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Topic: Common Slavonic

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	Slavs - LoveToKnow 1911
		From the beginning of the 9th century Merseburg, Salzburg and Passau were the centres for spreading the Gospel among the Slavonic tribes on the south-eastern marches of the Frankish empire, in Bohemia, Moravia, Pannonia and Carinthia.
		After the Baltic group had separated from the Slavonic, we must imagine a long period when Slavonic (S1.) was a bundle of dialects, showing some of the peculiarities of the future languages, but on the whole so much alike that we may say that such and such forms were common to them all.
		In N.W. Slavonic, with the exception of Kasube, in which it is free, the accent is fixed, in C., Slovak and Sorb on the first syllable of the word, in Polish on the penultimate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Slavs (9151 words)

	Race and Language. Edward Augustus Freeman. 1909-14. Essays: English and American. The Harvard Classics
		We find that these are the survivals of a group of tongues once common to Gaul and Britain, but which the settlement of other nations, the introduction and the growth of other tongues, have brought down to the level of survivals.
		But, on the other hand, where French or Danish or Slavonic or Lithuanian is spoken within the bounds of the new empire, the principle that language is the badge of nationality, that without community of language nationality is imperfect, shows itself in another shape.
		We at once feel that this artificially formed nation, which has no common language, but each of whose elements speaks a language common to itself with some other nation, is something different from those nations which are defined by a universal or at least a predominant language.
	www.bartleby.com /28/10.html (17612 words)

	Russian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While Russian preserves much of East Slavonic synthetic-inflexional structure and a Common Slavonic word base, modern Russian exhibits a large stock of borrowed international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology.
		The phonological system of Russian is inherited from Common Slavonic, but underwent considerable modification in the early historical period, before being largely settled by about 1400.
		The official language remained a kind of Church Slavonic until the close of the seventeenth century, but, despite attempts at standardization, as by Meletius Smotrytsky c. 1620, its purity was by then strongly compromised by an incipient secular literature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_language (3304 words)

	Yat - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: ě (taken from Czech alphabet).
		That the sound represented by yat developed late in the history of Common Slavonic is indicated by its role in the second palatalization of the Slavonic velars.
		Therefore, the letter was dropped in a series of orthographic reforms: in Serbian with the reform of Vuk Karadžić, which was later adopted for Macedonian, in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian roughly with the October revolution, and in Bulgarian as late as 1945.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Yat (901 words)

	Common Slavonic - Definition, explanation
		Common Slavonic was the common language spoken by the Slavs.
		In the 10th–12th centuries Common Slavonic eventually broke up into the ancestors of the modern Slavic languages.
		The Common Slavic language spoken before the 6th century is reconstructed, as there are no documents written in this language, and called Proto-Slavic.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/co/common_slavonic.php (116 words)

	Slavic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.
		The imposition of Church Slavonic on Orthodox Slavs was often at the expense of the vernacular.
		Church Slavonic language, derived from Old Church Slavonic, but with significant replacement of the original vocabulary by forms from the Old Russian language and other regional forms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slavonic_languages (2306 words)

	Slavonic languages
		Although this process was common to all the Slavic dialects, which were still connected with each other at that period, it took place slowly and at different rates in different dialects, beginning in the 10th to the 12th century and expanding from the southwest to the northeast.
		Several features are common to the Moravian and Bohemian varieties of the Old Church Slavonic language, to the Slovene (Pannonian) variant reflected in the Freising fragments (late 10th century), and to the Croatian Old Church Slavonic tradition that is attested from the 12th century, as well as to the Serbian tradition.
		From the linguistic point of view, these later Church Slavonic literary languages differ from the earlier varieties chiefly in their systems of vowels; the early nasalized vowels were replaced by different later reflexes, and the reduced vowels (yers), with the exception of those followed by a syllable containing another yer, were generally lost.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05slavoniclanguages.html (5789 words)

	Yat - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Its name in Old Church Slavonic is ѣть (yět') or ıать (yat'), in Bulgarian ят (yat), in Russian and Ukrainian ять (yat'), in Serbian јат (yat, Croatian spelling jat).
		In the modern Latin alphabet (Czech language and the common scientific transliteration for old Slavic languages) the letter is represented by "e with caron": ě.
		In the Russian language, confusion between the yat and e in writing occurs from the earliest records, but when exactly the final disappearance of the original sound from all dialects took place is a topic of scientific debate.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Yat (800 words)

	Yer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Old Church Slavonic language, yer was a vowel letter, indicating the so-called "reduced vowel" [ъ].
		From the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries, the original [ъ] sound became extinct in all Slavic languages; this so-called fall of the yers is typically considered as marking the final disintegration of Common Slavonic.
		For determining whether a yer is strong or weak, it is necessary to break the continuous flow of speech into individual words, or very common phrases (typically prepositional) which are entirely run together in speech.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Yer (507 words)

	[Project Rastko] THE HISTORY OF SERBIAN CULTURE - Pavle Ivic: Standard language as an instrument of culture and the ...
		The common literary language and common alphabet of the Bulgars, Serbs and Russians facilitated sharing of literary and scholarly works among those milieus, and thus to a great extent one may say that they had a common literature.
		Both Church Slavonic and Russian were too far removed from the living language of the Serbs; large segments of the population did not understand texts written in those languages.
		Conservative leaders in the church defended the Orthodox heritage characterised in Church Slavonic words and the traditional set of Cyrillic letters, whereas most of the writers and most of the bourgeoisie were not ready to sacrifice their "noble" language, which they elevated above the speech patterns of the peasantry.
	www.rastko.org.yu /isk/pivic-standard_language.html (4708 words)

	Metropolitan Cantor Institute - Church Slavonic
		Church Slavonic is the liturgical language for Eastern Churches in Slavic regions ranging from Serbia and Bulgaria in the South through Finland to the north.
		There is little in the Church Slavonic corpus of literature of wide scholarly interest because most of the material and virtually all of the early material is translations from other sources where the originals still exist.
		This is primarily a Church Slavonic Psalter in Cyrillic.
	metropolitancantorinstitute.org /ChurchSlavonic.html (2952 words)

	Old Church Slavonic
		The standard variety that developed in Russia, referred merely as Church Slavonic language, is still used today as the language of the Orthodox churches in Russia, Bulgaria and Serbia and sometimes in Bohemia.
		Old Church Slavonic was written in two alphabets known as Glagolitic and Cyrillic (the invention of Glagolitic has been traditionally ascribed to St. Cyril).
		It continued to be written by the Rumanians untill the 18th century and by the Serbs and Bulgarians until the 19th century.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/O/Old_Church_Slavonic.html (841 words)

	Russian language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Within the Slavic family, Russian is one of three members of the East Slavic group, the other two being Belarusian and Ukrainian.
		In many places in Ukraine and Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilinguism resulted in language mixture, e.g.
		The official language remained a kind of Church Slavonic until the close of the seventeenth century, but, despite attempts at standardization, as by Meletius Smotrytsky c.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Russian_language (3039 words)

	Sts. Cyrilus and Methodius
		In the meantime, at the beginning of the 10th century, Old Slavonic was expanding rapidly and became the standard language of the liturgy for all the Slavs who had accepted conversion to Byzantine Christianity.
		Thus as Latin was the "mother-tongue" of all the Romance languages, so was the Common Slavonic language the "mother-tongue" of the languages of the Slavs.
		The Old Slavonic language, which had the privilege of being the first one to be recorded, enjoys the rights of the first-born.
	www.mymacedonia.net /language/stsbrothers.htm (2530 words)

	Our Slavic Language
		The Slavonic language was introduced into the Byzantine liturgy by the Apostles of the Slavs, SS.
		The invention of the Slavic letters and introduction of the Slavonic language into worship could be considered a genial work, a real miracle, since it surpassed all the literary attempts made in the Middle Ages.
		Until the tenth century the dialectical differences of Slavonic languages were negligible and the Old-Slavonic language was used as a literary language by all the Slavs.
	www.carpatho-rusyn.org /spirit/chap4.htm (1335 words)

	Russian Language Facts
		While it preserves much of its ancient synthetic-inflexional structure and a Common Slavonic word base, modern Russian shares a large stock of the international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology.
		The Slavonic languages retained many features in common especially in grammatical structure, therefore the separate groups were able to use one common written language.
		The Middle Style, which combined features of both East Slavonic and Church Slavonic is the style which came to form the basis of the modern standard language.
	www.languagehelpers.com /languagefacts/russian.html (1667 words)

	PRIMARY - Online Information article about PRIMARY
		Slavonic and in Sorb, and is found in the older stages of the other See also:
		The passive is. expressed either by the use of the passive participles or by the reflexive sg, which can refer to the 1st and 2nd persons as well as to the 3rd.
		In common with Polish, R. further has the retention of y (II.) and the loss of the aor.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PRE_PYR/PRIMARY.html (4212 words)

	Church Slavonic - OrthodoxWiki
		Church Slavonic originated as a literate language when the missionary Constantine (later called Cyril) in the ninth century devised an alphabet for the spoken language of the Slavs of Great Moravia.
		Church Slavonic continued as the common liturgical language of the Orthodox Churches of the Slavic area including the Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbian churches even an the common spoken languages of the people changed.
		Church Slavonic remained the literary language in Russia until the 17/18th centuries and was generally not spoken outside of church services.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Church_Slavonic (387 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Yer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The letter is called back yer in the pre-reform Russian orthography, in Old Russian, and in Old Church Slavonic.
		In the Old Church Slavonic language, the yer was a vowel letter, indicating the so-called "reduced vowel": Ñ = {{IPA[Å]}}, Ñ = {{IPA[Ä]}} in the conventional transcription.
		The rule for determining which yers are weak and which are strong is known as HavlÃk's law.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Yer (821 words)

	Slavica Helsingiensia
		Department of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures at the University of Helsinki, Finland.
		The numerous dialect dictionaries and vocabularies of the East Slavonic languages and the most important dictionaries of all Slavonic languages form the main source of lexical material for the etymologization of the words in question.
		The chosen approach to the evolving im-age of the city in Brodsky's poetry is through four metaphors: St. Peters-burg as "the common place" of the Petersburg Text, St. Petersburg as "Paradise and/or Hell", St. Petersburg as "a Utopian City" and St. Peters-burg as "a Void".
	www.slav.helsinki.fi /eng/publications/sh.htm (2771 words)

	macmodlan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		It belongs to the groups of South Slavonic languages, alongside Serbo-Croat and Slovene, and is also one of the Balkan languages (forming the Balkan Sprachbund), together with Romanian, Albanian, Modern Greek and, partially, Serbian.
		Middle Bulgarian was a transitional stage during which the language underwent crucial changes leading to its emergence as a 'Balkan' language with analytic characteristics; owing to the strong tradition of the liturgical literature, however the actual changes found in the vernaculars were hardly reflected in the manuscripts.
		Late twentieth-century literary Bulgarian and Macedonian have to be regarded as representatives of both the 'Slavonic' languages and the 'Balkan' languages.
	www.ucc.ie /staff/jprodr/macedonia/macmodlan.html (1060 words)

	A History of the Russian Language
		For this reason, the ancestor of Old Church Slavonic (OCS, the oldest written form of Common Slavonic) was the Macedonian dialect (Matthews 75).
		These words are common to the Russian, Byelorussian, and Ukrainian languages of the present day, but are absent from the Western and Southern groups of Slavic languages.
		Together, these words of Common-Slavonic, Eastern Slavonic, pure Russian, and foreign origin come together in a rich and complex lexicon — what I believe to be one of the most fascinating aspects of the modern Russian language.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/russian.html (2753 words)

	History of the Orthodox Church
		Unlike the Copts or Armenians who broke from the Church in the fifth century and established ethnic churches at the cost of their universality and catholicity, the eastern and western parts of the Church remained loyal to the faith and authority of the seven ecumenical councils.
		Despite the lack of a centralized authority, however, all members of this living body are bound together by a common canonical and liturgical tradition, by a single doctrinal and sacramental unity, and by a common faith stretching back to the original Christian nucleus of Apostolic times.
		As the Orthodox statement at the Evanston Assembly of 1954 states, it is to "the faith of the ancient, united and indivisible Church of the seven ecumenical councils, namely, to the pure and unchanged and common heritage of the forefathers of all divided Christians" that we bear witness.
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article7053.asp (8510 words)

	About this Site - Help Me Learn Church Slavonic
		One of the challenges of having a web site dedicated to Church Slavonic is the fact that the Church Slavonic alphabet has a unique look and there is not a standard encoding for Church Slavonic fonts.
		I briefly considered using Russian characters to represent the Church Slavonic characters, since there is a standard Internet encoding for Russian and since many prayer books and musical settings of texts use Russian characters.
		I settled on a compromise of using transliterated text in conjunction with a graphics-based "font" that uses GIF images to represent Church Slavonic letters.
	justin.zamora.com /slavonic/about.html (299 words)

	Old Church Slavonic Online: Series Introduction
		These are the regions of the first missionary work among the Slavs by the monks Cyril and Methodius, who devised in the 9th Century AD the first full-fledged writing system to represent the indigenous language.
		Although Old Church Slavonic (OCS) is the oldest documented Slavic language, it is not the language from which the other Slavic languages evolved any more than Sanskrit is the language from which the other Indo-European languages evolved.
		Hence the terminology Church Slavonic or Church Slavic, and for the oldest documents of this, Old Church Slavonic or Old Church Slavic.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/depts/lrc/eieol/ocsol-0-X.html (1716 words)

	Yer - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In the Old Church Slavonic language, the yer was a vowel letter, indicating the so-called "reduced vowel": ъ = [ŭ], ь = [ĭ] in the conventional transcription.
		These vowels stemmed from the Indo-European short [u] and [i] (compare Latin angŭlŭs and Old Church Slavonic ѪГЪЛЪ).
		In Russian, the yers were dropped entirely in "weak" positions, and were replaced by non-reduced vowels in "strong" positions.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Yer (839 words)

	Serbian:Introduction - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		The Slavonic languages (also called Slavic languages) is name for a group of closely related languages of the Slavonic peoples and a subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
		Within the individual Slavonic languages, dialects may vary to a lesser degree, as those of Russian, or to a much greater degree, as those of Slovenian.
		During the historical development of the Southern Slavonic common language, two groups were formed inside it: the Western group, and the Eastern group.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Serbian:Introduction (2079 words)

	Russian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		While it preserves much of its ancient structure and a Common Slavonic word base Russian shares a large stock of the vocabulary for politics science and technology.
		The basic vocabulary principles of word-formation and some extent inflexions and literary style of have been influenced by Church Slavonic a developed and partly adopted form the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church.
		The failure of the Slavonic open-syllable requirement in part through the loss of the vowels the so-called fall of the yers which alternately lengthened and dropped: OR объ мьн /obŭ mĭně/ > R обо мне /obo mn'e/ "about me"; OR сънъ /sŭnŭ/ > R сон /son/ "sleep" (nom.
	www.freeglossary.com /Russian_language (5333 words)

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