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Topic: Common Wheat

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Wheat
		Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour for leavened, flat and steamed breads; cookies, cakes, pasta, noodles and couscous; and for fermentation to make beer, alcohol, vodka or biofuel.
		Wheat is planted to a limited extent as a forage crop for livestock and the straw can be used as a ruminant fodder component or as a construction material for roofing thatch.
		Wheat is widely cultivated as a cash crop because it produces a good yield per unit area, grows well in a temperate climate even with a moderately short growing season, and yields a versatile, high-quality flour that is widely used in baking.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Wheat (1797 words)

	Newsletter August 2001
		Total wheat area harvested is expected to increase from 53.0 million acres in 2000 to 59.4 million acres in 2010, and average yield is predicted to increase from 41.9 bushels per acre to 45.0 bushels per acre.
		Common wheat exports are predicted to increase 9.8%, from 28.6 million metric tons in 2000 to 31.4 million metric tons in 2010.
		Egypt, the largest importer of common wheat in the North Africa region, is predicted to increase its imports of common wheat.
	www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu /capts/newsletter8.htm (1563 words)

	328
		Gerlach WL and Bedbrook JR 1979 Cloning and characterisation of ribosomal RNA genes from wheat and barley.
		Kadam BS 1936 Genetics of the Bansi wheat of the Bombay-Deccan and a synthetic Khapli.
		Knowles PF and Harrington JB 1943 Breeding smooth-awned durum and vulgare wheats.
	grain.jouy.inra.fr /ggpages/wgc/98/RefsC-K.htm (8938 words)

	U.S. and World Wheat Economies Predicted to Improve
		Common wheat exports are predicted to increase gradually from 22.8 million metric tons in 2000-02 to 25.9 million metric tons in 2012.
		Common wheat demand in Southeast Asian countries is predicted to grow for the 2002-2012 period.
		Egypt, the largest importer of common wheat in the North African region, is predicted to increase its imports of common wheat.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extnews/newsrelease/2003/081403/09usandw.htm (568 words)

	1453
		Tosa Y, Tokunaga H and Ogura H 1988 Identification of a gene for resistance to wheatgrass powdery mildew fungus in common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring.
		Genetic analyses in common wheat of a gametocidal gene derived from Aegilops speltoides.
		Whelan EDP 1988 Transmission of a chromosome from decaploid Agropyron elongatum that confers resistance to the wheat curl mite in common wheat.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/wgc/98/RefsT-Z.htm (4040 words)

	Items from Japan.
		While investigating the factors affecting the distribution of this allele, the available data on HMW-glutenin alleles of common wheats from Japan were analyzed and compared with the data for intensity of winter habit and wheat flour hardness.
		In Japan, the environment for cultivating common wheats is made diverse by the distance of the islands from north to south, by improved Japanese cultivars, and by locally grown landraces differentiating into distinct types of winter habit.
		With this design from China, the common wheats were exposed to a selective bottleneck induced by the external environment, and a founder effect (because all populations went through a bottleneck of small size).
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/awn/50/Textfiles/JAPAN.html (2236 words)

	Cereals: Dwarf Bunt and Common Bunt (Wheat) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Common bunt (stinking or covered smut) occurs anywhere in Canada where both spring and winter wheat is grown.
		Common bunt and dwarf bunt are hard to distinguish between and often require microscopic examination.
		Whereas, for dwarf bunt, the bunt balls are smaller and tend to be rounder.
	www.omafra.gov.on.ca /english/crops/pub811/6bunt.htm (784 words)

	Russian WildNature. Common Cow-wheat - Melampyrum pratense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Common Cow-wheat (Melampyrum pratense) is “poor relative” of more known and more noticeable Wood Cow-wheat (Melampyrum nemorosum).
		Common Cow-wheat is well adapted to a cold and habitates in tundra, but it is not adapted to heat and not grows in south.
		However, Common Cow-wheat has found assistants for the decision of this unsimple task: its seeds are similar to ant larvae.
	rwn.by.ru /plants/lm/Melampyrum_pratense_e.html (372 words)

	Triticum aestivum
		Common wheat, best known and most widely cultivated of the wheats, is cultivated for the grain, used whole or ground.
		Wheat grown for grain crop is also used for pasture before the stems elongate and as a temporary pasturage; it is nutritious and palatable.
		Australians figure that methanol produced from wheat stubble is about 7 times as expensive per GJ as Kuwaite oil, but half as expensive as ethanol from wheat grain ($A 1.25 per GJ for oil, 8.8 for methanol from stubble, 14.1–15.4 for ethanol from grain) (Boardman, 1980).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/Triticum_aestivum.html (2547 words)

	NDSU Ag Economist: U.S., World Whet Economies Should Improve in Coming Decade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Specifically, China's imports of common wheat may increase by nearly 100 percent, growing from 1 million metric tons annually to a projected 1.9 million metric tons annually during the 1999-2009 period.
		Another region of the world where Koo and Taylor predict imports of common wheat to increase is Africa, with North African imports growing by nearly 25 percent and Egyptian imports growing by nearly 35 percent during the next decade.
		Australia primarily produces a winter wheat that is similar to the hard red winter wheat grown in the United States in terms of quality and characteristics.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extnews/newsrelease/2000/060800/09ndsuag.htm (564 words)

	[No title]
		The seeding rate and growth analysis experiment was conducted in the field using two spring spelt cultivars (CDC Bavaria and PGR8801) and a common wheat cultivar (Katepwa) at four seeding rates ranging from 150 to 450 seeds/m 2 at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in 1995 and 1996.
		The response of spring spelt and common wheat to seeding date was measured from late April to early June under field conditions over two years.
		Seedling establishment for spring spelt is lower and less stable than common wheat, though this variation in seedling plant density does not influence the final grain yield.
	library.usask.ca /theses/available/etd-10212004-001220 (518 words)

	K-State part of effort to completely sequence common wheat genome
		The principal goal of the consortium is to obtain a publicly available, complete sequence of common (hexaploid) wheat since it is grown on more than 95 percent of the wheat-growing-area worldwide.
		The complete sequence of common wheat holds the key to genetic improvements that will allow growers to meet the growing demand for high-quality food produced in an environmentally sensitive, sustainable and profitable manner, he said.
		The organization believes that its goal of obtaining a complete sequence of common wheat for a reasonable price is achievable in the foreseeable future.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-06/ksu-kpo061405.php (411 words)

	Crop Profiles
		Wheat is grown throughout Illinois but is more commonly grown in the southern one-third of the state.
		Insect pests in the Illinois wheat crop are not monitored.
		Conditions that favor infestations of Hessian fly are wheat planted too early in the fall, the presence of volunteer wheat, and abundant acres of wheat varieties susceptible to attack by Hessian fly.
	www.ipmcenters.org /cropprofiles/docs/ILwheat.html (2670 words)

	The incorporation of durum wheat semolina into common wheat flour for the elaboration of fresh macaroni. Possibilities ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The incorporation of durum wheat semolina into common wheat flour for the elaboration of fresh macaroni.
		Currently, there is considerably interest in incorporating durum wheat semolina into common wheat flour to improve some some quality characteristics.
		The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a partial substitution of durum wheat semolina (DWS) into common wheat flour (CWF) on some rheological properties of the dough and quality attributes of the macaroni.
	www.aaccnet.org /meetings/99mtg/abstracts/acabb98.htm (274 words)

	WHEAT (Triticum) - Online Information article about WHEAT (Triticum)
		WHEAT (Triticum), the most important and the most generally diffused of cereal See also:
		Europe as a summer wheat and one suitable for starch-making.
		(3) The third species, T. polonicum, or Polish wheat, is a very distinct-looking form, with long leafy glumes; its origin is not known.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /WAT_WIL/WHEAT_Triticum_.html (1113 words)

	Kamut Organic Pasta - Allergenic Assessments
		The average mean of common wheat was 2.5 with Kamut being 1.9 with a range 0.0 to 6+.
		Of the twenty patients, ten were excluded from the study because they (a) did not elicit any symptoms to wheat during the wheat challenge, or (b) they had such a severe reaction to wheat that they refused to continue with the study.
		The most important difference between the wheat and Kamut challenge is that half (five) of the patients developed asthma, tightness in the chest and/or wheezing to wheat.
	www.sobaya.ca /kamtast.html (1784 words)

	ScienceDaily: K-State Part Of Effort To Completely Sequence Common Wheat Genome
		Major Wheat Pathogen Chosen For Genome Sequencing (April 28, 2005) -- Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists and a cooperator from The Netherlands are leading a project to sequence the genome of a key wheat...
		Wheat -- Wheat is a grass that is cultivated worldwide.
		Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour, livestock feed and...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/06/050615060119.htm (1661 words)

	Common Food Allergens
		The major grains that contain gluten are wheat, rye, oats, and barley.
		Spelt is an ancient wheat that has recently been marketed as safe for wheat-allergic individuals.
		Wheat flour is sometimes flavored and shaped to look like beef, pork, and shrimp, especially in Asian dishes.
	www.foodallergy.org /allergens/wheat.html (252 words)

	International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium
		The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) is a collaboration focused on building the foundation for advancing agricultural research for wheat production and utilization by developing DNA-based tools and resources that result from the complete genome sequence of common (hexaploid) wheat.
		The IWGSC was established to facilitate and coordinate international efforts toward obtaining the complete sequence of the common wheat genome.
		The IWGSC will complement the IGROW effort in which obtaining the sequence and annotation for wheat is a discrete objective in furthering our understanding of wheat at the genome, molecular, and physiological levels.
	www.wheatgenome.org (178 words)

	Effect of stress on creep compliance of durum wheat and common wheat doughs of different strengths. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Effect of stress on creep compliance of durum wheat and common wheat doughs of different strengths.
		Three durum wheat doughs, Durex (strong), AC Morse (moderately strong), and Wascana (weak), and three common wheat doughs, Glenlea (CWES), AC Barrie (CWRS), and AC Karma (CPSW), were tested in creep for 10,000 seconds at 20, 40, 80, and 160 Pa using a Rheometrics controlled stress rheometer.
		For durum doughs, J(1) and J(e)(^o) were nearly independent of stress, while all three parameters varied with stress for common wheat doughs.
	www.aaccnet.org /meetings/2001/Abstracts/a01ma387.htm (283 words)

	nutrition
		Since Kamut brand grain may be used as a substitute for any of these wheats, an average number for all the wheats in the USDA report was used.
		Because Kamut brand wheat is made up of such a large seed (about 2-3 times the size of a normal wheat kernel), the ratio of the seed coat to the seed volume is less than other wheats.
		The 2000 Souci-Fachmann Kraut tables (Germany) mention an average of 21 mcg/kg of selenium for common wheat.
	www.kamut.com /english/allergy/nutrition-main.htm (1499 words)

	Kamut Wheat and Wheat Allergy Article from Fitness and Freebies
		Many people allergic to common bread wheat (Triticum vulgare) are not allergic to a variety of wheat (Triticum turgidum spp turanicum) that is an ancient relative of durum wheat (Triticum durum) and is now being marketed under the Kamut trademark.
		According to The National Institute of Health, over 35 million Americans suffer from food allergies and allergic reactions to wheat are one of the most common.
		The first is a food allergy related to modern wheat, the latter is intolerance to gluten, present in amongst others: Wheat, rye, barley, spelt and also in Kamut grain.
	www.fitnessandfreebies.com /wheatfree/kamut.html (352 words)

	Elymus scaber (Common wheat grass)
		The long-awned form is the most common and occurs in New South Wales, across southern Australia and in Western Australia.
		Short-awned forms are found in north-east New South Wales and south-east Queensland and also occur in south-west New South Wales and north-central and coastal Victoria.
		The species is common, but is generally a sparse component of pasture.
	www.agric.nsw.gov.au /reader/gu-species/gu81whet.htm (818 words)

	ScienceDaily: Disease Damages Wheat Roots, Thwarts Water Uptake
		Alterations in irrigation schedules may be needed when wheat streak mosaic infection is suspected in winter wheat crops, according to a Texas Agricultural Experiment Station researcher in Amarillo.
		Wheat streak mosaic, the most common wheat disease in the Texas Panhandle, is a problem throughout many wheat production areas, Price said.
		The complete sequence of common wheat holds the key to genetic improvements that will allow growers to meet the growing demand for...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/03/060306094415.htm (1764 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Northern blotting analysis indicates that wheat BBC1 cDNA hybridized to a single tra nscript species present in the root of common wheat (Fig.
		However, when wheat seedlings were cold-treated for 72-96 h, the level of BBC1 mRNA in the root tissue of the cold-treated seedlings was higher than that under 22 °C (Fig.
		In this study, we found that wheat BBC1 gene was expressed exclusively in the root tissue, and its transcription was regulated by cold treatment.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?as03017 (2061 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DURUM AND COMMON WHEAT RECOMBINANT LINES CARRYING LEAF RUST ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The rust resistance gene and the yellow flour gene were transferred to durum wheat cultivars with the molecular markers to improve their rust resistance and pasta making qualities.
		This gene has not been widely used in common wheat breeding because of linkage with the yellow pigment gene Y. This gene tints flour yellow reducing its appeal in bread making.
		For the common wheat breeding programs, we selected the recombinant line 1-96, which has an interstitial 7E segment carrying Lr19 but not Y. This recombinant line can be used to improve leaf rust resistance without affecting flour color.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=179169 (535 words)

	ARS Project: DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC MUTANTS IN DURUM AND COMMON WHEAT (405458) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		To develop and characterize genetic mutants in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat for gene discovery.
		The hexaploid wheat cultivars 'Bobwhite' and 'Chinese Spring', and the tetraploid durum wheat cultivar 'Langdon', will be treated with the chemical mutagen ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS).
		Such technology is vital to high-throughput gene discovery in wheat, and once established will be made available to the wheat research community.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=405458 (266 words)

	Wheat - Common Armyworm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Adults of the common armyworm become active in late April and early May and are attracted to grassy crops including small grains.
		Larvae of CAW become active in late May and early June, when they feed on the wheat foliage and emerging heads.
		The most obvious damage occurs when CAW larvae feed on the stems clipping the heads completely off.
	ipm.osu.edu /ib/w-4.htm (221 words)

	"What Has Straw in Common with Wheat?" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Separating the relevant wheat from the "sheer quantity" of straw is a never ending task, but its neglect, as Ronald Hagler aptly warns, "is the greatest barrier to direct access" [3].
		Since research in homiletics intersects with Biblical criticism, systematic theology, church history, and religious education, it is a common choice for users to begin searching.
		The entire database is professionally indexed by full-time staff of the ATLA, and "the typical ATLA indexer has two graduate degrees in religion or library science and more than seven years of experience in indexing and editing" [25].
	www.firstmonday.dk /issues/issue6_7/abel (4814 words)

	Triticum species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Alternative Wheat Cereals as Food Grains: Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt, Kamut, and Triticale—G.F. Stallknecht, K.M. Gilbertson, and J.E. Ranney
		Wheat, durum wheat, winter wheat, spelt and triticale in New Crops for Canadian Agriculture—Ernest Small
		Hulled Wheat—Promoting the conservation and use of underutillized and neglected crops.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/nexus/Triticum_spp_nex.html (188 words)

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