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Topic: Common Murre

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	Scott Islands - Common Murre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The common murre is a sleek, duck-shaped bird that resembles a penguin: fl down the back and white in the breast and belly.
		Common murres pursue a varied diet, feeding on fish, squid, shrimp-like crustaceans called krill, and even marine worms.
		During the winter, common murres are distributed along both inner and outer coastal areas and prefer the protected marine areas off straits, inlets, bays and channels.
	www.pyr.ec.gc.ca /scottislands/common_murre_e.htm (467 words)

	Murre
		Murres occur in cooler waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean.
		Common murres breed primarily in boreal and low arctic waters; most thick-billed murres breed farther north in low and high arctic waters.
		Murres often breed in dense colonies on coastal cliffs and islands, laying a single, large egg on bare rock ledges on the cliff face or surface.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005545 (387 words)

	Wildlife and Nature: Murres - British Columbia.com
		Murres, and their close relatives the razorbills, dovekies, guillemots, and puffins, are members of a group of fl and white, duckshaped seabirds called auks (or Alcidae).
		Common Murres breed on coastal islands on the Pacific coast of Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon, and California; in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Quebec; and on the coast of Newfoundland and southern Labrador.
		Common Murres make up less than 10% of the birds that are shot, and their numbers have increased dramatically in Newfoundland and Labrador over the past 30 years.
	www.britishcolumbia.com /Wildlife/wildlife/birds/cw/cw_murres.html (3106 words)

	::Seabirds:: (Common Murre)
		The common murre is one of the success stories of the sea – about 10 million breed in the northern parts of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and millions more are young birds that are gaining the experience they’ll need to attempt nesting the first time.
		Common murres can fly 200 kilometers from the nest to find food for their chicks, and may dive as deep as 100 meters for food, but 70 kilometers and 50 meters are probably more typical maximums.
		Murres feed their chicks three to five fish a day, and adults eat mostly fish too, but they may also consume zooplankton and squid.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /research/seabird_foragefish/seabirds/flash_cards/common_murre.html (316 words)

	California Wild Winter 1999 - Mirrors, Magic ... and Murres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His audience is a seabird called the common murre, and his trick is to lure the birds back to a breeding site they abandoned after an oil spill more than a decade ago.
		Murre populations have plummeted in many of their historic nesting areas, but the birds are wide ranging.
		Murre populations recover slowly; the birds do not breed until they are four to six years old, and then each pair produces just one egg per season.
	www.calacademy.org /calwild/1999winter/stories/murres.html (1970 words)

	AllRefer.com - murre (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		The common murre, Uria aalge, and the Brunnich's murre are found in the North Atlantic; the California murre is found in the Pacific.
		Murres are among the largest of the living members of the family.
		Murres are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Charadriiformes, family Alcidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/murre.html (233 words)

	Chapter 4: The Common Murre
		When a murre egg is moved experimentally, the adults, upon returning, seek out their egg and after tucking it on top of the feet and against the incubation patch proceed to move it back to its original position.
		The murre is not as pelagic as the puffin and it tolerates warmer surface waters to at least 15° Celsius.
		Murres dying in large numbers have been tested for PCBs and have been found to contain over twice the amount found in healthy birds, indicating a strong possibility that PCBs may be responsible for the deaths.
	promises.freeshell.org /auks/chapter4.html (4261 words)

	National Audubon Society - Waterbirds - Common Murre
		Common Murres, dominant member of the breeding seabird community on the west coast, fluctuate annually, in response to food supply and climatic events.
		Common Murres are the most frequent avian victims of oil spills on the Pacific coast, because of their low reproductive rate and concentrations in major shipping channels.
		Common Murres are highly sensitive to disturbance by humans on foot, in boats, or in planes.
	web1.audubon.org /waterbirds/species.php?speciesCode=commur (702 words)

	Common Murre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Common Murres are known in Newfoundland as turrs.
		Common Murres are accomplished drivers that fly under water in pursuit of small fish.
		This is a map of the migratory paths of the Common Murre to Cape St. Mary's
	www.k12.nf.ca /fatima/cmurre.htm (146 words)

	Hinterland Who's Who - Murres
		Murres cannot turn sharply and may have difficulty landing at their rocky breeding colonies on stormy days, sometimes bumping into a cliff and circling back to make several attempts before successfully landing on a ledge.
		The bulk of the Common Murres’ Canadian breeding range is in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Quebec and along the coasts of Newfoundland and southern Labrador.
		Common Murres first return to their breeding areas in March, and by late April they are establishing nest sites on rocky ledges of the colony.
	www.hww.ca /hww2.asp?id=57 (2623 words)

	Common Murre Restoration Project
		The Common Murre Restoration Project is a comprehensive seabird restoration effort aimed at enhancing depleted seabird populations in central California, specifically those of the common murre (Uria aalge).
		Murre decoys (including those of adults, chicks, and eggs) three-sided mirror boxes, and CD players projecting amplified murre calls have all been used to lure the highly colonial birds back to the rock.
		Additional colony monitoring by the Murre Project was conducted at the Point Reyes Headlands in Point Reyes National Seashore from 1996-2002, and the Castle and Hurricane Point Rocks in the California Coastal National Monument along the Big Sur Coast from 1996 to the present.
	www.fws.gov /sfbayrefuges/murre/murrehome.htm (556 words)

	Real Birds: Murres in Gloucester, Massachusetts
		By comparison [Common Murre] has a longer, thinner bill which is straight throughout and, due to angle at gonys, appears slightly up turned in the field.
		Common Murres loose their winter face pattern with a gradual peppering in of dark brown over the face and neck.
		Common Murres have strongly blurred spotting on the throat and chin before they molt in a dark face.
	www.virtualbirder.com /vbirder/rba/murre/id.html (1057 words)

	Focus on Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The common murre is one of twenty different species in the Family Alcidae that breed in North America.
		The common murre predominantly produces two types of calls or sounds; the first call is a low guttural croaking sound followed by a high-pitched bleat, while the other sound they make is a "murmuring" sound for which they derived the name murre.
		This is primarily because the cliffs and ledges act as a platform for the murre to lay its egg.
	boothbayregister.maine.com /2004-07-08/focus_on_wildlife.html (1033 words)

	Common Murre Skull
		Common Murre Skull - The common murre is native to the Northern Atlantic as well as much of the North American Pacific coast.
		The common murre nests in large colonies on rocky offshore islands and cliffs in association with other bird species such as puffins, guillemots, kittiwakes, gulls, and razorbills.
		The common murre is predominately a piscivore, but will feed on mollusk, squid and other aquatic invertebrates.
	www.skullsunlimited.com /common-murre-skull.html (126 words)

	murre on Encyclopedia.com
		(mör), common name for a group of diving birds of the same family as the auk and the puffin (family Alcidae) and including the guillemots.
		Thousands of murres and cormorants carpet the west face of the biggest island in the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge.
		One of the thousands of common murres that make the Farallon Islands home takes to the sky on Thursday, May 12, 2005.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m1/murre.asp (636 words)

	All About Birds
		The high degree of variation in color and markings of Common Murre eggs may allow parent murres to recognize their own egg when they return to the colony from time at sea.
		The egg of a Common Murre is so pointed at one end that when placed on a flat surface and pushed, it rolls around in a circle.
		Very similar to Thick-billed Murre, which has a shorter and thicker bill, a white line on the gape, is fler on the back, lacks streaked flanks, and in winter, has a darker face.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Common_Murre_dtl.html (357 words)

	Common Murre--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ESTUARIES
		Common murres are highly colonial, nesting on bare rock ledges using no material for the nest except occasionally a few pebbles cemented together with excrement, which may keep the egg from rolling (Terres, 1980).
		Livers from common murres found in a large die-off in the autumn of 1969 in the Irish Sea region were analyzed for PCB contamination (Parslow and Jeffries, 1973).
		Pooled fat extracts and droppings from common murres collected from the cliffs of the island of Stora Karlso in the Baltic Sea during breeding season were analysed for the presence of phenolic PCB metabolites (Jansson et al., 1975).
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /bioeco/cmurre.htm (4440 words)

	MBNMS Ecosystems Observations 1999 - BIRD POPULATIONS
		Specifically, biologists are using decoys, recorded murre calls, and mirrors to attract murres to DSR and San Pedro Rock (SPR), both in San Mateo County.
		In contrast, Common Murres appeared to be over-represented on the beach relative to their densities in the water.
		Post-breeding Common Murres are flightless and capable of diving to depths ranging from 50 to 180 m to feed themselves and their chicks.
	bonita.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov /educate/newsletters/2000Eco/Pages/birds.html (1590 words)

	Common Murre Page 2
		However, a team of biologists are cooperating on a project to entice murres to once again breed on Devil's Slide Rock.
		In 1986, no breeding murres could be found when biologists flew over Devil's Slide Rock during a common murre colony aerial survey in California.
		During this survey it was discovered murre numbers along the central California coast (between Point Reyes and Point Sur) reached an all-time low when only 93,326 breeding birds were estimated, a 60% decline from 1980 estimates.
	desfbay.fws.gov /Archives/Murre/Murre2.htm (288 words)

	EVOS-Oil Spill Facts-Status of Common Murres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Interpretation of the effects of the spill, however, is complicated by incomplete prespill data and by indications that populations at some colonies were in decline before the oil spill.
		Common murres will have recovered when populations at index colonies have returned to prespill levels and when reproductive success (productivity is sustained within normal bounds.
		During the period 1993-1997, the murres nested progressively earlier by 2-5 days each year, suggesting that the age and experience of nesting birds were increasing, as might be expected after a mass mortality event.
	www.evostc.state.ak.us /facts/status_murre.html (320 words)

	Common Murre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Common Murre is a medium sized bird weighing approximately 900g.
		During the winter, Common Murres are distributed along both inner and outer coastal areas and prefer protected marine areas off straits, inlets, bays and channels.
		Common Murres breed in colonies on isolated islands, where many birds will gather to raise their chicks.
	www.sfu.ca /biology/wildberg/bertram/triangle/comu.htm (159 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Common Murres are permanent residents in many areas, but far-northern populations migrate south when the water freezes.
		Common Murres are the most frequent avian victims of oil spills along the Washington coast.
		Common Murres are also highly sensitive to disturbance by humans, whether they are on foot, in a boat, or in a low-flying plane.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/species.asp?id=220 (773 words)

	Oregon Coast Aquarium Rescues Common Murre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The murre was held at the aquarium while it received medical treatment and plenty of fish to ensure a successful recovery.
		Anderson added the murre was very comfortable with the Aquarium staff who cared for it, and that it rested comfortably in its quarters -- a large, secluded tank where it could maintain its muscle condition while waiting for release.
		The common murre is related to the locally abundant pigeon guillemots, murrelets and puffins, with a distinctive dark slender bill and body offset with a bright white breast and belly.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2002/9/prweb45094.htm (586 words)

	Juneau - Field Office St Lazaria Island - Common Murre Text Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Difficult to distinguish from its less-common cousin the Thick –Billed Murre, the Common Murre has a more brownish head and back; and their white chest comes to less of a point where the breast feathers meet with the neck feathers.
		The 4,000 to 5,000 pairs of nesting murre's are the most visible seabirds on St. Lazaria.
		Murre's dive to 400 feet to catch small fish and crustaceans.
	www.r7.fws.gov /internettv/fisheriestv/fieldofficetv/juneautv/birdstv/cm.htm (185 words)

	Untitled Document
		Auks, including the common murres, have very small wings relative to their weights because of the demands of underwater swimming.
		The common murre is the best of the alcid divers and can dive up to 600 feet to fish.
		Unlike the puffins that carry multiple fish at a time the murres carry a captured single fish lengthwise, parallel to bill.
	www.alaskasealife.org /New/visitors/birding/common-murre.php (308 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Alcidae - Common Murre (Uria aalge)
		At all times the bill of the Thick-billed Murre is shorter and thicker, more chisel-like than that of the Common Murre.
		The summer plumage Thick-billed Murre has a distinctive white line running from the base of the bill to the base of the throat.
		Behavior: The Common Murre is the north's version of the penguin.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/alcids/Uaalge.htm (382 words)

	Common Murre - Whatbird.com
		Common Murre: Breeds along the Arctic and subarctic coasts south to central California and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
		The four letter common name alpha code is is derived from the first two letters of the common first name and the first two letters of common last name.
		Four-letter (for English common names) and six-letter (for scientific names) species alpha codes were developed by Pyle and DeSante (2003, North American Bird-Bander 28:64-79) to reflect A.O.U. taxonomy and nomenclature (A.O.U. 1998) as modified by Supplements 42 (Auk 117:847-858, 2000) and 43 (Auk 119:897-906, 2002).
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/164/_/Common_Murre.aspx (832 words)

	All About Birds
		An abundant, penguin-like bird of the cooler northern oceans, the Common Murre nests along rocky cliffs and spends its winter at sea.
		The high degree of variation in color and markings of Common Murre eggs may allow parent murres to recognize their own egg when they return to the colony from time at sea.
		The egg of a Common Murre is so pointed at one end that when placed on a flat surface and pushed, it rolls around in a circle.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Common_Murre.html (187 words)

	USATODAY.com - Scientists blame weather for common murre die-off (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		NEWPORT, Ore. (AP) — Almost 70 adult common murres have been found dead on a beach near Newport this week, and scientists expect that more dead birds will follow.
		Murres are dying in large numbers due to a lack of food supply in the oceans.
		Large numbers of dead common murre chicks are not unusual, Lowe said, because they must mature in a difficult environment.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/stormcenter/2005-07-27-murres-dying_x.htm?POE=WEAISVA (312 words)

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