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Topic: Common Tern

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Sternidae

Arctic Tern

Roseate Tern

Little Tern

Farne Islands

Common Shag

Grey Seal

Bird migration

Laridae

Charadriiformes

Procellariiformes

Muscicapidae

Passerine

Eubacteria

Arctic Tern

	Encyclopedia: Common Tern
		The Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		Like many white terns, it is very defensive of its nest and young and will attack humans and other large predators, but unlike the more aggressive Arctic Tern rarely hits the intruder, usually swerving off at the last moment.
		Common terns inhabit sand and shell beaches, grassy uplands and rocky inland shores in North and South America, Eurasia, and northern Africa.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Common-Tern (954 words)

	Common Tern
		Common Terns are not the most abundant tern species in Britain and Ireland, but are probably the most familiar owing to their breeding range being among the widest of seabird breeding in Britain and Ireland.
		Tern populations in NW Europe were bought to the brink of extirpation at the end of the nineteenth century by hunting of adults for the millinery trade, but recovered in response to protective legislation in the early twentieth century.
		Common Terns have benefited from habitat creation by man in the form of gravel pits, tern rafts in reservoirs, islets in industrial lagoons and structures in ports, and from maintenance of habitat on reserves by control of vegetation succession and gull competition.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2895 (1456 words)

	Common Tern Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The common tern is the most widespread and abundant tern in New York.
		The common tern secures its prey in a fashion similar to other terns, striking the water in shallow dives or skimming the surface.
		In the early 1900's, common terns were almost extirpated by plume hunters.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/cotefs.html (578 words)

	Tern Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A total of 467 pairs of Common Terns and 2 pairs of late-nesting Roseate Terns nested on Jenny Island this summer and no nocturnal predators were documented on the island for the first time since 1991 (the first year of restoration efforts on the island).
		In 2003, 164 pairs of Roseate Terns (0.92 chicks/pair), 77 pairs of Arctic Terns (0.64 chicks/pair) and 992 pairs of Common Terns (0.97 chicks/pair) nested.
		We suspect that the slight decline in the tern colony was due to the falcon’s presence during egg-laying.
	www.projectpuffin.org /news/2003TernUpdate.html (755 words)

	Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae.
		Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters.
		Terns in the genus Sterna have deeply forked tails, those in Chlidonias and Larosterna shallowly forked tails, while the noddies (genera Anous, Procelsterna, Gygis) have unusual 'notched wedge' shaped tails, the longest tail feathers being the middle-outer, not the central nor the outermost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tern (432 words)

	Common Terns (Sterna hirundo)
		Black terns nest along sandy shores, but as their name suggests, they are fl and tend to be smaller than the common tern.
		Common terns construct their nests by creating a depression in the sand with their feet, smoothing and shaping it by sifting in it and turning their bodies.
		Common terns were using the old coal dock and a rock pile in the harbor as their nesting sites.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12202-32993--,00.html (876 words)

	Common Tern Detailed Information - Montana Animal Field Guide
		Common Terns are widely distributed throughout the state during migration, but breeding is primarily restricted to open lake habitat on the plains, where nesting takes place on islands within these larger bodies of water (Johnsgard 1986, Montana Bird Distribution 2003).
		The extreme migration dates for the Common Tern are April 23, 1993 at Freezout Lake and October 3, 1960 in Madison County (Reichel 1996).
		In general, the Common Tern is a colonial nesting species and may be found in colonies of tens or hundreds of pairs, though they may range from a few (rarely singly) to several thousand (Nisbet 2002).
	fwp.mt.gov /fieldguide/detail_ABNNM08070.aspx (1905 words)

	Common Tern
		Heavy winds and wave action destroy a few of the tern nests on the spit that are not protected, however many of the terns initiated second nests on slightly higher ground and under the grid system.
		The nesting colony of common terns on Hennepin Island produced 200 fledglings in 2000, which constituted the highest number of fledglings produced since the project was initiated.
		In 2003, 51 common terns fledged from the island.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/RiceLake/common_tern.htm (217 words)

	Welcome to Audubon Vermont!
		Common Terns nest on isolated beaches and islands as well as on dredge spoils and marshes.
		Common Terns leave Vermont in late August to return to their wintering grounds in the tropics.
		Common Tern numbers have fluctuated over the past several years from about 140 pairs in 1998-1999 to 180 pairs in 2001.
	vt.audubon.org /terns.html (622 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Common Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Generally, in summer the bill of the Common Tern is reddish with a fl tip, that of the Arctic is blood-red and the Roseate's may be all fl or have a small reddish area about the base.
		In flight, the broad, sooty trailing edge on the underside of the Common Tern's primaries contrasts with the narrower, sharper edges of the Arctic and the whiter underwings of the Roseate.
		At rest, juvenile Common Terns can be distinguished from the other two by their darker "shoulder" mark which appears as a dark bar on the upper forewing in flight.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0187.htm (653 words)

	Common Tern
		Although the Prince of MUSIGNANO has thought that the bird named the Common Tern in America, differs from that bearing the same name in Europe, and has in consequence changed its appellation to that of Wilson's Tern, I am of opinion that no difference exists between the Common Terns of the two Continents.
		The Common Tern commences breeding on the coast of our Middle Districts about the 5th of May. On my voyage to Labrador, I found its eggs on the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and especially on the Magdalene Islands, which I visited on the 11th of that month.
		The nest of the Common Tern is, as I have said, a mere hollow made in the loose sand of some island or mainland beach, scantily tufted with wiry grass, or strewed with sea-weeds.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F42_G2e.html (2369 words)

	One Good Tern Deserves Another
		Common terns, associated with large bodies of water, need relatively vegetation-free islands or peninsulas, naturally protected from most predators, to safely scoop their cup-shaped nests into the ground.
		Migration: A common tern is documented as the longest migrator.
		Terns immediately made nest cups in the sand and an egg was laid two days after the work was done.
	www.lakesuperior.com /online/224/224terns.html (1663 words)

	Machias Seal Island research report
		In 1998, based on Jason Hudson’s observations of terns in 14 areas of the island, the species ratio of terns nesting on the island was determined to be 70% Arctic Terns and 30% Common Terns.
		The growth rates of Common and Arctic Terns during the 1996 season, as well as the 1998 season, also appear to be lower than for other years (Table 9, Figure 3, 4, 5 and 6).
		The Common Terns also brought in a much higher percentage of pollack in 1999 than in previous years; it was the second most common food item after herring.
	www.unb.ca /acwern/msireport/report.html (5622 words)

	IFWIS - Common tern
		Common terns are known to frequent sand or pebble beaches, stone or rocky shores, grassy uplands, or even areas with dense vegetation 02,04,07.
		Common terns usually raise 1 brood per year although 2 broods may be raised 04.
		Common terns seen feeding 2-6 km from colony 27.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /chf/pub/ifwis/birds/common-tern.html (1297 words)

	Arctic Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This first-summer (i.e., born in 1999) Arctic Tern was initially spotted by Tony Lauro in a small group of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Democrat Point at the extreme western tip of Fire Island.
		We were able to study the tern at leisure and I managed to take several minutes of video of the tern both in flight and on the ground, as well as a handful of photographs.
		Other features which help eliminate Common Tern of this age are the uniform uppersides to the primaries, due to the fact that first-summer Arctic Terns have already molted and all the primaries are the same age.
	home.earthlink.net /~andyguthrie/arctern.htm (395 words)

	Common Tern
		Common Tern: Breeds in North America along the Atlantic Coast from the northern Maritime Provinces of Canada to South Carolina, and occasionally in the Gulf of Mexico or on large inland lakes.
		Common Tern: Two to four olive or brown eggs are laid in a simple scrape built above the high tide line in sand, gravel, shells or windrowed seaweed and lined with vegetation.
		Common Tern: The call is a harsh, rolling "kee-urr," with a downward inflection.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/465/_/Common_Tern.aspx (815 words)

	TERN REPORT - 2005 - Ted C. D'Eon
		One dead Common tern and one Arctic were intact except that both of their wings were broken.
		The almost intact Common Tern was on the vegetated part of the island where Common Tern nesting is the most concentrated; the Arctic Tern, with the other dead terns, were found in the depression on the island where my observation platform used to be.
		One of the victims appeared to be a Common or an Arctic tern in "portlandica" plumage.
	www.geocities.com /teddeon509/tern05.html (3952 words)

	AllRefer.com - tern (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		tern, common name for a sea bird of the Old and New Worlds, smaller than the related gull.
		The arctic tern migrates from the arctic to the antarctic.
		Terns are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Charadriiformes, family Laridae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/tern.html (183 words)

	New York State's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species Fact Sheet - Roseate Tern
		The flight of this bird is distinctive, with rapid, shallow wingbeats of equal emphasis on the upstroke and downstroke.
		The roseate tern population is estimated to have fallen by 75% since the 1930's.
		A recent success in New York was the nesting of roseate terns and 60 pairs of common terns on Gardiners Point Island in 1995.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/rotefs.html (583 words)

	Tern at exZOOberance!
		Most terns nest on the ground in dense colonies in open areas such as beach or tundra; nests vary from a simple depression to an elaborate structure of twigs, grass, and bits of shell.
		The arctic tern is classified as Sterna paradisaea, the Caspian tern as Sterna caspia, the least tern as Sterna antillarum, and Forster's tern as Sterna forsteri.
		The white, or fairy, tern is classified as Cygis alba, the common tern as Sterna hirundo, the roseate tern as Sterna dougallii, and the sooty tern as Sterna fuscata.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20fly/tern/tern.htm (521 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Laridae - Common Tern (Sterna hirundo)
		The upper, apical third of the Arctic Tern's wing is not heavily suffused with fl.
		The primary feathers (the large feathers in the apical half of the wing) of Forster's Tern are striped white and dark gray.
		In contrast the primary feathers of the Common Tern are either gray or dark gray.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/gulls/Shirund.htm (406 words)

	Common Tern, Sterna hirundo
		Among recoveries in the tropics are terns in their first summer after ringing; some do not breed until four years old although they may wander in a previous summer to European waters.
		A comparison with Dutch, French and Swiss common tern recoveries confirms they are similar to the British: many from France, Spain and Portugal; fair numbers from Senegal and Ghana but few from South Africa.
		Finally, an astonishing common tern casualty from Australia; a Swedish bird, it was recovered when a mere six months old.
	www.birdsofbritain.co.uk /bird-guide/common-tern.htm (368 words)

	Welcome to Audubon Vermont!
		The largest of the four islands in the Common Tern Island Important Bird Area (IBA) Complex, Grammas Island is located in the northeast arm of Lake Champlain in the town of North Hero.
		It is on the southeast spit that Common Terns sporadically nest.
		Common Terns uses thes locations primarily for re-nesting purposes as they are usually not available for nest early in the season.
	www.audubon.org /chapter/vt/vt/nestingLocations.html (1444 words)

	ASNH Research - Tern Restoration in 2003
		Common Terns climbed from close to 1700 pairs in 2002 to over 2400 pairs, while roseates jumped from 26 to 63 pairs.
		The continued strong growth of both common and roseate terns sends a strong message that a suitable breeding location was needed in this part of the Gulf of Maine.
		Other tern restoration projects have shown that productivity of these colonies is directly correlated to the level of management aimed at eliminating or ameliorating factors that currently limit successful tern nesting.
	www.nhaudubon.org /research/03terns.htm (491 words)

	Bird Watcher's Digest: Species Identification: Common Tern
		The common tern is medium gray above, with a fl cap and nape, and paler below.
		In breeding plumage the common tern is not white on the body as it is the rest of the year.
		Common terns breed in large colonies in northern North America and on the East Coast, and they are fairly common migrants on the Pacific coast from Washington south, rare in winter along the Gulf Coast and in southern California.
	www.birdwatchersdigest.com /site/backyard_birds/bird_id/common_tern.aspx (278 words)

	Sterna hirundo
		The Common Tern is so similar to the closely related Arctic Tern, that many birdwatchers admit defeat and simply call them 'Commic Terns'.
		Common Terns also have longer legs than Arctic Terns and their shorter tails don't protrude beyond the wing tips.
		The juveniles can be distinguished from Arctic Terns by the conspicuous dark panel in the forewing which, at rest, stands out as a dark patch near the bend of the wing.
	www.birdguides.com /html/vidlib/species/Sterna_hirundo.htm (292 words)

	Beach Sweeps - Common Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the early part of the century, terns almost disappeared because of the demand for their white feathers in the millinery trade.
		During the breeding season, the common tern is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, especially in the boreal zone, and it winters in tropical coastal waters.
		A tern nest is very simple and very difficult to spot, as are the eggs which look lie pebbles.
	www.glf.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /sci-sci/beach-rivage/tern-sterne-e.html (231 words)

	Common Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Common Tern breeding colonies range from a few pairs at many inland breeding colonies, to thousands of pairs on the North Shore.
		During the last ten years, many Common Tern populations in Quebec have again declined; possible factors include human disturbance, predation on young terns by gulls, owls and mammals, and competition with gulls for nest sites.
		In Ontario, many of the threats facing Common Terns were eliminated after the installation of nesting rafts to be used by Common Terns.
	www.redpath-museum.mcgill.ca /Qbp/birds/Specpages/commontern.htm (157 words)

	Pennsylvania Game Commission - State Wildlife Management Agency: Common Tern
		POPULATION TREND: Common terns (Sterna Hirundo) are uncommon to fairly common regular migrants over most of Pennsylvania; the greatest numbers are recorded along Lake Erie where they are fairly common to abundant.
		Common terns were never considered common nesters in eastern Pennsylvania, but at Presque Isle State Park, up until the 1930s, scores nested in a colony site before they were repeatedly driven away by recreational swimmers.
		PREFERRED HABITAT: Common terns are usually seen flying over lakes, slow-moving rivers, or occasionally marshes; or perched on beaches, sand pits, mudflats, or on structures such as buoys or piers.
	www.pgc.state.pa.us /pgc/cwp/view.asp?a=486&q=152652 (512 words)

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