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Topic: Common toad

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	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Common toad
		Common toads are opportunistic feeders, catching invertebrates such as insects, larvae, spiders, slugs and worms, on their sticky tongues.
		Common toads are solitary, except during the breeding.
		Common toads hibernate in October, typically under deep leaf litter, logs, timber piles, or in burrows and drainpipes.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/481.shtml (769 words)

	Toad
		Toads are a group of tailless amphibians of stout build, with more or less warty skin.
		The type of the family is the common toad[?], Bufo bufo, and round it cluster a large number of species of the same genus, and some smaller genera.
		Toads and the preservation of their habitat play an important role in Carl Hiaasen's 1999 novel Sick Puppy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/to/Toad.html (279 words)

	Untitled Document
		Toad populations appear to be relatively secure in the region, with the major cause of mortality seemingly attributed to road activity during peak migrations.
		Toads may be seen throughout the fall, especially after a rainy night, until the weather turns cold.
		American toad egg strings can be separated from Fowler's toads by the presence of an inner layer in the gelatin tube and partitions separating the eggs, which are usually in single file (Wright and Wright 1949).
	www.uri.edu /cels/nrs/paton/LH_ea_toad.html (1465 words)

	Madingley Toad Rescue - Life cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Toads are froglike amphibians that can usually be distinguished from frogs by their drier and rougher skins, often described as 'warty' in appearance, due to a large number of glandular tubercules.
		Toads are shy, usually nocturnal animals that live mostly on land, hiding during the day in dark, damp places and becoming active at night in search of insects, grubs, slugs, worms, and other invertebrates.
		Toads which are usually shy and secretive animals come out in mass during the mating season and congregate at their breeding ponds, often returning to the same grounds in which they were spawned.
	members.tripod.com /toadrescue/life.htm (672 words)

	Common Toad - Bufo bufo
		Common Toads emerge from hibernation in late February and start a hazardous journey to their breeding ponds.
		The spawn of the common toad is easily distinguished from that of the common frog as it is laid in strings not clumps.
		Common Toads often breed in the same water as the Common Frog (Rana temporaria) and may be confused with them.
	www.herpetofauna.co.uk /common_toad.htm (540 words)

	Hull LBAP : Common Toad
		Common Toads are generally brownish in colour and have rough warty skin.
		Common Toads are very useful to have in the garden as they eat slugs, snails and a wide variety of other small creatures.
		Toads depend entirely on the availability of a clean fresh water source to breed and so are a good indicator of the health of the environment.
	www.hull.ac.uk /HBP/ActionPlan/CToad.htm (978 words)

	Common Toad (Bufo bufo)
		The Common toad is a widespread species and is present in nearly every 10km square in the county, but is recorded less frequently than the Common frog and represents 27% of the total amphibian records.
		Toads are more colourful in the breeding season, especially the males with a dorsal colouration ranging from yellow or green to brown with a few darker markings.
		Toads are often found in fishing pools as the tadpoles have toxic skins and are not predated upon by fish.
	www.wartsoc.co.uk /bb.html (502 words)

	Common toad - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		Common toads vary from dark brown, grey and olive green to sandy-coloured.
		Common toads excavate a shallow burrow that they return to after foraging for prey.
		Common toads tend to live away from water, except when mating, and hibernate during the winter in deep leaf litter, log piles and in burrows.
	www.rspb.org.uk /gardens/guide/atoz/c/commontoad.asp (275 words)

	Toad - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A distinction is often made between frogs and toads on the basis of their appearance, prompted by the convergent adaptation among so-called toads to dry environments, which often entails a brown skin for camouflage that is also dry and leathery for better water retention.
		The type species of the family Bufonidae is the Common Toad, Bufo bufo, and around it cluster a large number of species of the same genus and some smaller genera.
		Almost all toads of the family Bufonidae have two lumps on either side of the back of their head, called the parotoid glands.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Toad (380 words)

	Toad - LoveToKnow 1911
		TOAD, a name commonly applied, in contradistinction to "frog," to tailless batrachians of stout build, with more or less warty skin.
		But the true toads are the Bufonidae, arciferous batrachians with dilated processes to the sacral vertebra and without any teeth in the jaws.
		The type of the family is our common toad, Bufo vulgaris, and round it cluster a large number of species of the same genus, and the smaller genera Eupemphix, Pseudophryne, Nectophryne, Nectes, Notaden, Myobatrachus, Rhinophrynus and Cophophryne.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Toad (292 words)

	Common Toads - bufo bufo - UK Safari
		The colour of the toad varies according to the colour of the soil in its habitat.
		Toads are easier to find in the springtime when they often walk for long distances across land to return to their breeding ponds.
		The skin of the Common Toad is cool and dry to the touch, but it contains a substance that burns the mouths of animals if they try to eat one.
	www.uksafari.com /toads.htm (310 words)

	Common Toad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Common Toad (Bufo bufo) or European Toad is widespread throughout Europe, with the exception of Ireland and some Mediterranean islands.
		Common Toads eat invertebrates such as insects, larvae, spiders, slugs and worms, which they catch on their sticky tongues.
		Toads generally hunt at night, and are most active in wet weather.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_Toad (340 words)

	Definition of Toad from dictionary.net
		Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water.
		Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid.
		Note: The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species.
	www.dictionary.net /toad (133 words)

	Toad Facts
		The Common Toad (Bufo Bufo) which is usually brown with warty skin, and the much rarer Natterjack Toad (Bufo Calamita) which is grey /green with a distinctive yellow stripe down the centre of its back.
		Toads in an area of Northern Germany are being killed off by a mysterious disease.
		We all know that toads eat flies but in the Arizona Desert in the USA the larvae of a sand flies wait in the sand until a toad passes by.
	www.toadholidays.co.uk /html/toad_facts.html (426 words)

	Sonoran Desert Toad - Bufo alvarius
		Toads have dry, warty skin with a raised area behind the eyes.
		The desert toad is olive green in color with a white "wart" bumpy area near the jaw and on the back legs.
		The Sonoran Desert Toad is the largest toad found in the United States, and it measures 7 inches in size.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /sonorantoad.htm (211 words)

	The common toad - Venezuelatuya
		In the case of the common Toad, the parotid glands are well developed, located behind the eardrums to both sides of the neck.
		Although it is perceived as toxic, in some tropical regions the skin of the toads is put to the fire prior to being been used in empiric medicine as a sure cure against the erysipelas.
		Toads in general are excellent insect and small mice predators, reason why they constitute a natural control of plagues associated to agricultural or human housings.
	www.venezuelatuya.com /natura/043eng.htm?xGVz3B4Jvdw8 (255 words)

	Sonoran Desert Toad (Bufo alvarius) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This toad is common in the Sonoran Desert.
		Sonoran Desert toads have extremely potent, defensive toxins that are released from several glands (primarily the paratoids) in the skin.
		Colorado River toads are impressive amphibians, the largest toads in the Sonoran Desert, with an equally impressive diet of insects, including the large palo verde wood borer beetles.
	www.desertmuseum.org /books/desert_toad.html (538 words)

	Robyn's Toad Page
		American toads are often the first of the frogs and toads to breed in ponds, along with the spring peepers.
		Toad killers suggest killing by tossing tadpoles on the lawn to dessicate, poisoning with fungal killers (adding chemicals to a pond should not be done haphazardly), or even mowing over the newly formed toads!
		Here is a photo of two mating toads (left arrow) and the strings of eggs all over the pots (right arrow), taken 5/22/97 when the pond was still new enough that the water was clear (note that it became crystal clear again in 1999!).
	www.fishpondinfo.com /toad.htm (3304 words)

	Common Toad - Bufo bufo, species information page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Common Toad is widespread throughout the whole of Europe and Asia, abundant everywhere except Ireland, it will be found in woods, fields, gardens, and any dark moist areas.
		Common Toads often live in the same water as the Common Frog (Rana temporaria) and are often confused with them.
		At 8 to 12cm (3 - 5in) the toad is larger than the frog (6 - 9cm, 2.5 - 3.5in) which prefers to hop whereas the toad generally walks.
	www.brickfieldspark.org /data/commontoad.htm (193 words)

	Common toad - Bufo bufo - English Nature
		Common toads are very useful pest killers and eat a range of creatures including slugs.
		Toads return to the water to breed in early spring, laying spawn in narrow strings wrapped around submerged plants rather than in clumps, like frogs.
		Toad tadpoles are more difficult to establish in garden ponds than frogs and seem to thrive best in fish ponds, especially if the water weed which would otherwise support a high density of predatory insects is removed in the autumn.
	www.plantpress.com /wildlife/o334-commontoad.php (489 words)

	Toad - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Toad, common name for a group of frog-like amphibians that are usually distinguished from frogs by the roughness of the skin, which has a large...
		Horned Lizard, common name for a genus of short-tailed, short-legged lizards in the iguana family.
		Surinam Toad, common name for several species of aquatic amphibians native to muddy river bottoms of eastern and northern South America.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Toad.html (152 words)

	Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens: Marine Toad
		Toads have a marked homing instinct in which the mechanism is not fully understood.
		Toads were sometimes considered to be positive omens, that good fortune was expected within the very near future.
		Throughout the marine toad’s historic range, the rapid decline of suitable habitat due to human encroachment, development and pollution is causing a decline in their wild numbers.
	www.jaxzoo.org /animals/biofacts/MarineToad.asp (750 words)

	Invite a Toad to Dinner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Toads may not be the best guests to have around the dinner table, but they are great to have in your yard.
		Toads can also change their color or shade to match their surroundings, though this ability is limited.
		Toads are active at night, coming out of their hiding places in search of food.
	www.fairfaxcounty.gov /nvswcd/newsletter/invitetoad.htm (488 words)

	TOAD questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TOADs (and frogs) are cold-blooded and their body processes slow down as the outside temperature drops.
		TOADs (and frogs) who live in dry places where rains are seasonal have to grow up quickly because the tadpoles will die if their temporary ponds dry up first.
		The Surinam TOAD is probably the weirdest of all: it carries its tadpoles around in a built-in nest in the spongy skin on its back.
	www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk /~erik/toad/frames_questions.html (1040 words)

	Bufo bufo - the Common Toad
		Most toads are brown or olive-brown, but you may occasionally see a brick-red young toad; it will become much browner as it matures.
		Toads move more slowly than frogs, and they tend to feed more at night, when the small creatures they prey upon are less able to escape.
		It is smaller than the common toad and has a distinctive yellow stripe down the middle of its back.
	www.first-nature.com /amphibians/bufo_bufo.htm (239 words)

	Toads
		The Common Toad, as the name suggests, is widespread throughout Britain, although it does not occur in Ireland.
		The Natterjack Toad is found mainly in the coastal dunes of East Anglia and in the North West of England.
		Toads are predators, typically eating insects and small animals such as worms, slugs and snails.
	www.offwell.free-online.co.uk /toads.htm (564 words)

	The common spadefoot toad in the river region - Environmental Data Compendium
		The common spadefoot toad in the river region
		The common spadefoot toad is still found in 16 locations along the rivers: 14 of these are along the IJssel and Overijsselse Vecht (7 inside the dikes and 7 outside the dikes) and the other two are along the Waal and Regge (both inside the dikes).
		The small pools where the toad lives near the big rivers are occasionally inundated with base-rich river water, so their water never becomes too acid.
	www.mnp.nl /mnc/i-en-1212.html (374 words)

	Toad Sounds
		This is because the characteristics that are popularly used to distinguish frogs from toads are not quite the same as those used for scientific classification.
		That the shape of the body is not a safe guide in judging of anuran groups is shown by certain species, such as Bufo jerboa, which has a very slender form and extremely long limbs, even surpassing in length the limbs of typical frogs.
		It differs from the Common Toad in having shorter limbs with nearly free toes (which are so short that the toad never hops but proceeds with a running gait) and in usually possessing orange/red warts, green eyes, and a pale yellow line along the middle of the back.
	www.junglewalk.com /sound/Toad-sounds.htm (444 words)

	toad - definition by dict.die.net
		Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places.
		Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius).
		A very serious action, which can only be done by a MUD wizard; often involves a lot of debate among the other characters first.
	dict.die.net /toad (198 words)

	Wikinfo \| Toad
		The true toads are the members of the Family Bufonidae in the Order Anura of amphibians.
		Although there are characteristics which distinguish frogs from toads in this broader sense, those distinctions do not form the basis for any broad scientific differentiation between the two.
		That the shape of the body is not a safe guide in judging of anuran groups is shown by certain species, such as Bufo jerboa, which has a very slender form and extremely long limbs, surpassing typical frogs, whilst on the other hand, some true frogs (Rana), adapted to burrowing habits, are absolutely toad-like.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=toad (393 words)

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