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Topic: Common external tariff

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	Jamaica Gleaner - Common External Tariff and the incentives regime - Sunday \| April 3, 2005
		The net result is that the existing tariff structure is highly variable and complex, and therefore lends itself well to the machinations of those who would seek to subvert the system to their advantage.
		The implication of all of this is that were we to reform the tariff regime such that there was a uniform tax rate of five per cent, with no exceptions of any sort, we would collect approximately the same amount of revenue as we do today.
		Thirdly, we subjected the tariff regime to the same experiment that was conducted in respect of GCT by modelling an increase equivalent to one per cent of GDP in revenues from this source, firstly via the existing rate structure, and then via a uniform rate structure.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20050403/lead/lead6.html (629 words)

	ECONOMIC REPORT 1er.Q.1995-Foreign trade and the balance of payments-Trade Policy Measures
		A customs union requires the elimination of import tariffs (and non-tariff barriers) for trade among the member countries and the adoption of a common external tariff on imports of goods from the rest of the world.
		In the new MCN a common external tariff was established for imports from non-Mercosur countries.
		In most cases the initial tariffs are lower (zero, 2%, 6%, 8%, 12%) than the common external tariff on which they converge; the initial tariff is higher than the common external tariff only in some cases (18%, 25%, 30%).
	www.mecon.gov.ar /report/report13/trade/trade5.htm (1764 words)

	The Minerva Program
		In 1994, Brazilian tariffs were, in average, close to 35% and went down to 20% by 1995.
		The common external tariff for this sector was fixed in 16%.
		A common external tariff is not, by itself, enough for the consolidation of the integration purposes, because the effects resulting from a change in tariffs can be compensated by fluctuations on the exchange rate.
	www.gwu.edu /~ibi/minerva/Fall1996/Carlos.Lima.Bezerra.html (5589 words)

	[No title]
		MERCOSUR is moving to a common external tariff, \par as internal barriers to trade continue to be reduced.
		If there are no national tariffs, Chilean producers are the most efficient \par apple producers and the law of comparative advantage predicts that Chile will produce and export apples to France \par and Germany.
		NAFTA creates a common market for goods, services and \par factors within the region, while leaving each country free to adopt its own external tariff barriers and fiscal policies.
	www.uky.edu /~wallyf/news/nafta.doc (1901 words)

	SIMCOM: Mercosur: Client Case Studies
		The Common External Tariff is a tax calculated as a percentage of imported goods, equally levied for each type of good for all four Mercosur countries.
		These tariffs will be in the area of 0% to 20%, to be completely instituted by Brazil and Argentina in 2001, and Paraguay and Uruguay in 2006.
		The Common External Tariff includes general rules to facilitate its interpretation in accordance with the Harmonized System for Identification and Codification of Commodities.
	www.esimcom.com /aak2_0_1_2/simcom_about/ab2_mercosur_ccs.asp (349 words)

	Other Customs Unions
		On February 1, 1995, a common external tariff (CET) was implemented by Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
		As authorized by the Act of Barahona, Bolivia maintained its national tariff schedule, and Peru is subject to transitional arrangements whereby its trade is regulated through bilateral agreements and its implementation of the common external tariff is gradual.
		Although the CET cannot exceed 20 percent, there is an exception for the automobile sector with a tariff of 40 percent.
	www.econ.iastate.edu /classes/econ355/choi/other.htm (1498 words)

	SICE-Andean Community-Cartagena Ageement
		To facilitate the adoption of the Common External Tariff; and
		At any time, in fulfilling the Tariff Reduction Program, a product is freed of levies and other restrictions, it shall be subject to the full and simultaneous application of the levies established in the Minimum Common External Tariff or in the Common External Tariff, as the case may be.
		If the execution of the Tariff Reduction Program of the Agreement causes or threatens to cause serious damage to the economy of a Member Country or to one of its significant economic sectors, that country may, with the prior permission of the General Secretariat, apply temporary corrective steps in a nondiscriminatory manner.
	www.sice.oas.org /Trade/Junac/Carta_Ag/cartag3e.asp (4438 words)

	What ' s behind MERCOSUR ' s common external tariff?
		Using the terms-of-trade approach, one concludes that tariffs on imports from the rest of the world should increase after the formation of a regional bloc, because the market power of the region increases and terms-of-trade externalities can be internalized in the custom union ' s common external tariff.
		There is also evidence that the terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur ' s members have been internalized in the common external tariff.
		"Tariffs and the Extraction of Foreign Monopoly Rents under Potential Entry," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol.
	ideas.repec.org /p/wbk/wbrwps/2231.html (985 words)

	USAID WARP/Ghana: Regional Economic Integration Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		An ECOWAS Meeting of Experts on the Common External Tariff was held in Accra, Ghana in July 2004.
		Staff of the CET project visited the Commission of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) in Burkina Faso in September 2004 to learn from its experience in implementing a common external tariff.
		The Common External Tariff and the Free Trade Area were both agreed to by the ECOWAS Heads of State in 1975, and again in 1993.
	www.usaid.gov /missions/warp/newsletter/ecintegration/1qtr05 (1184 words)

	Business News of Wednesday, 28 July 2004
		The plan would address six key areas, including exceptions to the CET, exemptions from the CET, implementation period, bilateral free trade agreements, special export zones and budget impact of CET adoption.
		All 15 ECOWAS member-states have agreed by treaty to adopt the common external tariff aimed to have four broad tariff categories (zero per cent; five per cent; 10 per cent; and 20 per cent), the World Customs Union product nomenclature and valuation system.
		Dr Samuel Nii Noi Ashong, Minister of State for Economic Planning, said the Region would not be able to survive as a major trading block if the implementation of the various protocols ratified by the Governments remained on the drawing board.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=62799 (392 words)

	Andean Community / Decision 466: Extension of the deadlines established in Decision 370 for the final stage of ...
		The Tariff Coordination Council met on May 17 and 18, 1999 to study the situation and propose the terms and conditions under which the list of exceptions to the Common External Tariff would be definitively dismantled;
		In the case of the group of residual subitems that are not withdrawn by January 31, 2000 and that show a difference of more than 10 percentage points between the national tariff and the Common External Tariff, that difference must be reduced to 5 points.
		Article 3.- By July 31, 2000 at the latest, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela shall withdraw the residual group of NANDINA subitems from their lists of exceptions to the Common External Tariff, by transferring them to Annex 1 to Decision 370, or, in the case of Ecuador, to Annex 2 to Decision 370.
	www.comunidadandina.org /ingles/normativa/D466e.htm (323 words)

	Periodic Note: MERCOSUR
		The remaining tariff items, including capital goods, telecommunications, and computer equipment (1,100 items), will continue to be subject to national tariff rates until the end of the transition period when the tariffs will converge linearly and automatically.
		While higher tariffs in Brazil grant de facto tariff preference to related exports from its MERCOSUR partners, the quotas on imported automobiles may in fact significantly restrict Argentine vehicle exports, which helped reverse that country's trade deficit with Brazil during the first five months of 1995.
		The purpose of MERCOSUR is to create a common market in which goods and services can be freely traded among member countries and to permit the unrestricted movement of factors of production (labor and capital), the coordination of macroeconomic and sector policies, and the harmonization of national legislation in order to enhance competitiveness.
	www.iadb.org /int/intpub/nota/merco.htm (1950 words)

	International Market Research - Mercosur reduces the Common External Tariff by 1.5 percent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Consequently, the average CET fell to 14 percent on January 1, 2004.
		In 2001 CAMEX reduced the CET by 1.5 percent; however, due to other significant economic crises in Russia, Brazil and Argentina, the remaining 1.5 percent reduction was delayed until December 31, 2003.
		For countries outside the Mercosur area, Argentina and its Mercosur partners established the Mercosur common external tariff on January 1, 1995.
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr122686e.html (793 words)

	SICE - CARICOM: Chapter IV
		Member States agree to establish and maintain a Common External Tariff in respect of all commodities imported from third countries in accordance with a plan and Schedule to be adopted by the Conference immediately upon the entry into force of this Annex, provided that:
		They shall progressively phase their tariffs in accordance with the annual reviews mentioned in paragraph (b) of this proviso provided that in the case of Montserrat the introduction of the Plan and Schedule will commence not later than Ist August, 1981, and the phasing period will end not later than Ist August, 1985.
		Upon the expiration of the period of three years from the entry into force of the Common External Tariff the Council shall review such rates as are posing or as are likely to pose difficulties in their application.
	www.sice.oas.org /trade/ccme/ccme10.asp (592 words)

	CalTrade Report - US, European Union Sign Trade Concessions Package (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The agreement reduces several EU agricultural and industrial tariffs to offset increases that occurred when the 10 countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 were required to change their tariff schedules to conform to the EU's common external tariff schedule.
		In addition, the EU will permanently reduce tariffs on protein concentrates, certain fish, chemicals (polyvinyl butyral), aluminum tube, and molybdenuym wire; and the US will also benefit from the Most-Favored Nation concessions that third countries such as China, Japan, Brazil, Canada, and Australia are negotiating with the EU.
		The 10 new members were required to change their tariff schedules to conform to the EU's common external tariff schedule, resulting in increased tariffs on certain imported products.
	www.caltradereport.com /eWebPages/front-page-1143208715.html (448 words)

	COMESA Plans to Establish Common External Tariff, Common Tariff Nomenclature by 2004
		COMEA has planned to establish Common External Tariff (CET) and Common Tariff Nomenclature by the end of 2004.
		Participants of the meeting are here mainly to review the progress made in the development of the COMESA Common Tariff Nomenclature (CTN) and to provide policy guidelines for handling duty exemptions under the CTN to articulate a common COMESA commercial policy.
		The last negotiating meeting on the CTN held in October 2002 in Kampala, Uganda, debated on five broad categories of exemptions and made a number of observations relating to exemptions arising from international obligations, bilateral agreements and government institutions, according to Dr. Charles L. Chanthunya, Director of Trade, Customs and Monetary Affairs in the COMESA.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2003/01/24-01-03/Plans.htm (382 words)

	Centro de Noticias del Estado - Presidencia de la República
		Bogotá, October 15 (CNE) – The Community of Andean Nations defined the 62% of the common external tariff for the importations realized by other countries.
		The decision was established after an engagement in Lima, Perú, sustained by the Ministers of Commerce, External Relations, and Agriculture of the five Andean countries.
		The new common external tariff is an important instrument for employment generation; it also improves the productivity of Andean Nations.
	www.presidencia.gov.co /cne/octubre/15/06152002.htm (293 words)

	Page under construction
		The Ministry of Foreign Trade and International Cooperation is pleased to now make available information regarding the workings of the all-important Common External Tariff (CET) and the Safeguard Mechanism, for the information of the Private Sector, and other interested stakeholders.
		It is anticipated that the Private Sector will respond to these requests based on their ability to supply the products within the specified timeframe, and communicate this to the Ministry in a timely manner to allow for the CARICOM Secretariat to be notified within the stipulated timeframe of five (5) working days.
		The Inventory is prepared based on Tariff Headings, Description of the Product, Requesting Company, Rate of Duty, Period of Suspension and Guyana’s ability to supply.
	www.sdnp.org.gy /moftic/cetdocs..htm (271 words)

	afrika.no - East Africa: Egypt and Mauritius reject east African Community’s tariff plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Comesa secretariat had proposed that the three-band tariff system operating in East Africa be adopted to create harmony between the common external tariff of the EAC and Comesa, and to avoid further segmentation of the region.
		Secondly, the secretariat argued that the three band structure is closer to the existing MFN (most favoured nations) tariffs of at least eight member states of Comesa.
		The EAC countries have moved faster, and a customs union — complete with a common external tariff, is expected to be adopted in a matter of months.
	www.afrika.no /noop/page.php?p=Detailed/4263&print=1 (631 words)

	SSRN-Deeper Integration and Voting on the Common European External Tariff by Samia Tavares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the case of the determination of the common external tariff, deeper integration implies that the tariff reflected union-wide preferences.
		If integration is still shallow, though, the observed tariff will reflect the preferences of a pivotal national government.
		This paper uses a unique dataset to test the deep vs. shallow integration hypothesis in an effort to shed light on how decisions are made in the EU.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=757544 (253 words)

	CEPR Discussion Paper Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A customs union is enlarged by the addition of one or more new countries.
		In many simple trade models the optimal CET is always zero, which makes the question trivial.
		Various cases can be developed, however, in which a positive CET is optimal.
	www.cepr.org /pubs/dps/DP368.asp (214 words)

	The Common External Tariff of a Customs Union : Alternative Approaches
		The Common External Tariff of a Customs Union : Alternative Approaches
		This paper describes alternative approaches to the central question of common external tariffs of a Custom Union.
		To our knowledge, this item is not available for download.
	ideas.repec.org /p/fth/yalegr/755.html (226 words)

	EconPapers: The Optimal External Tariff in an Enlarging Customs Union
		Abstract: A customs union is enlarged by the addition of one or more new countries.
		A neutral enlargement, under which trade with the outside world is held constant, proves to be an important and enlightening reference case.
		Keywords: Common External Tariff; Customs Union; EC Enlargement (search for similar items in EconPapers)
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/cprceprdp/368.htm (271 words)

	What's behind Mercosur's Common External Tariff? (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is the question at the core of this paper.
		Results suggest that in the case of the Common Market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur) both forces were important.
		Click on Citations (may not include all citations): to know more
	smealsearch2.psu.edu /8115.html (224 words)

	EUABC A dictionary on words related to the EU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		EUABC A dictionary on words related to the EU Select country
		The EU is a customs union with common tariffs for the rest of the world.
		The customs rates are decided by a qualified majority in the Council but bound by the WTO.
	www.euabc.com /index.phtml?word_id=191 (60 words)

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