPU specific code that runs on the same computer architecture that the JIT compiler is running on.
		Verification examines the Intermediate Language (IL) and metadata to see whether the code is type safe, that is, it accesses only the authorized memory locations, Identities are what they claim to be and reference to a type is compatible with the type referenced.
	www.csharphelp.com /archives/archive10.html (4264 words)

	CS265 Expert Topic: Common Intermediate Languages
		A very ambitious goal in language design and compiler technology is to have the ability to use a common intermediate language that allows many different languages to be compiled to and can be compiled for many different architectures.
		The target language of their type-directed translation is "F_omega extended with existential types, row polymorphism, order records, sum types, recursive types, and a term-level fixpoint for constructing recursive records." The intention is these are the minimal extensions needed to effectively model object-oriented languages (rather than going to the power of F_omega with subtyping).
		With several source languages and several architectures, it is much more feasible to build a generator for each language and a translator for each architecture rather than a compiler for each pair of source language and target architecture.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~bec/cs265/expert-topic.html (1712 words)

	Intermediate language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A variation in the meaning of this term, is those languages used as an intermediate language by some high-level programming languages which do not output object or machine code, but output the intermediate language only, to submit to a compiler for such language, which then outputs finished object or machine code.
		Languages used for this fall in complexity between high-level languages and low-level languages, such as assembly languages.
		C is used as an intermediate language by numerous programming languages including Eiffel, Sather, and Esterel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intermediate_language (378 words)

	Review: Eschew Obfuscation? Maybe You Shouldn't. Dev Source - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One positive side effect is language interoperability, making it easier for your apps to support multi-language development, since the code is the same (in the IL) after it is compiled.
		Perhaps the best advantage to a common intermediate language is that Microsoft can use Just-in-Time compilation to read metadata and apply code access security rules before generating and running executable code.
		The drawback to intermediate languages is that it's possible to use disassemblers and decompilers to examine a program's IL and re-generate the source code.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_zddvs/is_200405/ai_ziff128437 (780 words)

	Amazon.de: CIL Programming, Under the Hood of .NET: English Books: Jason Bock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, the core language of.NET is the Common Intermediate Language, or CIL.
		This language is the language of.NET - whatever is allowed by the.NET specifications can be done in CIL - and there is much that C# and VB.NET cannot do that is allowed by the CIL.
		While it is unlikely that the majority of.NET developers will create their assemblies in CIL, understanding how CIL works will give them a deep, language-independent insight into the core parts of.NET.
	www.amazon.de /CIL-Programming-Under-Hood-NET/dp/1590590414 (516 words)

	Common Language Infrastructure
		The Common Language Infrastructure is used in the Microsoft.NET initiative as the basis for running programs written in different programming languages.
		The common language infrastructure is an effort to unify the different runtime modules needed.
		It uses a virtual machine and a class library Common Language Runtime.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ms/MSIL.html (118 words)

	WIL: A Compiler Intermediate Language with Explicit Support for Representations
		WIL is a textual compiler intermediate language designed primarily for object-oriented languages, to be used in the Whirlwind compiler being developed at the University of Washington.
		The WIL intermediate language is a flexible and powerful target language for translation from a variety of object-oriented source languages.
		This allows a variety of language specific front-ends to write to a common intermediate language, specifying representations at a level of concrete-ness appropriate for the language.
	www.cs.washington.edu /homes/tapan/projects/WIL (8206 words)

	Microsoft .NET Glossary
		CIL is also referred to as Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).
		The Java 2 platform and language is a competitor to the Microsoft.NET Framework and the J# language.
		Strongly-typed—A programming language is said to be strongly-typed when it pre-defines specific primitive data types, requires that all constants and variables be declared of a specific type, and enforces their proper use by imposing rigorous rules upon the programmer for the sake of creating robust code that is consistent in its execution.
	www.developer.com /net/asp/article.php/1756291 (10096 words)

	Amazon.com: CIL Programming: Under the Hood of .NET: Books: Jason Bock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Common Intermediate Language (CIL) is the core language of.NET.
		This language is the language of.NET— developers can use CIL to do whatever is allowed by the.NET specifications, which is not the case for C# and VB.NET.
		That is, the authors of the better books have figured out some rhyme and reason to the language and they share these insights with their readers.
	www.amazon.com /CIL-Programming-Under-Hood-NET/dp/1590590414 (2390 words)

	Visual Studio 2005: The C# Programming Language for Java Developers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This operator is present in Java as a consequence of the lack of unsigned variables in that language, for cases when right- shifting is required to insert 1s in the most significant bits.
		Languages such as C++, Pascal, and others support the concept of function pointers that permit us to choose which function we wish to call at run time.
		In C#, garbage collection is handled by the Common Language Runtime (CLR) with similar functionality to that of the JVM.
	msdn.microsoft.com /vstudio/java/gettingstarted/csharpforjava (8841 words)

	Intermediate Language :: DenkzeitWiki
		A language that is generated from a programming source language, but cannot be directly executed by the CPU.
		The intermediate language, also called "bytecode," "p-code," "pseudo code" or "pseudo language," must be either interpreted a line at a time or compiled into machine language and then run.
		All Common Language Runtime (CLR) compliant language compilers translate the source code written in different languages into MSIL; it's the responsibility of the CLR to process these instructions and act accordingly.
	www.gungfu.de /facts/wiki/field.php?pagename=Main.IL (184 words)

	What is Common Language Runtime? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: CLR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Common Language Runtime is somewhat comparable to the Java virtual machine that Sun Microsystems furnishes for running programs compiled from the Java language.
		Microsoft refers to its Common Language Runtime as a "managed execution environment." A program compiled for the CLR does not need a language-specific execution environment and can easily be moved to and run on any system with Windows 2000 or Windows XP.
		of a class written in one language to call a method of a class written in another language.
	searchvb.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci860097,00.html (328 words)

	Common Language Infrastructure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification developed by Microsoft that describes the executable code and runtime environment that form the core of the Microsoft.NET Framework.
		All compatible languages compile to Common Intermediate Language (CIL), which is an intermediate language that is abstracted from the platform hardware.
		Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure is a reference implementation of the CLI available from Microsoft, under the Shared source licensing program.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure (450 words)

	Yale FLINT Group: Typed Common Intermediate Format (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In fact, most existing application languages are slow, interpreted, and have poor interoperability with general-purpose languages.
		Our key innovation is the use of a common typed intermediate language, named FLINT, to model the semantics and interactions of various language-specific features.
		FLINT provides a common compiler infrastructure that can be quickly adapted to generate compilers for new general-purpose and domain-specific languages.
	flint.cs.yale.edu /flint/publications/tcif.html (212 words)

	Bridging the Gulf: A Common Intermediate Language for ML and Haskell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Compilers for ML and Haskell use intermediate languages that incorporate deeply-embedded assumptions about order of evaluation and side effects.
		We propose an intermediate language into which one can compile both ML and Haskell, thereby facilitating the sharing of ideas and infrastructure, and supporting language developments that move each language in the direction of the other.
		Peyton Jones, M. Shields, J. Launchbury, and A. Tolmach, "Bridging the Gulf: A Common Intermediate Language for ML and Haskell,' Proc.
	research.microsoft.com /Pubs/view.aspx?pubid=181 (232 words)

	No .Net Advantage
		The.Net environment includes the Common Language Runtime and the Common Intermediate Language, also known as Microsoft Intermediate Language, abbreviated MSIL or IL, depending on the time of day.
		You can use any language you want to create CORBA objects, and CORBA is truly multiplatform, as opposed to ActiveX, which is Windows-centric.
		Language neutrality is cool, but as nifty as it might be to be able to reference a C++ class directly from a VB.Net program, the more languages you add to a project, the more difficult that project is to maintain.
	www.computerworld.com /printthis/2002/0,4814,68723,00.html (658 words)

	MSIL :: Microsoft Intermediate Language :: CIL
		MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) / CIL (Common Intermediate Language) is an essential aspect of making.NET Framework applications widespread.
		MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) is also called CIL (Common Intermediate Language) and right now I don't know which usage will be used the most in the future.
		When managed code from C# or VB.NET is compiled, two things are generated: MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) / CIL (Common Intermediate Language) and metadata, which is data about the program itself and the data types it uses.
	www.inforingpress.com /computer_careers/msil.htm (765 words)

	CRL :: Common Runtime Language
		The CRL Common Language Runtime under the.NET Framework is somewhat analogous to Java's Virtual Machine.
		CRL Common Language Runtime is the loader that brings components to life inside an operating system process.
		Thus the CRL / Common Language Runtime and.NET in general are an advance on prior technology.
	www.inforingpress.com /computer_careers/crl.htm (665 words)

	Department of Computer Science
		CLR supports flexible interoperation by compiling various source languages into a common intermediate language and by using a unified type system.
		At Yale we have been developing typed common intermediate languages(named FLINT) that can support safely not only the standard object-oriented model, but also higher-order generic (polymorphic) programming and Java-style reflection (introspection).
		The rich type system of FLINT makes it possible to typecheck both compiler intermediate code and low level machine code; this allows typechecking to take place at any phase of compilation, even after optimizations and register allocation.
	www.cs.uchicago.edu /events/155 (296 words)

	IL .NET
		(Common Intermediate Language) generated by the C# and Visual Basic compilers.
		CIL is the intermediate byte code that is executed by the virtual machine.
		Beyond just basic curiosity, looking at the CIL is a useful tool for learning about the C# implementation and improving the efficiency of your C# code.
	www.geocities.com /Jeff_Louie/il__net.htm (171 words)

	Visual Studio .NET Beta 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Language runtimes are not news either, as we've had VBRun for visual Basic, MSVCRT for C++, and the Java Runtime.
		The difference lies in the fact that VS.NET compiles all languages down to a common intermediate language (IL), which is then compiled and executed by the CLR, an integral part of the.NET framework.
		The Intermediate Language is an interesting combination of language concepts.
	www.extremetech.com /article2/0,1558,1169551,00.asp (773 words)

	Common Language Runtime
		The CLR has many things that the JVM does not, but one thing is really obvious: 14 languages instead of only one, with a common type system across all the languages and the ability to call a function in one language from another.
		The Java VM was not issued with support for other languages, but I have this persistent impression that I've read somewhere (yeah, I know, this is unsubstantiated hearsay, I wish I could recall the reference) that the VM designers intended for other languages to run on it someday.
		The difficulty in compiling dynamic languages is a real one, which is why the PerlSix folks have come up with ParrotCode.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?CommonLanguageRuntime (3871 words)

	CLR - About Common Language Runtime (CLR) and its functionalities
		Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the engine available in.Net Framework to compile and run the program.
		CLR engine does not compile the code in machine code but converts the code in a set of instructions called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).
		The code is stored in common intermediate language (CIL) format.
	www.dotnet-guide.com /clr.html (420 words)

	LtU Classic Archives
		The Common Language Runtime separates syntax from functionality: "The CLR allows you to define a class in Visual Basic and inherit from it in Cobol, or to raise an exception in JScript and handle it in Perl." - Eric Meijer
		Common Language Runtime reminds of the Perl Instructions that trigger low level string handling routines like regexes....
		In that sense, it seems that CLR is actually abstracting the languages in order to create a common runtime environment (the reverse direction of what was done in Java).
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /classic/message1659.html (778 words)

	Ruby shining on .Net Down Under \| InfoWorld \| News \| 2006-08-14 \| By Paul Krill
		Currently available in a beta release, a general release with full language and built-in class support is planned by the end of the year.
		A wider research goal of the project is to investigate support for dynamic languages on mainstream managed execution environments and to consider how interoperability can be achieved with other dynamic languages such as Python.
		Efforts to offer scripting language support on Microsoft's.Net platform are growing, with projects afoot such as IronPython, which is an implementation of the Python programming language for.Net, and Ruby in Steel, which blends Ruby programming into the Visual Studio 2005 environment.
	www.infoworld.com /article/06/08/14/HNrubyaus_1.html (1123 words)

	CIL Programming Under the Hood of .NET
		Although.NET developers often use a high-level language (such as C# or VB.NET) to develop their systems, they can use CIL to do anything allowed by.NET specifications—which is not the case for C# and VB.NET.
		Understanding how CIL works will provide you with a deep, language-independent insight into the core parts of.NET.
		He then shows how to create assemblies in.NET—including the ilasm directives and CIL opcodes, and how these are used to define assemblies, classes, field, methods, and method definitions.
	www.magenic.com /Default.aspx?tabid=111 (408 words)

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