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Topic: Common Foreign and Security Policy

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	Common Foreign and Security Policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Common Foreign and Security Policy or CFSP, german Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik (GASP), was established as the second of the three pillars of the European Union in the Maastricht treaty of 1992, and further defined and broadened in the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997.
		The treaties indicate that the function of the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy is exercised by the Secretary-General of the Council of Ministers, who assists the country holding the Presidency of the European Union in matters coming within the scope of the CFSP.
		The Political and Security Committee (PSC or "COPS" from its French acronym) was first established as an interim body in 2000 is described by the Nice European Council Conclusions as the "linchpin" of the European Security and Defence Policy and the Common Foreign and Security Policy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy (932 words)

	NATO Handbook: The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
		The implications of this Treaty for the future Common Foreign and Security Policy of the Union and for EU-WEU relations are described later in the chapter.
		Further steps in the implementation of the CFSP and the CESDP were taken at subsequent European Council meetings, and in particular in Cologne in June 1999, in Helsinki in December 1999, and in Lisbon in March 2000.
		The CFSP is intended to be comprehensive and to cover all areas of foreign and security policy.
	www.nato.int /docu/handbook/2001/hb150302.htm (873 words)

	Common Foreign & Security Policy (CFSP) - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The CFSP was established as the second pillar of the European Union in the 1993 Treaty on European Union signed at Maastricht.
		As the network of Commission delegations is wider than the foreign embassy system of many of the Member States, they will sometimes be the sole representative of the EU in a country and in these cases their representative role for the EU as a whole increases.
		The Political and Security Committee (PSC, or COPS as it is known by its French acronym) is the lynchpin of the CFSP and the ESDP.
	europa.eu.int /comm/external_relations/cfsp/intro (2312 words)

	European Security and Defence Policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Security and Defence Policy or ESDP is a major element of the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar of the European Union (EU).
		Formally, the European Security and Defence Policy is the domain of the Council of the European Union, which is an intergovernmental body in which the member states are represented.
		The draft EU constitution attempted to codify the European Security and Defence Policy further, but it was ultimately rejected by both France and the Netherlands, and as such did not come into effect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_Policy (1879 words)

	Enlargement and the Common Foreign and Security Policy: Transforming the EU´s External Policy?
		What had previously been a relatively modest attempt at co-ordinating the foreign policies of EC states within EPC was supposed to develop into a common foreign policy for the new European Union in the context of the end of the Cold War.
		A process of `Europeanisation' of foreign policy in which shared norms and rules are gradually accumulated might be closer to describing accurately the CFSP than the image of rational bargaining leading to agreement on a policy of the lowest common denominator (Hill 1996b).
		According to Allen (1998) the CFSP suffers from an inherent contradiction: `the determination to preserve national foreign policy is ultimately at odds with the ambition to create a European foreign policy' (Allen 1998: 64).
	www.arena.uio.no /presentation/publications/wp98_18.htm (6925 words)

	Javier Solana
		The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) was established by the Maastricht Treaty and came into force on 1 November 1999.
		CFSP matters are dealt with by Foreign Affairs Ministers in the General Affairs Council.
		It is true that pooling sovereignty in the area of foreign policy is still a sensitive issue for some but there is a new and widespread recognition that the problems of today's world can only be tackled by working together.
	afa.at /globalview/052000/solana.html (1868 words)

	Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
		In part, CFSP was a product of a realization that the existing machinery for political and military cooperation was and had been inadequate to the task of formulating and implementing a common European position on international issues.
		CFSP is formally one of the three 'pillars' of the European Union (the other two being the European Community and Justice and Home Affairs).
		CFSP formally covers "all questions related to the security of the Union, including the eventual framing of a common defence policy, which might in time lead to a common defence".
	www.unc.edu /depts/europe/conferences/eu/Cfsp/cfsp4.html (517 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --C--
		In the last analysis, the logical conclusion of the CFSP would be that both France's and the UK's nuclear deterrent would be placed in the hands of the WEU and that their permanent seats on the Security Council would be merged into a single seat for a united Europe.
		The principle that the EU should formulate guidelines, 'be associated' or instigate common action in areas where the initiative was formerly reserved to the member states, such as foreign and security policy and judicial co-operation.
		The clearest example of systematic anti-competitive activities is the Common Agricultural Policy, which is exempted by the Treaty from the general ban on restrictive practices, on the grounds that it aims to ensure rural prosperity and stability of food supply.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/c.html (11451 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Common Foreign and Security Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The CFSP is mentioned among the Union's goals contained in article 2 (formerly article B) of the common provisions of the TEU, and is based on five main objectives:
		The role of initiating and directing the CFSP belongs to the European Council, which adopts "common strategies" while the GAERC is competent in "common actions" and "common positions".
		In this function the President is assisted by the High Representative for the CFSP and, if necessary, by the Member State which is due to hold the Presidency next, thus forming the so-called "Troika" (current President, subsequent President and High Representative, with the association of the Commission).
	www.esteri.it /eng/3_23_43_294.asp (1235 words)

	SCADPlus: The common foreign and security policy: introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The CFSP, the legal basis of which was relatively belated, is one of the external relations instruments of the European Union (EU).
		The objectives of EPC were also extended to all foreign policy issues of general interest, and with the entry into force of the Single Act in 1987, 17 years after its launch, EPC obtained its own legal basis.
		The CFSP's overall budget for the year 2002 is estimated at EUR 35 million, which is less than one per cent of the entire budget for external actions.
	www.europa.eu.int /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/r00001.htm (4395 words)

	Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
		Foreign and defense policy-making in the EU, particularly during crises, is likely to be slower and less decisive than in the case of the US.
		In contrast, there are 15 foreign policy establishments in the EU (one in each country) that must implement a common EU position.
		As a result of the duplication of intelligence work amongst the EU member states, it is not unreasonable to expect the EU member states to develop a range of very different understandings and perspectives on different foreign policy defense issue areas.
	www.unc.edu /depts/europe/conferences/eu/Cfsp/cfsp8.html (442 words)

	Chapter 27: Common foreign and security policy
		The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is connected to the Associated Correspondents' Network information system, through which the EU communicates with associated partners within the CFSP.
		Bulgaria should focus its further efforts on ensuring that its foreign policy orientation remains in line with the Union's developing foreign and security policy, that draft legislation is adopted and implemented and that the development of the necessary administrative structures is finalised.
		In particular, Bulgaria should ensure that its national policies and practice conform to the EU's common positions, should defend these positions in international fora and should ensure that all sanctions and restrictive measures can be duly implemented.
	www.fifoost.org /bulgarien/EU_Bulgaria_2002/node62.php (715 words)

	Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
		In Cologne, in 1999, the European Council concluded that “The aim is to strengthen the CFSP by the development of a common European policy on security and defence.
		The Political and Security Committee (PSC) monitors the international situation in the areas covered by the common foreign and security policy and contributes to the definition of policies by delivering opinions to the Council at the request of the Council or on its own initiative.
		She has laid particular emphasis on the need to bolster the Union with a credible and strong foreign and security policy, which should have at its disposal the necessary institutional framework, coherence and unity, along with vital operational tools in order to underpin the role of the EU on the international scene.
	www.greekembassy.org /Embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=1&folder=40&article=59 (2472 words)

	EUABC A dictionary on words related to the EU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A Common Foreign and Security Policy has now developed through the so-called "Pillar II" of the EU treaties.
		Within the CFSP the most important decisions are decided by unanimity voting.
		The Constitution proposes a double-hatted EU Foreign Minister appointed by the European Council, accepted by the EU Commission President and approved together with the rest of the Commission by the European Parliament as a vice-chair in the Commission for Foreign Relations.
	www.euabc.com /index.phtml?word_id=194 (285 words)

	Common Foreign and Security Policy and External Relations
		Foreign and security policy in the European Union.London: Sage, 1998.
		Foreign policy of the European Union: from EPC to CFSP and beyond.
		The foreign and security policy of the European Union.
	www.mun.ca /ceuep/external_relations.html (10762 words)

	The Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ambitious mandate in the fields of foreign policy and security which the European Community and its Member States received at Maastricht was designed to permit a nascent European Union to respond more adequately to the challenges of the new international strategic environment.
		The initial difficulty of cooperating on security issues is compounded by the established policies of neutrality in Austria, Finland and Sweden.
		Either a specific reference to the security aspects of the CFSP could be made in the Accession Treaty, or the European Union could content itself with requesting the acceptance of the TEU, including the CFSP chapter, as such.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol5/No2/art2-06.html (1827 words)

	Common foreign and security policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The principle of a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) was formalised in 1992 in the Treaty of Maastricht.
		Despite their commitment to the CFSP, member governments sometimes find it hard to change their own national policy in the name of EU solidarity.
		In a world where power no longer necessarily means security, the EU must be able to respond swiftly to specific situations as they arise – and with the right mix of instruments.
	delukr.cec.eu.int /page32472.html (770 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and the 1996 ...
		Koliopoulos, Kostas (1995) The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference.
		The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) was established by the Maastricht Treaty to form the Second Pillar of the European Union (EU).
		Political integration has proved to be slower and harder to achieve; foreign, security and defence policies are very sensitive sectors and Member States are reluctant to surrender their sovereign rights to the European level.
	aei.pitt.edu /803 (236 words)

	American Bar Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, whenever a security issue or conflict occurs, whether it be traditional, economic or transnational, it will be viewed by law enforcement as a "crime" and by the intelligence community as a "national security" problem.
		However, because encryption involves matters of foreign affairs and national security, and because encryption involves technical data, not historical analysis and ideas at the core of the First Amendment, it is beyond the competence of the courts.
		However, the U.S. security apparatus is ill equipped to deal with this new threat, and from a law enforcement perspective, the difficulty of identifying the source of the attack or the identity of the hacker raises difficult jurisdictional problems.
	www.americanbar.org /natsecurity/lawenf.html (11041 words)

	EUROPA - Activities of the European Union - Foreign and Security Policy
		EUROPA - Activities of the European Union - Foreign and Security Policy
		But the Union has made less progress in forging a common foreign and security policy over the years than in creating a single market and a single currency.
		The geopolitical changes following the collapse of communism, and the outbreak of regional crises in the Balkans and beyond, have led EU members to redouble their efforts to speak and act as one.
	europa.eu /pol/cfsp/index_en.htm (218 words)

	The Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The European Union is presently exploring new territory through the operation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
		The first view deliberately neglects new elements explicitly enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty; a common foreign and security policy is a concept of different legal and political value than mere cooperation in the sphere of foreign policy.
		In fact, faced with an increased risk of international instability and, in particular, a revival of nationalistic trends within Europe, the Community and its Member States realized that common security and defence are corollary elements to safeguarding economic stability in Europe as a whole.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol5/No2/art2.html (702 words)

	EU Common Foreign and Security Policy News - EU Politics Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana said on Monday the European Union was ready to share the most sophisticated civilian...
		EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana on Monday said the EU was working on a brave proposal to be presented...
		But EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana indicated it would not be possible for the mechanism to cover salaries to all...
	eupolitics.einnews.com /news/EU-CFSP (1270 words)

	A Guide to the European Union - CFSP
		Languages in the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy
		The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) was established as the second pillar of the European Union in the 1992 Treaty on European Union signed at Maastricht.
		The ESDP does not, however, affect the specific nature of the security and defence policies of Member States, and is compatible with the policy conducted in the framework of NATO.
	www.ecdel.org.au /eu_guide/cfsp.htm (670 words)

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