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	Common descent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology, the theory of universal common descent proposes that all organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor or ancestral gene pool.
		This theory is now generally accepted by biologists, and the last universal common ancestor (LUCA or LUA), that is, the most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms, is believed to have appeared about 3.5 billion years ago (see: origin of life).
		One such tree showing the paths of descent from a common ancestor is depicted in the article on phylogenetic trees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_descent (974 words)

	Most recent common ancestor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most recent common patrilineal ancestor of any two males, and the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of any two individuals can be determined by genealogical DNA tests.
		The most recent common patrilineal ancestor of all living male humans, known as Y-chromosomal Adam, and the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all living female humans, known as Mitochondrial Eve, have been established by researchers using tests of the same kinds of DNA as for two individuals.
		This concept is described in Richard Dawkins' book, The Ancestor's Tale, in which he imagines a backwards 'pilgrimage' in time, during which we humans 'meet' all the other species of organism with which we share a common ancestor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor (996 words)

	29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: the Scientific Case for Common Descent
		In evolutionary theory it thus entails common ancestry, descent with modification, speciation, the genealogical relatedness of all life, transformation of species, and large scale functional and structural changes of populations through time, all at or above the species level (Freeman and Herron 2004; Futuyma 1998; Ridley 1993).
		Common descent is a general descriptive theory that concerns the genetic origins of living organisms (though not the ultimate origin of life).
		Similarly, universal common descent is restricted to the biological patterns found in the Earth's biota; it does not attempt to explain the ultimate origin of life.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/comdesc (2151 words)

	Ancestor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ancestor is also the title of a horror novel by Scott Sigler.
		An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an ancestor (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, and so on).
		Two individuals have a genetic relationship if one is the ancestor of the other or if they share a common ancestor; in evolutionary theory, species who share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of common descent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancestor (171 words)

	Common descent - CreationWiki
		Common descent is the belief that all life evolved from a single, common ancestor or ancestor pool.
		By contrast, the creationist belief in the created kind holds that all species did not descend from a single common ancestor, but that a number of original forms of life were created separately, and that all life descended from those original kinds, undergoing differentiation and microevolution over the years.
		Belief in common descent is largely derived from the similarity among forms of life, particularly the common form and function of many forms of life.
	www.creationwiki.net /index.php?title=Common_descent (601 words)

	Common ancestor - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Identifying common ancestors is one of the tasks you have to do when systematically ordering known species.
		Usually it is these recent common ancestors that biologists/paleontologists are concerned with, and the most recent link between later species would be the last common ancestor (LCA) while the LCA of all contemporary life on Earth is known as the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA).
		A fossil of the common ancestor or a related form is a transitional fossil.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Common_ancestor (281 words)

	Common descent - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Common descent is the idea that two populations or species share a common ancestral species, and are both descended from that ancestor by normal processes of replication.
		The theory of common descent states that all species (on Earth, at least) share common ancestors, back to a single common ancestor of all life.
		The mechanisms that produce diversity from common ancestors are those of the Theory of Evolution.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Common_descent (198 words)

	NOVA Online \| Neanderthals on Trial \| Tracing Ancestry with MtDNA
		Let's get back to "Eve." The ancestor referred to in the 1987 Nature article can be more precisely stated as "the most recent common ancestor through matrilineal descent of all humans living today." In other words, she is the most recent person from whom everyone now living on Earth has inherited his or her mtDNA.
		Furthermore, her status as the most recent common ancestor doesn't mean that she and her contemporaries were any different from their ancestors.
		Perhaps the most valuable finding regarding the "most recent common ancestor" is that she probably lived in Africa -- a finding that supports the most popular theories about the worldwide spread of hominids.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/neanderthals/mtdna.html (1816 words)

	NAI News Article: Clues to the Last Common Ancestor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		She and her colleagues at The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, are looking for molecular traces of precursors to the last common ancestor of all modern cells.
		Eventually, she hopes to enumerate a set of proteins that were the ancestors of the proteins that performed all of the cellular functions in the Last Common Ancestor.
		"Last Common Ancestor" is the term used by scientists to describe the ancient cell that ultimately gave rise to the three great domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya.
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_print.cfm?ID=35 (1311 words)

	[No title]
		Common ancestor: S. Joseph_Fielding S is your 8th cousin 4 times removed.
		Common ancestor: M. Erik_X_Knutsson K is your 7th cousin 27 times removed.
		Common ancestor: R. ### Relatives among the Seventy: Neil Andersen is your 13th cousin.
	roots.cs.byu.edu /samplereport.txt (3733 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Phylogenetics
		The points at which lineages split represent ancestor taxa to the descendant taxa appearing at the terminal points of the cladogram.
		Derived characters are those acquired by the most recent common ancestor of the taxa under consideration.
		Fairly common in certain land plant clades; reticulation is thought to be rare among metazoans.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss1phylo.html (1380 words)

	Automatic File Merging
		The common ancestor file should be loaded into the central file panel and the two newer (modified) files into the left and right panels.
		You should ensure that the common ancestor folder is the one in the centre of the folder comparison window if you are using a three-way folder comparison window to launch file comparison windows.
		Since the two modified files are assumed to be more recent than the common ancestor, changes (inserted, removed, or edited blocks of lines) to the files are applied into the common ancestor unless changes to the two modified files overlap.
	www.araxis.com /merge/topic_automaticmerging.html (827 words)

	Researchers reconstruct parts of the genome of a common mammalian ancestor
		A group of researchers has re-created with remarkable accuracy part of the genome of the common ancestor of all placental mammals, a small shrew-like creature that prowled the forests of what is now Asia more than 80 million years ago.
		The challenge for Haussler and his colleagues was to determine how the DNA sequence of the common ancestor changed in each of the evolutionary lineages leading to current mammals.
		For common ancestors with fewer living descendant species, comparisons would be more difficult, as would also be the case if the speciation process were spread out over a longer time than was the case for placental mammals.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-11/hhmi-rrp112904.php (1470 words)

	Not All Caucasians Are White: The Supreme Court Rejects Citizenship for Asian Indians
		Indeed, as used in the science of ethnology, the connotation of the word is by no means clear and the use of it in its scientific sense as an equivalent for the words of the statute, other considerations aside, would simply mean the substitution of one perplexity for another.
		The eligibility of this applicant for citizenship is based on the sole fact that he is of high caste Hindu stock, born in Punjab, one of the extreme northwestern districts of India, and classified by certain scientific authorities as of the Caucasian or Aryan race.
		The words of the statute, it must be conceded, do not readily yield to exact interpretation, and it is probably better to leave them as they are than to risk undue extension or undue limitation of their meaning by any general paraphrase at this time.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5076 (2289 words)

	Common ancestors of all humans
		Common Ancestor of all living humans - There are trillions of these, stretching from the origin of DNA-based life 4 to 3.5 billion years ago to a lot more recently - perhaps even within historical times, as we shall see.
		We pick him as an example because he is the proven ancestor of some people alive today (for example, he is a proven ancestor of my children).
		And later the Jews of Spain were expelled, and are probably hence the ancestors of much or most of the world's Jews today.
	humphrysfamilytree.com /ca.html (1773 words)

	WORLD'S MOST IMPORTANT GRAINS LINKED TO COMMON ANCESTOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The discovery that a common set of genes are largely responsible for the large seeds and high yields of modern cereal grains could unlock the door to genetic engineering of more productive and nutritious crops.
		Cereal grains are the most common food source throughout the world from the richest to the poorest nations.
		Researchers have believed for years that the grains had a common ancestor, but that theory had not been proven.
	agnews.tamu.edu /dailynews/stories/HORT/grains.htm (627 words)

	In Search of Our "Biblical Common Ancestor" by Patrick Young, Ph.D.
		The primary criteria for the acceptance of these methods by evolutionists are, (1) evolution via common ancestry is fact and (2) humans and apes diverged from a common ancestor about 5 million years ago.
		The genetic conclusion that the common ancestor for all humans originated from Africa is based on the principle of maximum parsimony.
		The primary criterion is based on the notion that humans and chimpanzees diverged from a common ancestor millions of years ago.
	www.creationists.org /patrickyoung/article05.html (3394 words)

	The Panda's Thumb: The Last Universal Common Ancestor
		Though the idea of common ancestry remains valid (indeed evidence for common ancestry is everywhere in the sequence of our genes) there is no longer a need to postulate that all life evolved from a single last universal common ancestor.
		The Archael/Eukaryote branch, by definition, implies the existence of a common ancestor for these two groups and further we can infer that a point on the line leading to the bacterial branch that represents the last common ancestor of all life.
		When in fact all we can say is that the only surviving remnant of that distant ancestor is her mitochondrial genome, and it is extremely unlikely that any of her other genes survive in any human populations.
	www.pandasthumb.org /archives/2005/08/the_last_univer.html (13534 words)

	The Search for LUCA - Last Universal Common Ancestor Natural History - Find Articles
		We infer the existence of this Last Universal Common Ancestor--or LUCA--from the many features shared by all organisms, most notably the unique code that translates the language of DNA into the language of proteins, the things that actually do all the work inside cells.
		Five million years ago, the Homo sapiens branch meets that of chimpanzees; a few million years before that, the common ancestor of humans and chimps merges with gorillas; and so on, back to the first mammal, the first reptile, the first vertebrate, the first multicellular animal.
		This undoubtedly tiny organism was the last common ancestor of all present-day eukaryotes (organisms possessing cells with a nucleus).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_9_109/ai_67410993 (736 words)

	Most Recent Common Ancestor
		In other words, the Most Recent Common Ancestor is not a person -- he is a graph, or a range of probabilities.
		Mutations that alter a person's phsyical appearance or cause a genetic disease tend to be either very common (if the mutation is helpful) or very rare (because everyone with the mutation dies young).
		The Most Recent Common Ancestor analysis will be different depending on the estimated mutation rate, as well as the mathematical model that is used to crunch the numbers.
	www.moonzstuff.com /cheekdna-mrca.html (1415 words)

	LUCA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The majority vision today is more that of a common ancestor resembling either bacteria or archaea, and for some, that of a creature intermediate between prokaryotes (cells without nuclei) and eukaryotes (cells with nuclei).
		The term 'last common ancestor' could be used (and is in effect) for all groups of organisms.
		This work should open on the inventory of proteins common to the three domains, that is to say present similarities of sequence which one could reasonably suppose to all be derived from the same common ancestor (In technical terms, these proteins are said to be homologs).
	www-archbac.u-psud.fr /Meetings/LesTreilles/LesTreilles_e.html (3805 words)

	Scientists Recreate Genome of Ancient Human Ancestor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Haussler noted that there is a common theme to the genome texts of placental mammals, since they are all derived from a common, ancient ancestor.
		The results allowed the scientists to reconstruct a DNA sequence common to each species, including their common ancestor, thought to be the mother of most placental mammals.
		Scientists recreated part of the genome of a later species, known simply as the "boreoeutherian ancestor," which is thought to be the most recent common ancestor of all placental mammals.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/01/0125_050125_genome.html (944 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science -- Scientists find possible ancestor common to humans, great apes
		The last probable common ancestor to humans and great apes had a body like an ape, fingers like a chimp and the upright posture of humans, according to researchers who unearthed a fossil of the animal in Spain.
		WASHINGTON – The last probable common ancestor to humans and great apes had a body like an ape, fingers like a chimp and the upright posture of humans, according to researchers who unearthed a fossil of the animal in Spain.
		Moya-Sola said fossil apes, however, were common in the area millions of years ago.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20041117-2246-humanancestor.html (742 words)

	Conversation with Tim White, p. 4 of 6
		Now, of course, the genetic data can tell you about relationships, but they can't tell you what she looked like or what her mate looked like, what the other people looked like, what they were doing, where they lived, and so on and so forth.
		And so it looks like this is the ancestor of that limited genetic diversity that we see among all people today, that late in human evolutionary history, an individual looking very much like this adult male from Herto would have been ancestral to the people of the world.
		These are organisms -- bipedal, small-brain primates -- that arose in Africa from that common ancestor we shared with chimps.
	globetrotter.berkeley.edu /people3/White/white-con4.html (1926 words)

	Least common ancestor - BioPerl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The least common ancestor (also known as the most recent common ancestor) of a set of node is the lowest node in the tree (relative to the tips) which is the parent of all of them.
		In the figure, the LCA of the nodes boxed in grey is indicated by the arrow.
		Note that the lca of a node 'A' and its decendant 'B' is 'A', not the ancestor of 'A'.
	www.bioperl.org /wiki/Least_common_ancestor (100 words)

	Is it true that birds are "obviously" not dinosaurs?
		Simply, the rule states that all descendants of the species that represents the common ancestor of a clade remain a member of that clade, regardless of how differently the ultimate descendant species may have evolved from its ancestor.
		When arguing whether birds are truly morphologically different enough from their dinosaurian ancestors to warrant making the Dinosauria a paraphyletic group, paraphylists will often summarize their position by such statements as in the opening quote.
		The message behind those statements is that the morphology, or anatomical characteristics, of birds and dinosaurs is so vastly different that even a child, without the keen powers of observation of an adult, when presented with a bird and dinosaur side by side, would state that the bird is not a dinosaur.
	www.dinosauria.com /jdp/archie/poll.htm (2492 words)

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