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Topic: Common bile duct

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	Bile duct - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bile, required for the digestion of food, is excreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct, which opens into the intestine.
		Blockage of the bile duct by a cancer or scarring from injury prevents the bile from being transported to the intestine and the bile accumulates in the blood.
		Jaundice is commonly caused by conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which causes blockage of the bile duct passing through the cancerous portion of the pancreas; cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the common bile duct; blockage by a stone in patients with gallstones; and from scarring after injury to the bile duct during gallbladder removal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bile_duct (260 words)

	Common bile duct - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bile, which is synthesized in the liver, is carried to the right and left hepatic ducts, which converge to form the common hepatic duct.
		The inferior end of the common bile duct merges with the large pancreatic duct ("duct of Wirsung") from the pancreas, into the duodenal ampulla.
		There, the two ducts are surrounded by the muscular hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi) which if contracted, prevents bile from entering the small intestine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_bile_duct (145 words)

	Gazi Tıp Fakültesi - Gazi Medical Journal
		Common bile duct is explored in 15% of all cholecystectomies and the incidence of coexistent common bile duct stone is 65% (1).
		Common bile duct was dilated (18 mm) and an 15 mm echogenity suggesting a stone was demonstrated.
		Common bile duct stones should always be kept in mind while performing elective cholecystectomy, if there is a dilated cystic duct, an increase in the preoperative serum bilirubin levels or a history of acute cholangitis or pancreatitis (3).
	www.med.gazi.edu.tr /gmj/1997_4_171_173.html (1221 words)

	Laparoscopy.com - COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION.
		Dr. Mark PLEATMAN presents a case of laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct via the cystic duct.
		Trans-cystic duct exploration is most suitable for stones below the junction of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct.
		It is frequently unnecessary to dilate the cystic duct for introduction of the 'scope.
	www.laparoscopy.com /pictures/cbd.html (358 words)

	Common Bile Duct Stones
		Transcystic laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCDE) was successful in clearing stones from the CBD 75% of the time and the addition of laparoscopic choledochotomy brought the success of LCDE to 81%.
		Transcystic lithotripsy was considered for patients with CBD stones in disproportion with the size of the cystic duct.
		The results obtained suggest that laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is a technically feasible procedure, with low complication and mortality rates, although it requires adequate selection of patients and a variety of techniques and types of equipment.
	www.foxhall.com /cbdstone.htm (1442 words)

	Doctorliver.com : --------------- Common Bile Duct (CBD) Stones
		Common duct stones are stones in the common bile duct.
		The common bile duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine.
		A T-tube is a catheter used to explore and flush the common duct.
	www.doctorliver.com /common_bile_duct_stones.htm (703 words)

	Common Bile Duct Stones & Lymphoma
		Cholecystectomy and common duct exploration with stone removal led to resolution of the jaundice and return of the serum chemistry studies to normal.
		Bile duct obstruction and choledocholithiasis: diagnosis with MR cholangiography.
		Bile duct obstruction secondary to lymphomatous involvement of the pancreas.
	home.flash.net /~drrad/tf/102698.htm (514 words)

	ACS :: How is bile duct cancer diagnosed?
		A physical examination for patients suspected of having bile duct cancer will include a careful examination of the abdomen to feel for masses or enlarged organs, and a general survey of the rest of the body.
		CT scans are often used to make the initial diagnosis of bile duct cancer and are helpful in staging the cancer (determining the extent of its spread).
		Bile duct cells and tiny fragments of bile duct tissue can also be sampled by biliary brushing.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_3X_How_is_bile_duct_cancer_diagnosed_69.asp?rnav=cri (2030 words)

	Common Bile Duct Stones for Connecticut
		If there was a suspicion that a bile stone was present, a cholangiogram was obtained and if stones were identified in the bile duct an incision was made in the duct and the stones were fished out of the duct.
		After the duct was cleared out, a T-shaped tube was sewn into place to provide drainage of the bile while the bile duct healed.
		Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration can be performed utilizing small caliber scopes (see figure) that are designed to be passed through the cystic duct into the common bile duct.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /1626.cfm (366 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 2005.2: Common Bile Duct Exploration
		The common bile duct is a tube that connects the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to the small intestine.
		A common bile duct exploration is a procedure used to see if a stone is blocking the flow of bile from your liver and gallbladder to your intestine.
		Common bile duct exploration is often done during surgery to remove the gallbladder.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/wha/wha_commbd_crs.htm (783 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Common duct stones are suspected during cholecystectomy in 10% to 15% of patients.
		In the past, when common bile duct stones were suspected, the approach was open surgery (open cholecystectomy) and surgical exploration of the common bile duct.
		A tiny opening is made in the cystic duct which connects the gallbladder to the bile duct, and a thin tube is introduced to perform a cholangiogram.
	www.nym.org /healthinfo/docs/010/doc10commonbileduct.html (1196 words)

	eMedicine - Cholelithiasis : Article by Jeff Allen, MD
		Bile duct injuries sustained during LC are not recognized during surgery in 60% of patients.
		A number of complications are possible with gallstones, including migration of stones into the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis), acute inflammation of the wall of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), gallbladder gangrene, and passage of the stones into the intestine through a fistulous tract (gallstone ileus).
		Common bile duct injury is a recognized complication of cholecystectomy.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic836.htm (2793 words)

	VHJOE - Role of EUS in Common Bile Duct Stones Prior... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The close proximity of the echoendoscope to the extra hepatic bile ductal system, lack of radiation and safety makes it an excellent method for examining the common bile duct and gallbladder such that small stones, biliary sludge and even microlithiasis can be demonstrated.
		In our series, 62 patients were referred for suspected CBD stone, we were able to examine the entire CBD, from the common hepatic duct down to the papilla in all patients.
		Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is a relatively novel procedure for the diagnosis of common bile duct stones.
	www.vhjoe.com /Volume3Issue2/3-2-3.htm (2061 words)

	Sewkani A, et al. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Distal Common Bile Duct. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2005; 6(2):162-165. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In most of the reports published, the tumor involved the intrahepatic bile ducts [1, 3, 4], gallbladder [1, 5] or the ampulla [6, 7].
		A computerized tomographic scan of the abdomen was done which suggested a thickening of the distal bile duct wall with a dilated bile duct and main pancreatic duct.
		Bile duct epithelium with squamous metaplasia and dysplasia suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma.
	www.joplink.net /prev/200503/03.html (1281 words)

	Laparoscopy.com - TRANSCYSTIC COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION.
		The treatment is based in removing the stones from the main biliary conduit (common bile duct) and restore it's patency.
		Indications: An abnormal cholangiogram showing or suggesting choledocholithiasis; cystic duct larger than 4 mm merging into the hepatic duct at a straight angle; CBD stones less than 6 mm of diameter; common bile duct less the 6-mm; minimal tissue edema.
		The cystic duct was already dissected and opened to perform a cholangiogram.This study has shown an obstruction in the distal common bile duct (CBD) therefore exploration is warranted.
	www.laparoscopy.com /pictures/tccbde.html (594 words)

	Gallstones and Gallbladder Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anomalous Junction of the Pancreatic and Biliary Ducts.
		Bile duct injury has been a more common problem than with the open procedure but increasing surgical experience and the use of cholangiography is reducing this complication and studies are now reporting more comparable rates between the two procedures.
		A tiny opening is made in the cystic duct that connects the gallbladder to the bile duct, and a thin tube is introduced to perform a cholangiogram.
	www.morehead.org /wellconnected/000010.htm (10897 words)

	Common Bile Duct Stones
		When stones migrate from the gallbladder and are retained within the common bile duct a condition called choledocholithiasis is present.
		Choledocholithiasis is the medical term for stones within the common bile duct.
		Since stones in the common bile duct may migrate and block the pancreatic duct, gallstone pancreatitis may occur.
	www.gastromd.com /education/bileductstones.html (184 words)

	bile on Encyclopedia.com
		BILE [bile] bitter alkaline fluid of a yellow, brown, or green color, secreted, in man, by the liver.
		Bile, or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, fatty acids, and inorganic salts.
		The bile is a route of excretion for many drugs and metabolites; cholesterol is excreted almost entirely in the bile, as are breakdown products of heme, such as bilirubin, which color the bile and are known as the bile pigments.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/bile.asp (1154 words)

	Section 5 Chapter 21 Cholecystectomy and Common Bile Duct Exploration
		The presence of a dilated CBD or CBD stones preoperatively is predictive of choledocholithiasis.
		Electrocauterization should be avoided near the CBD because delayed bile duct injuries and leaks may occur as a result of sloughing from a burned area and devascularization of the duct.
		As with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it is critical to identify the cystic duct and artery and their anatomic relations to the gallbladder and common bile duct before division and to avoid injury to the common bile duct or common hepatic duct.
	www.acssurgery.com /acsonline/chapters/ch0521.htm (14704 words)

	Gallstones and Gallbladder Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The enzyme alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are usually elevated in acute cholecystitis, and especially choledocholithiasis (common bile duct stones).
		Ultrasound is also not as useful for common bile duct stones and cannot image the cystic duct.
		It employs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cholangiography, in which a dye is injected into the bile duct and x-rays are used to view the duct.
	www.morehead.org /wellconnected/000010_5.htm (1590 words)

	About Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration (LCBDE) and Bile Duct Stone Extraction
		In the United States, approximately 800,000 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are performed annually, with stones (choledocholithiasis) detected in the common bile duct in 6-10% of the cases via intraoperative cholangiogram.
		Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration (LCBDE) includes either (a) transcystic or (b) choledochotomy procedures and is a minimally invasive operation with the lowest associated morbidity and mortality.
		Laparoscopic choledochotomy is the preferred procedure for LCBDE and stone extraction in difficult cases such as those with multiple or larger stones, with stones in intrahepatic ducts, in the presence of cholangitis, or in the presence of a small, brittle, or avulsed cystic duct.
	www.lapsurgical.com /about.html (663 words)

	SSAT - 2002 Abstract: 108002 Abstract ID: 108002 Transcystic Common Bile Duct Exploration (TCBDE) in the Management of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		RESULTS:SC was positive for in 27 cases (36%), with an incidence of common bile duct stones of 9% from the total group (27/300).
		In the remaining 21 patients we performed the TCBDE and confirmed common bile duct stones in all of them for a 100% sensibility of the SC.
		We could extract the stones in 19 patients for a succes rate of 90.4%.We failed in 2 patients, one with multiple lithasis (8), and one with an impacted stone at the ampulla that were converted to open surgery.
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/abstracts/02ddw/108002.cgi?affiliation= (300 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Choledocholithiasis
		Choledocholithiasis is the presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct.
		The stone may consist of bile pigments and/or calcium and cholesterol salts that are formed in the biliary tract.
		Complete, persistent obstruction of the common bile duct can cause cholangitis, a life threatening infection of the biliary tree, which is a medical emergency.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000274.htm (498 words)

	The Common Bile Duct - Medical Illustration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This medical exhibit depicts the anatomy of the gallbladder and common bile duct from an anterior (front) view.
		Labels identify the gallbladder and the common bile duct.
		Cholecystectomy with Injury to the Common Hepatic and Common Bile Ducts - exh5645
	www.doereport.com /generateexhibit.php?ID=3911 (359 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Dictionary of Cancer Terms
		A rare type of cancer that develops in cells that line the bile ducts in the liver.
		A tumor of the connective tissues of the bile ducts.
		A common type of indolent (slowly progressing) cancer in which too many lymphocytes (white blood cells) are found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.
	www.cancer.gov /dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=c (6000 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 9.0: Common Bile Duct Exploration
		The common bile duct is a tube that connects the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to the small intestine and helps deliver fluids for digestion.
		When a stone becomes stuck in the common bile duct it may cause bile to back up into the liver, which causes jaundice.
		Jaundice is a condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes become yellowish.
	www.obiakorobgyn.com /medical/crs/commbd.htm (614 words)

	Bile Duct Exploration
		The CBD is a tube connecting the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to the small intestine that helps deliver fluid to aid in digestion.
		The CBD exploration is a procedure used to see if a stone or some obstruction is blocking the flow of bile from your liver and gallbladder to your intestine.
		The CBD might become infected and require emergency surgery if the stone or blockage is not removed.
	clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/1700/1718.asp?index=6901 (429 words)

	Gallbladder - Gallbladder Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Gallbladder Tumors - Cancer of the gallbladder is a rare entity; however, it is the fifth most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.
		The gall bladder is a small pear-shaped organ on the underside of the liver that is used to store bile.
		Bile is made in the liver and is stored in the gall
	obesity-surgery.sitesarea.com /q/obesity-surgery-gallbladder.htm (240 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The objective of the present study is to determine that laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) is a safe, feasible and single-stage option for the management of CBD stones.
		If CBD stone was found, either a transcystic or transcholedochal exploration was done depending on the size, site, number of stones and CBD diameter.
		Primary closure of CBD was done in few patients and in one patient we placed an antegrade stent and in another we placed endoscopic stent into the CBD laparoscpically which was removed after four weeks.
	www.bioline.org.br /abstract?id=is05023 (357 words)

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